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BOELEMENTOS
       Y
 BIOMOLÉCULAS
(UNIDADES 1 Y 2)




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BIOELEMENTOS




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http://web.educastur.princast.es/proyectos/bi
ogeo_ov/2BCH/B1_BIOQUIMICA/t11_BIOMOL
ECULAS/informacion.htm
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BIOMOLÉCULAS INORGÁNICAS

         AGUA




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REACCIÓN DE DISOCIACIÓN
DEL AGUA




                                         PRODUCTO IÓNICO
                                         DEL AGUA




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CONSTANTE
DIELÉCTRICA DEL
AGUA




                  SOLVATACIÓN DE LA GLUCOSA



                                  http://www.bionova.org.es/biocast/tema04.
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                                 htm
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BIOMOLÉCULAS INORGÁNICAS

    SALES MINERALES




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ÓSMOSIS




                DIÁLISIS


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BIOMOLÉCULAS ORGÁNICAS
        GÚCIDOS




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DEFINICIÓN Y CLASIFICACIÓN DE MONOSACÁRICOS



                                           Polialcoholes con un grupo
                                Aldosas
                                                    aldehido
                                           Polialcoholes con un grupo
                                Cetosas
                                                     cetona
                                Triosas        3 carbonos (CH2O)3

                                Tetrosas      4 carbonos (CH2O)4

                                Pentosas      5 carbonos (CH2O)5

                                Hexosas       6 carbonos (CH2O)6

                                Eptosas       7 carbonos (CH2O)7

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ALDOSAS




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ENANTIÓMEROCarmen Bonet                          20
                          ESTEROISÓMEROS D Y L
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MUTARROTACIÓN : TRANSFORAMCIÓNDE UN ANÓMERO EN OTRO




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ANÓMEROS




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DERIVADOS DE LOS
               MONOSACÁRICOS



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ENLACE 0-GLICOSÍDICO

                                 DICARBONÍLICO




MONOCARBONÍLICO




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ENLACE 0-GLICOSÍDICO (Dirección
del enlace)




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DISACÁRIDOS




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HOMOPOLISACÁRIDOS




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Glucógeno (partículas densas) almacenado en
célula hepática. Almacenamiento asociado con
túbulos del REL. Se observan mitocondrias




QUITINA

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RESUMEN DE LAS
       FÓRMULAS DE
       HOMOPOLISACÁRIDOS




EJEMPLO DE HETEROPOLISACÁRIDO




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HETERÓSIDOS




http://www.bionova.org.es/biocast/tema04.ht
m
http://ies.rayuela.mostoles.educa.madrid.org/
deptos/dbiogeo/recursos/Apuntes/ApuntesBio
Bach2/1-Bioquimica/Glucidos.htm           Carmen Bonet           34
REACCIÓN DE LUGOL CON
ALMIDÓN




                                       REACCIÓN DE FEHLING PARA
                                       DETECTAR AZÚCARES
                                       REDUCTORES



                        REACCIÓN DE TOLLENS PARA
                        DETECTAR AZÚCARES REDUCTORES
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BIOMOLÉCULAS ORGÁNICAS
        LÍPIDOS




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http://www2.uah.es/biomodel/model2/lip/acg
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       r-prop.htm
PROPIEDADES DE LOS
ÁCIDOS GRASOS: SON
SUSTANCIAS ANFIPÁTICAS
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Ácidos grasos                     T
                                                                           SATURADOS
                                                         Butírico (4:0)                   -6°C
                                                         Caproico (6:0)                   -3°C
                                                         Caprílico (8:0)                  17°C
                                                         Cáprico (10:0)                   32°C
                                                         Láurico (12:0)                   44°C
                                                        Mirístico (14:0)                  54°C
                                                        Palmítico (16:0)                  63°C
                                                        Esteárico (18:0)                  69°C
                                                       Araquídico (20:0)                  77°C

                                                      Lignocérico (24:0)                  84°C

                                                                      INSATURADOS (cis)
                                                                       Monoinsaturados
                                                     Miristoleico (14:1Δ9)                -4°C

                                                     Palmitoleico (16:1Δ9)                1°C
                                                        Oleico (18:1Δ9)                   13°C




                                                        Poliinsaturados
                                                     Linoleico (18:2Δ9,12)                -5°C

                                                   α-Linolénico (18:3Δ9,12,15)            -11°C


PROPIEDADES DE LOS ÁCIDOS GRASOS:       Araquidónico (20:4Δ5,8,11,14)
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PUNTO DE FUSIÓN
Propiedades de los ácidos
    grasos: Reactividad
•   CON ÁLCALIS




•   CON ALCOHOLES




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LÍPIDOS
SAPONÍFICABLES



                            REACCIÓN DE
                            SAPONIFICACIÓN




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SAPONIFICACIÓN DE TRIACILGLICÉRIDOS




                   HIDRÓLISIS DE TRIACILGLICÉRIDOS
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LÍPIDOS DE MENBRANA




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LÍPIDOS NO
SAPONÍFICABLES



                            NO PRODUCEN REACCIÓN DE
                            SAPONIFICACIÓN




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http://ies.rayuela.mostoles.educa.madrid.org/depto
s/dbiogeo/recursos/Apuntes/ApuntesBioBach2/1-
Bioquimica/Lipidos.htm
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Bioquímica 1