The document discusses open access in Spain. It notes that Spain has a strong position in the green open access route due to having an open access mandate in its 2011 Science Law and most universities having institutional repositories. However, only a small percentage of Spanish researchers' articles are actually available through this route. Recent recommendations at the Spanish and Catalan level aim to increase compliance with open access policies through deposit mandates and transparency around publishing costs. The document also outlines a proposed 2018 action plan among Catalan universities to further open access goals through offsetting agreements, breaking from restrictive publisher licenses, and making open access the default for researchers' articles. International collaboration is suggested to help push for full open access.

1. Open Access in Spain
mandate, situation
and
the current progressive approach
Lluís Anglada
Open Science director
(Consori de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)
18th SELL meeting
Tessalònica, Greece, May 6-7, 2018

2. The OA will arrive, but, when? how?

3. Outline
Spain: a strong position in the green path
The current situation of the OA in Spain
Recently approved recommendations at Spanish
level
Catalan recommendations & OA 2018 action plan
A possible international / SELL collaboration

4. Outline
Spain: a strong position in the green path
The current situation of the OA in Spain
Recently approved recommendations at Spanish
level
Catalan recommendations & OA 2018 action plan
A possible international / SELL collaboration

5. Spain: a strong position in the green path
 Spain has a very good position for being a 'green
country'
 Anticipation
• We celebrated an international meeting of
Mediterranean countries (Granada, 2010) to share
respective situations and agree on an action plan
 Mandate
• The Spanish Law of Science (2011) has a mandate that
requires depositing the scientific articles in institutional
or cooperative repositories
 Infrastructure
• Almost all universities (all the public ones) have their
own institutional repository and there are portals that
collect them (Recolecta, Hispana, Recercat... )

6. Spanish Law of Science (2011)
Art 37
...
2. Scientific articles resulting from
research carried out with public
funds must be made public:
• in subject or institutional
repositories
• as soon as possible, but no later
than 12 months after the date of
publication
6. With the conditions of:
• respecting the conditions of
journals for self-archiving
• respecting other rights.
But, after the Law, the Ministry
did not regulate how knowing
whether if the Law is respected

7. Fecyt, lley c ...
Science Law
Comisión de seguimiento sobre el grado de
cumplimiento del artículo 37 de la Ley de
ciencia = Commission for the monitoring on
the degree of compliance with Article 37 of
the Science Law
Article 37: OA

8. Outline
Spain: a strong position in the green path
The current situation of the OA in Spain
Recently approved recommendations at Spanish
level
Catalan recommendations & OA 2018 action plan
A possible international / SELL collaboration

9. Institutional repositories (Report Rebiun 2017)
• Almost all universities have
their own IR (53 IR)
• DSpace in the 89%
• Documents
2013: 232.461
2017: 1.228.345
• But (only) 282.385 (23%)
are journal articles
• Doctoral thesis are in IR in a
83,44%
• to deposit the thesis in
a IR is mandatory

10. Report (2016) by “Comisión de
seguimiento sobre el grado de
cumplimiento del artículo 37 de la Ley de
ciencia”
https://www.recolecta.fecyt.es/sites/default/files/conten
ido/documentos/CumplimientoOA.pdf
Only the 9%of the
articles granted by
national research plans
are deposited in open
access in institutional
repositories

11. EC letter (27 Mars 2017)
• Under Horizon 2020, each participant must
ensure open access to all peer reviewed
scientific publications relating to their results
• Participants can choose between two routes
towards open access, namely:
• Self-archiving (also referred to as 'green' open
access),
• Open access publishing (also referred to as 'gold'
open access)
• Currently, 68% of publications produced with
Horizon 2020 funding are subject to open access,
the majority through the green route.
• We need to reach 100% open access by 2020,
which is why I want to again draw your attention
to this obligation.
• The EC will continue to provide support for
OA to publications and it will also
strengthen the monitoring of compliance
• The EC foresees sanctions in case of non-
respect

12. The situation for a Spanish researcher
 The European Commission wants to have the 100% OA in 2020
• But there are deep differences between countries and disciplines
 In Europe, in a very general picture,
• most countries have opted for the green way;
• but countries with a strong publishing industry (and powerful research) opt
for the golden way (with payment of APCs) in gold and hybrid journals (UK,
Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Finland),
– In general with a strong support by the Government of rectors
 The dilemma for Spanish researchers is:
• to publish in IR with short embargo periods (it does not happen often),
• or to publish in pure gold journals (there are not many in JCR)
• or publish in hybrid journals (in most cases with payment and APC)
 But ..., an example: ICIQ (Tarragona)
• Produces about 170 articles a year
• 50% of the articles in the 1st decile journals (and 80% in the 1st Q journals)
• The cost per OA-APC (€ 2,500 / APC) = € 425,000 / year

13. Outline
Spain: a strong position in the green path
The current situation of the OA in Spain
Recently approved recommendations at Spanish
level
Catalan recommandations & OA 2018 action plan
A possible international / SELL collaboration

14. Recommendations (for universities, research centers, and
consortia)
https://www.recolecta.fecyt.es/sites/default/files/contenido/hoja-informativa-Enero-2018-EN.pdf
1. Monitoring compliance with open access publishing
2. Facilitate the deposit
3. Focusing on researchers regarding OA and new indicators
4. Transparency in journal subscription agreements and control
mechanisms
5. Contain the expense made in journals subscriptions

15. Recommendations
1. Measure compliance
• For an institution,
– degree of compliance = articles in the repository/articles published by the institution
• We need to distinguish between
– peer reviewed articles and other articles
– OA articles, articles under 'embargo’, or articles in access by subscription
2. Facilitate the deposit
• Self-archiving must be, for the researcher, a single and easy action
• IR must be interoperable
3. Researchers and evaluation
• Publish in AO should be encouraged
• Researchers must be trained in habits and skills that make it easy to publish in OA
• Authors should not assign the copyright to third parties (publishers)
• IR must be open to new indicators
4. Transparency
• The cost of journals subscriptions must be public
• Institutions need to establish mechanisms to know how many they are paying for
APCs

16. 14/12/2017 Reunión Mesa de Consorcios sobre el Open Access
Recomendaciones de la Comisión de Seguimiento para la implantación
del artículo 37 de la Ley de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación
Contain the expense made in journals subscriptions
1. There is enough money already to sustain the 21st century scientific communication system.
2. Renewals of subscription contracts can not have annual increases greater than those of the
national CPI.
• Increasing content or services must be offset by increased productivity derived from ICTs and
not by price increases
3. The content of journals older than 10 years should be considered amortized and discounted from
the price, in exchange for a moderate fee for access to the publisher platform.
4. Journals subscriptions must include the publication without payment APC for a specific number of
articles
5. Double dipping (by subscription and by APC), should not be allowed, independently of which
institution paid the APC for an item.
• Licenses must specify the cost reduction applied to the publication of OA articles by APC
payments made by any institution in the world.
6. Licenses should facilitate the self-archiving of articles that comply with the terms defined by article
37 of the Law of Science.

17. Outline
Spain: a strong position in the green path
The current situation of the OA in Spain
Recently approved recommendations at Spanish
level
Catalan recommendations & OA 2018 action plan
A possible international / SELL collaboration

18. Recommendations approved by the research Vicerectors of universities of
Catalonia (Nov. 2017)
 Containing the cost of the scientific communication system
• In contracting journal subscriptions it will be attempted not to accept annual increases in
costs that are above the Catalan retail price index.
• In order to avoid paying an extra cost for publishing, universities will create mechanisms that
allow them to monitor what they pay for open access publishing through APCs or
participation in open access publishing initiatives.
• It will be ensured that journal subscription agreements include vouchers for open access
publishing without payment of APCs for the principal researchers of the signatory
universities.
 Depositing scientific articles published by the academic community in the
institutional repositories of universities
• Universities will make it compulsory to deposit all scientific articles published by the academic
community in their institutional repositories. Priority should be given to open access
depositing, but if that is not possible, the works must be deposited with as short an embargo
period as the funders and publishers allow.
• Compliance with the mandatory deposit will be monitored and the results will be made public
 Promoting transparency
• Universities will make public all agreements for access to information resources reached with
publishers, as has been done in the Netherlands and in Finland.
• Universities will publicize the costs of the whole scientific communication system, including
those of access to resources and those of publication.

19. From speaking to acting
The objective is 100% OA, but, when? how?
• To get it, we need a policy, and our contradiction is that we still are not
ready to have one
• We are not driving or navigating the scholarly communication
transformation, we are skating and surfing in the OA landscape,
We need the consensus between
• more than 10 universities
• vice-rectors, managers, administrators, librarians, researchers
We need a feasible action plan, one that we can perform
• (not one that is nice to talk about)

20. OA 2018 Action Plan
 Offsetting:
• We will try to sign offsetting licenses with some (3-5) small publishers
 Breaking:
• We will do not sign licenses if the publishers ask us for abusive conditions
• We will need to prepare alternatives for access to the publisher content
 OA by default:
• We would like to convince universities in making mandatory the deposit of
all scientific articles published by the corresponding author of the
universities
• Embargos guaranties the compliance with journal policies
 Transparency:
• We want to make public the costs of subscriptions (like Holland and Finland
did)
• We will do it in an aggregate way

21. Outline
Spain: a strong position in the green path
The current situation of the OA in Spain
Recently approved recommendations at Spanish
level
Catalan recommendations & OA 2018 action plan
A possible international / SELL collaboration

22. A possible international / SELL collaboration
 It seems clear that the goal of 100% OA will be achieved by a hybrid road
• Deposits: institutional, thematic, funding agencies ...
• Journals: 'Gold', hybrids, alternative models ...
• Social networks of researchers
• The pressure of researchers for new evaluation models
• ...
 OA must be the first achievement of open science, and
• In some countries, OA is at the top of the research agenda and is receiving big
political and financial support
• In other countries, OA advocates are more alone, but we have the power to
push together and in the same direction
 Because we have points of agreement
• transparency
• no more money
• facilitate self-archiving

23. lluis.anglada@csuc.cat
@lluisanglada
http://www.csuc.cat
Many thanks
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