First Lecture at NAIST.

1. Human-Computer
Interaction
Lecture 1
Dr. Christian Sandor
9 December 2014

2. Why is Human-Computer
Interaction (HCI) Important?
• Protagoras (490 BC - 420 BC)
“Man is the measure of all things”
!
!
• HCI: Crucial for success
• Mobile devices: Apple vs Microsoft
• Search: Google vs Yahoo
• Shopping: Amazon

3. Goals of this Class
• Introduction to HCI
• Teaching you the Socratic Method
=> Essential for Research
Socrates (470 BC - 399 BC)

4. Class Introduction
• Format & Rules!
• Summaries of Papers
• Assignment of Papers to Students

5. Basic Idea
• We will discuss 12 papers in this class (download from course
homepage)
• All students are supposed to read all papers
• Every week, 2 papers are presented by students (40 min for each
paper)
• 10 min: summary of paper (25% of grade)
• 30 min: discussion (75% of grade)
• 20 min: presentation of your opinion
• 10 min: Q&A with the whole class, led by paper presenters

6. Timetable
• 9 December: Course Intro
• 16 December: Presentation of 2 Papers (by myself)
• 13 January: Conceptual Frameworks
• 20 January: Input Devices
• 27 January: Output Devices
• 3 February: Information Visualization
• 10 February: Virtual Reality
• 17 February: Augmented Reality

7. How to Summarize Papers?
• Movies > Images > Text
• 10 minutes are very short => you must practice!
• Big picture more important than details
• You will see several short examples later!

8. How to Present your
Opinion?
• Many ways are possible!
• General impression (e.g. errors, misspellings, bad
layout, etc.)
• Very useful: Ben Bederson’s (BB’s) list of questions
for judging papers
• You will see several short examples later!

9. BB’s Questions (1/2)
• What is the problem (specifically what tasks does it
solve)?
• What assumptions are made?
• Who are the intended users of the research?
• Have those users been involved in the design or
evaluation of the work (i.e., is the solution usable?)
• Is the solution scalable (how much data does it work
with)?

10. BB’s Questions (2/2)
• Is the solution generalizable (does the solution work in
other domains)?
• What is your favorite one line/sentence in the paper?
• What is wrong with the paper?
• What does the reference list show about the biases of
the authors?
• What would have been a better and more descriptive
title for the paper?

11. Class Introduction
• Format & Rules
• Summaries of Papers!
• Assignment of Papers to Students

12. As We May Think
(Bush 1945)
• Bold predictions of a leading
US scientist:
• Hypertext/Internet
• Wearable Computing
• Speech Recognition
• One of the most influential
articles ever written

13. Direct Manipulation:
A Step Beyond Programming Languages
(Shneiderman 1983)
• Intellectual foundation for WIMP
• Windows
• Icons
• Menus
• Pointer
• Highly influential paradigm
• PCs: still in use
• Phones/tablets: adapted

14. Video Browsing by Direct Manipulation
(Dragicevic 2007)

15. A Semantic Analysis of the Design Space
of Input Devices (Mackinlay 1990)
• Generic classification of input
devices
• Classification still applicable
to any input device!
• Essential conceptual tool for
thinking about input

16. A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional
Display
(Sutherland 1968)
• Heroic Work! First HMD!
• He developed/invented
• Optics of device
• Graphics card
• Head tracker
• Still very influential paper
• AR, VR
• Haptics

17. Reflex HMD to Compensate Lag and
Correction of Derivative Deformation
(Kijima 2002)
• 34 years later…
• Simple & important question:
how to remove latency in
HMDs?
• Key idea: fast & slow loop
• Oculus Rift also uses it!

18. Interactive Information Visualization of a
Million Items
(Fekete 2002)
• Very clear problem: how to
interactively explore 106 items
• Approach: extend Treemap
visualization (Johnson, 1991)
• Concepts useful for any
massive visualization

19. Halo: a Technique for Visualizing Off-
Screen Locations
(Baudisch 2003)
• Crucial problem for any small
screen (growing importance!)
• Key idea
• Circle segments
• Human capability of closure
finding
• Very instructive and useful
technique

20. Surround-Screen Projection-Based Virtual Reality:
The Design and Implementation of the CAVE
(Cruz-Neira 1993)
• Design and implementation of
the CAVE
• Immersive environment
• Projection on the sides of a
room-sized cube
• Several hundred CAVEs are
installed worldwide
• Name: refers to Plato’s republic
(Socrates’s student, see slide 3)
• My view: HMDs are better

21. Does a Gradual Transition to the Virtual
World increase Presence?
(Steinicke 2009)
• Problem: transitioning from
real to virtual world can be
stressful
• Cyber sickness
• Potentially stressful virtual
world
• Simple and good idea:
Gradual transition to help
users adapt

22. View Management for Virtual and
Augmented Reality (Bell 2001)
• How to place labels in 3D
environments?
• Key issues:
visibility and clarity
• Very general problem => huge
applicability!
• I saw this as a live demo in 2001
• Deeply impressed
• Visiting Columbia University
for 7 months in 2004

23. An Annotated Situation-Awareness
Aid for Augmented Reality (Bell 2002)
• How to inform user’s of things
in their environment?
• Approach:
• Transition: Virtual - Real
• World-in-Miniature (WIM)
• Labels: environment & WIM
• Extension of the previous
paper

24. Class Introduction
• Format & Rules
• Summaries of Papers
• Assignment of Papers to Students

25. Workflow
1. Please form 12 teams
2. Write on a piece of paper:
1. team name
2. top-3 choice of papers
3. Give your papers to me

26. Papers - Teams
1. As We May Think -
2. Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages -
3. Video Browsing by Direct Manipulation -
4. A Semantic Analysis of Design Space of Input Devices -
5. A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional Display -
6. Reflex HMD to Compensate Lag and Correction of Derivative Deformation -
7. Interactive Information Visualization of a Million Items -
8. Halo: a Technique for Visualizing Off-Screen Locations -
9. Surround-Screen Projection-Based Virtual Reality: The Design and Implementation of the CAVE -
10. Does a Gradual Transition to the Virtual World increase Presence? -
11. View Management for Virtual and Augmented Reality -
12. An Annotated Situation-Awareness Aid for Augmented Reality