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ADVANCED SUPPORT IN ACUTE
LIVER FAILURE
Alexandra Rowell
Intensivist
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth WA
OUTLINE
• Advanced liver supports
• CVVHDF
• MARS
• SPAD
• Plasmaphoresis
ACUTE LIVER
FAILURE
• Acute liver injury
• Encephalopathy
• Impaired synthetic function
• No pre-existing liver disease
ROLE OF THE LIVER
• Synthesis
• Heat production
• Detoxification
• Regulation
CVVHDF
• Instituted early in ALF patients
• Ammonia clearance, management of acidosis and metabolic
abnormalities
• Continuous rather than intermittent – avoid fluctuations
• Dose
• Anticoagulation
LIVER SUPPORT SYSTEMS
• ARTIFICIAL
• MARS – molecular adsorbent recirculating system
• SPAD – single pass albumin dialysis
• Prometheus
• SEPET
• BIOARTIFICIAL
• ELAD – extracorporeal liver assist device
• BAL- bioartificial liver
• MELS – modular extracorporeal liver support
• HYBRID
MOLECULAR ADSORBENT
RECIRCULATING SYSTEM
• Developed in 1993 then used clinically
since 1999
• CVVHDF
• 2-4% albumin dialysis
• 3 filter system
MARS
Yet to show true survival benefit
RCT - Saliba et al. 2013
- no survival benefit
- most only had one treatment
Expensive and needs specialist centre
SINGLE
PASS
ALBUMIN
DIALYSIS
SPAD
• CVVHDF
• Standard membrane
• 2% albumin dialysate used
• Can be done in most units
• 1 bottle 20% albumin per hour
Image MIMS
SPAD
• As good at clearing bilirubin as MARS
• Easier
• Optimal dose and concentration unknown
• No large studies of SPAD vs SMT
SPAD VS
MARS VS
CVVHDF
• MARS – more widely studied
• SPAD – cheaper depending on concentration
• CVVHDF - effective ammonia reduction
HIGH VOLUME PLASMA EXCHANGE
• Rationale: removal of cytokines from plasma, attenuates innate immune
activation which decreases multiorgan dysfunction
• RCT 2016 (Larson et al.) :
• 3 days of high volume plasma exchange
• Improved survival in patients who don’t receive a transplant
• Review in 2020 (Tan et. al.): improved survival in ALF and ACLF
SUMMARY
• CRRT is familiar/ relatively easy
• MARS most widely studied and useful in centres that are familiar with it
• SPAD can be done easily, less evidence
• No mortality benefit for any but fairly safe for bridging to transplant
• Plasma exchange – mortality benefit in non-transplant candidates, use
early
THANKYOU

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Advanced support of Acute Liver Injury

  • 1. ADVANCED SUPPORT IN ACUTE LIVER FAILURE Alexandra Rowell Intensivist Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth WA
  • 2.
  • 3. OUTLINE • Advanced liver supports • CVVHDF • MARS • SPAD • Plasmaphoresis
  • 4. ACUTE LIVER FAILURE • Acute liver injury • Encephalopathy • Impaired synthetic function • No pre-existing liver disease
  • 5. ROLE OF THE LIVER • Synthesis • Heat production • Detoxification • Regulation
  • 6. CVVHDF • Instituted early in ALF patients • Ammonia clearance, management of acidosis and metabolic abnormalities • Continuous rather than intermittent – avoid fluctuations • Dose • Anticoagulation
  • 7. LIVER SUPPORT SYSTEMS • ARTIFICIAL • MARS – molecular adsorbent recirculating system • SPAD – single pass albumin dialysis • Prometheus • SEPET • BIOARTIFICIAL • ELAD – extracorporeal liver assist device • BAL- bioartificial liver • MELS – modular extracorporeal liver support • HYBRID
  • 8. MOLECULAR ADSORBENT RECIRCULATING SYSTEM • Developed in 1993 then used clinically since 1999 • CVVHDF • 2-4% albumin dialysis • 3 filter system
  • 9.
  • 10. MARS Yet to show true survival benefit RCT - Saliba et al. 2013 - no survival benefit - most only had one treatment Expensive and needs specialist centre
  • 12. SPAD • CVVHDF • Standard membrane • 2% albumin dialysate used • Can be done in most units • 1 bottle 20% albumin per hour Image MIMS
  • 13. SPAD • As good at clearing bilirubin as MARS • Easier • Optimal dose and concentration unknown • No large studies of SPAD vs SMT
  • 14. SPAD VS MARS VS CVVHDF • MARS – more widely studied • SPAD – cheaper depending on concentration • CVVHDF - effective ammonia reduction
  • 15. HIGH VOLUME PLASMA EXCHANGE • Rationale: removal of cytokines from plasma, attenuates innate immune activation which decreases multiorgan dysfunction • RCT 2016 (Larson et al.) : • 3 days of high volume plasma exchange • Improved survival in patients who don’t receive a transplant • Review in 2020 (Tan et. al.): improved survival in ALF and ACLF
  • 16. SUMMARY • CRRT is familiar/ relatively easy • MARS most widely studied and useful in centres that are familiar with it • SPAD can be done easily, less evidence • No mortality benefit for any but fairly safe for bridging to transplant • Plasma exchange – mortality benefit in non-transplant candidates, use early