Physical Education Syllabus Class 11

Syllabus- 2022
Sub- Physical
Education (048)
Class- 11
UNIT 9
PSYCHOLOGY
&
SPORTS
BY- DEBASISH
SAHA
B.P.E, B.P.Ed,

SUB-UNITS
9.1 Definition & Importance of Psychology in Physical Education
& Sports
9.2 Adolescent Problems & Their Management
9.3 Team Cohesion and Sports
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9.1 Definition & Importance of Psychology in
Physical Education & Sports
Psychology
Meaning - The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially
those affecting behaviour in a given context.
- The mental characteristics or attitude of a person or group.
Definition - Psychology is the study of behaviour and the mind.
- A person with a condition that affects their mental health may benefit
from assessment and treatment with a psychologist.

Psychology + Sports= Sports Psychology
The word psychology refers to the study of human behaviour and sports
psychology denotes a sub-category of psychology that deals with the behavior
of athletes and teams engaged in competitive sports.
Psychology and sports deals with positive behavior of sportsperson during
training and competition period to increase performance.
It guides coaches and player to give individual attention regarding various
method and various motivation techniques.

Sports Psychology
Definitions
According to John D. Lawther, “Sports psychology is an area which attempts to
apply psychological facts and principles of learning performance and associated
human behaviour in the field of sports.”
According to Brown and Mahoney, “Sports psychology is the application of
psychological principles to sports and physical activity, at all levels of skill
improvement.”

Importance Of Psychology In Physical Education & Sports
Analyses the behavior of sportsmen identifies talent for specific sports.
Creates a better learning situation.
Stabilizes the performance of athletes for a longer period.
Encourages players to make a comeback in professional sports.
Is important from the research point of view.

‘Adolescence’ is derived from the Latin word 'adolescere' which means 'to grow to
maturity'.
In fact, it is a period of uncertain beginning and ending that cannot be dated exactly.
But, generally, it begins at the age of 12 and may continue up to the age of 18.
This age is started by changes in our glands of internal secretion not only in the sex
glands but other glands also.
According to Sadler, "Adolescence is that period in which a child tries to become
capable of doing everything by himself.“
According to Jersield, "Adolescence is the period through which a growing person
makes transition from childhood to maturity.“

THE SIX MAJOR AGE GROUPS
 HAVIGHURST'S developmental task model includes six stages of life:
I) Infancy and early childhood from birth to age 5,
II) Middle childhood between ages 6 and 12,
III) Adolescence between ages 13 and 18,
IV) Early adulthood between ages 19 and 30,
V) Middle adulthood from age 30 to age 60,
VI) Later maturity, which is after age 60.

According to Stanley Hall, "Adolescence is the period of great stress and strain, storm
and strife." In fact, it is a period of fast growth and development. Although, they lack
mental and social maturity, yet they feel and try to act like grown-ups.
It means that a child of this age group tends to be self-dependent.
During this period, many physical (extraordinary increase in weight, height, bones,
muscles, and in strength), physiological, mental, social, and emotional changes take
place.

Owing to various changes, children of this age group face many problems; indeed, it is very
delicate period of their life. The major problems, which adolescents face, are given below :-
(i) Physical Problems
(ii) Mental Problems
(iii) Problem of Aggressive Behaviour
(iv) Lack of Stability and Adjustment
(v) Emotional Problems
(vi) Problems Related to Sex
(vii) Problems of Self-support
(viii) Feeling of Importance
(ix) Social Problems

(i) Physical Problems : During adolescence, many bodily or physical changes take place. Menstruation and
nightfall become a phenomenon for girls and boys respectively. Development of sex glands takes place.
Due to these changes, adolescents feel restless and worried.
(ii) Mental Problems : During this age, stress, tension and strife are common. These traits create many
mental problems. An adolescent faces many problems such as difficulty in co-operating with others,
anxiety maladjustment, etc.
(iii) Problem of Aggressive Behaviour: In this age group, children tend to show aggressive behaviour. They
become aggressive on small matters. They become irritated easily. When they are asked to do certain
activity, they become repulsive. They try to become hero.
(iv) Lack of Stability and Adjustment : An adolescent does not remain stable and he faces adjustment
problem. His behaviour does not remain content. He feels himself unable to adjust with other people. He
fails to co-ordinate with others. Not only outside but he cannot adjust himself in his family. He cannot co-
operate with his family members. He feels that he is under pressure of his parents. He wants to have free
atmosphere at home.

(v) Emotional Problems: The life of an adolescent is full of emotions. Under such emotions, he performs
some uphill task, which seems to be impossible in the beginning. Rose says, "The adolescent lives intensely
emotional life, in which we can see once more the rhythm of positive and negative phases of behaviour in
his constant alternation between intense excitement and deep depression. " Sometimes, the adolescent
becomes so excited that he considers himself to be at the top of the world and, sometimes, he finds,
himself in a state of depression. He feels himself emotionally disturbed.
(vi) Problems Related to Sex : During adolescence, children face many problems, which are related to sex.
They try to meet the opposite sex. Sometimes, they become so eager that they do not hesitate to leave
their family. They feel restless due to their sexual urge.
(vii) Problems of Self-support: Each and every adolescent needs self-support. He/she wants to make
his/her own place in the society. He/she desires to live a fruitful life. The adolescent desires to find his
place in the world. The desire is a genuine need and refers to the need for self-support. He/she faces the
problems of carrier selection. He/she does not want to depend upon his/her family members. He/she
remains in between dependence and independence.”

(viii) Feeling of Importance: An adolescent begins to understand himself important. He/she thinks that
he/she should also get respect. But, sometimes, parents do not take it seriously. They fail to understand
the feelings of adolescent. That’s why he/she feels himself unimportant and it becomes a great problem.
(ix) Social Problems: It has been observed that adolescents want to adopt their own way, but society
creates many hindrances in their paths. So, adolescents revolt against the social customs and traditions.
Friends are very important for this age group. They share their views, knowledge and experience and
hence, sometimes, the group acts as the medium of spreading social vices and dis-satisfaction. If this
group gets proper guidance, it is the best institution for developing sociability, confidence and
comprehension. These adolescents fall prey to intoxication, i.e., alcohol, drugs and smoking. Management
of Adolescence Problems.

The following suggestions can be beneficial for the management of problems of the adolescence:
(i) Education for Motor Development- An adolescent should be provided the education for his motor
development. He should be encouraged to play various games and sports. Through games and sports, his
motor development will take place properly.
(ii) Education of Psychology- Teachers and parents should have the basic knowledge of psychology. They
should be able to understand the mindset of an adolescent because many problems can be solved by an
adolescent himself.
(iii) Vocational guidance- Teachers should provide vocational guidance to the adolescents. This guidance
should be provided keeping in view their intelligence, capabilities, aptitude and interest.
(iv) Moral and Religious Education- Moral and Religious Education should be provided to adolescents.
Religious and moral education will give them mental peace. Through this some problems like indiscipline,
anxiety and, worry can be tackled easily.
(v) To provide suitable environment- Adolescents should be provided suitable environment for growth
and development. They should be provided with proper facilities and opportunities for proper
development. They should be provided balanced diet, should be taught how to behave and should be
provided suitable and healthy environment.

Team Cohesion in sports
- Team Cohesion refers to a “Dynamic process which is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick
together and remain united in the achieving goals and objectives”.
- Team Cohesion depends on how well a team works together and importance for a sports team to be
successful.
- Successful team cohesion in sports depends on every individual of the team, their viewpoint and
involvement towards their team and the objective set out to achieve together.
- The famous phrase of “there is no I in team” applies here.
- For Example-
*The success of football/soccer teams such as Liverpool or the success of New Zealand’s rugby team is
based on how well the individual athletes perform and also how successful the team is working
together.

Uses Of Team Cohesion in sports
- Team Cohesion is very important and useful especially in a sport which is played as a team. As it can both
Improve performance and motivate a team when a well coordinated team comes in the ring they can
achieve success. If a team goes well together, it improves their team cohesion, this turn improves
performance.
Tuckman, B.W. (1965) discusses the four main stages of
team cohesion:-
i) Forming
ii) Storming
iii) Norming
iv) Performing
TEAM
COHESION
IN
SPORT

Improve Team Cohesion in sports
- A sports coach or manager is responsible for developing and improving their teams cohesion and
motivating the whole team to work well together.
i) First, clearly set goals for the team to achieve is important to exactly know the target to be achieved.
ii) Secondly, set goals for each individual in the team. To meet all the team first to decide
the team goals and ensure all group members have task assigned and feel valued. This improves the
internal motivation of the team and individuals within the team.
iii) Thirdly, ensure to provide a feedback to team as a whole and the players individually. Regularly ask for
opinions of your players and listen to any suggestions for them. This will again make them feel valued.
However, make sure to give any criticism privately.
iv) Establishing the right environment for the players.

Physical Education Syllabus Class 11

Physical Education Syllabus Class 11

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