1. Ecology - C. 18
The study of the interactions between
organisms and the living and
nonliving components of their
environment.

2. Levels of Organization
• Biosphere-everything living
• Ecosystem-living and
nonliving in an area
• Community-group of
populations
• Population- # same species in
an area
• Organism-an individual
Theme:
Interconnectedness.
No organism is
isolated!

3. Coevolution of Species

4. Population Dynamics
Population: Members of the same species living
in a particular place at the same time.

5. Measuring Population Density:
The Mark-Recapture Method
Formula for calculating
population size:
N = (M * C) / R
N = population size
M = individuals marked
on first sampling effort
C = individuals marked
on second sampling effort
R = individuals captured
both times

6. Distribution

7. Measuring Populations
• Demographics-study of population dynamics.
How populations grow and what factors limit
growth.
• Per Capita Growth: BR-DR = GR

8. Models of Growth
• Exponential Growth • Logistic Growth

9. Exponential Growth of
Bacteria

10. Logistic Growth
Fur Seals on Saint Paul Island, off the coast of Alaska

11. Limiting Factors & Carrying Capacity

12. Population Cycles: Predation

13. Human Population Growth

14. Survivorship Curves

15. Ecosystem Components
• Abiotic Factors: non-living components
such as sunlight, water, temperature, wind,
natural disasters and rocks and soil.
• Biotic Factors: living components (or biota)
such as plants, animals, and
microorganisms.

16. Communities- C. 19
• All interacting organisms living in one area.

17. Biodiversity
• The biodiversity of an area is
a way of describing how
many different organisms live
there
• Low biodiversity is a major
problem that can occur to
decrease the aesthetic and/or
utilitarian value of an
ecosystem
• A variety of indices can be
used to describe an area’s
biodiversity

18. Invasive Species
• An invasive species is one Dutch Elm Disease
that when brought to a new
area or part of an area is
likely to cause or will cause
environmental harm
• Most often, the harm caused
is a loss of biodiversity or
loss of some other species
• An exotic or alien species is
one that is not native to an
area

19. Species Interactions

20. Examples of Species Interactions
•Mutualism
• Commensalism •Parasitism

21. Keystone Species

22. Competition
Competitive Exclusion
Resource Partitioning, Anolis
lizards

23. Creating or Repairing: Succession

24. Succession
in Iceland

25. Periodic Disturbances
Increased sunlight and soil nutrients released from the tress that burned
in a forest fire in Yellowstone National Park greatly contributed to the
recolonization of the land.

26. Energy in Ecosystems

27. Food Chain

28. Food Web

29. Trophic Levels

30. Energy Pyramids

31. Carbon Cycle

32. Nitrogen Cycle

33. Where do Organisms Live?
Climate is a major Influence

34. Biomes: In General

35. Tropical Rain Forest

36. Temperate Deciduous Forest

37. Taiga

38. Savanna

39. Temperate Grassland

40. Chaparral

41. Desert

42. Tundra

44. Lakes

45. River

46. Wetland

47. Estuary

48. Intertidal
Zone

49. Oceans

50. Coral Reefs

51. Benthic Zone