Hannes Astok is the Deputy Director of Strategy & Development at the e-Governance Academy in Estonia. He has over 20 years of experience in Estonian politics and government, including as a member of parliament. The e-Governance Academy is a non-profit organization that was established in 2002 to help build open digital societies and has provided training to over 5,500 participants from 130+ countries. Estonia has developed a highly secure digital ecosystem for e-government services based on principles of strong digital identity, interoperable data exchange between systems, and accessible digital databases. This ecosystem underpins online access to over 500 government services.
2. Hannes Astok
• 2011 - eGovernment expert,
Deputy Director,
e-Governance Academy
• 2007-2011 – Member of the
Estonian Parliament
• 2005 - Programme Director,
Municipal and Regional
eGovernance, e-
Governance Academy
• 1998-2005 Deputy Mayor,
Tartu City Government
4. e-Governance Academy
• An independent and mission-based: non-profit,
non-governmental, non-academic.
• Jointly brought into existence by UNDP, Open
Society Institute and Estonian Government.
11. Analog and digital elements of e-Government
ANALOG ELEMENTS
Legislation & regulations
Sustainable organization
Change management
Political will
DIGITAL ELEMENTS
Digital databases
Interoperability
Digital Identity
Document exchange
Services portal
Cyber security
Sectoral solutions
17. Online versus Offline
Service
Time spent on e-
service (min)
Time spent on offline
service (min)
Time savings
(min)
Establishing a
company
30 510 480
VAT declaration 7 68 61
Tax declaration 10 78 68
i-Voting 6 44 38
In minutes. Source: e-Estonia.com
21. • Unique numeric identifiers for citizens, businesses,
real estate, land parcels, etc.
• Unique numeric identifiers are used across the
government for all transactions
• Once only. Citizens never have to provide the same
information twice.
• No duplicated data in the databases
Principles
22. • Central registry of databases metadata and online
services
• Clear data ownership
• Data is owned by the citizen
• Each authority is responsible for own database quality
Principles 2
28. • Backbone of the Estonian government
• 17 years of active duty, no downtime from 2002
• 2600+services
• 1600+ interfaced information systems
• 1100+ connected institutions and enterprises
• 985 million transactions per year (2018)
Dashboard: https://www.x-tee.ee/factsheets/EE/#eng
29. X-Road
Population
Register
Adapter Server
Security Server
Vehicle
Register
Adapter Server
Security Server
Other
Register
Adapter Server
Security Server
Energy
Adapter Server
Security Server
Telecom
Adapter Server
Security Server
Banks
Adapter Server
Security Server
X - GIS
Adapter Server
Security Server
Document
Exchange
Centre
Adapter Server
Security Server
e-ID
Citizen
view
Enterpriser
view
Public
servant
view
PORTALS
e-Health, e-Police, e-Tax Board,
e-School, m-Parking, etc.
Admin
System of
State
Information
System
Adapter Server
Security ServerSecurity Server
TRUST
SERVICES
Certification
OCSP
Timestamping
Central
Server 2
Help Desk
Central Monitoring
Central
Server 1
Security Server
Internet Network
30. Principles
• Decentralized architecture
• No single point of failure
• Personal data protection
• Logging and timestamping of the transactions
• Legal value of the request and answer
31. Before paying out pensions
Pension
Authority
500,000 pension and
subsidy
payments/month
Civic Registry
Request: Are they alive?
(sending ID-numbers)
Automated response: Those 799 passed away
(response as ID numbers)
Time-stamped+digitally signed
X-Road
35. Digital ID and
Digital
Signature
Since 2002
Active ID-cards: 1 202 003
Active Mobil-ID: 213 257
Active Smart-ID : 422 782
Transactions yesterday: 1 739 232
Transactions last month: 35 505 233
Source: https://www.id.ee/?lang=en
,
9 April 2019
36. ID-card
since 2002
Two certificates on the chip:
1st for identification
2nd for digital signature
1st national document
Public e-services (e-Tax, e-Prescriptions etc)
Applying for driver license, social benefits
E-elections
Signing documents
Accessing grades and curriculum @ school
Bank transactions
Register a new business
Customer identification card, Bus ticket
37. mID
in SIM card
Doesn’t need software installed on PC
Doesn’t need web browser support
Works on any handset
Can be supported by any operator
Two certificates on the SIM card:
1st for identification
2nd for digital signature
38. mID
since 2007
All same services as eID
Trusted by the Government
213 000+ users (04/2019)
Over 40 M transaction in a year
30 transaction per user/month
500+ e-Services
39. SmartID
SIM-less mID from 2017
App in smartphone
Requires smartphone + connectivity
Fast, reliable, no cost for user
422,000 users in Estonia (04/2019
1,9 M users in Baltics (04/2019)
QSCD (Qualified Signature Creation
Device) Nov 2018
Certified by TÜViT (Germany)
45. Any benefits from eID and digital
signature?
5 working days saved by every citizen who
is using eID
It is 2% of working time
It is 2% of GDP
(2% of GDP goes for defense)
26.06.19
46. 2006: 0,5 million digital signatures
1 million digital autenthications
2010: 19,2 million digital signatures
33,7 million digital autenthications
2012: 31,9 million digital signatures
49,9 million digital autenthications
2016: 79 million digital signatures
102 million digital autenthications
Up to today: 730 million digital signatures
Statistics
47. Up to today: 730 million digital signatures
People and companies have saved
more than 1,46 billion € (2 € per signature)
Actual savings may be greater:
http://eturundus.eu/digital-signature/
http://eturundus.eu/digital-document/
Cost-Profit Calculators
54. Cyber security
• Complex issue: mixture of digital and analog
elements
• Roles and responsibilities in the government
• Technical measures
• Behavior of officials
• Awareness of the citizens
55. Key analog elements
• Legislation & Regulations
• Supportive organization
• Change management
• Political will