PowerPoint Presentation(PPT) on SCADA This PPT includes: * What is Scada * Applications of Scada * Need of Scada * Components of Scada * Objectives of Scada * Why Scada is used/ Where is the SCADA system used * What is controlled by SCADA in Power sysem * Advantages & Disadvantages * How SCADA works? * Working Procedure of SCADA Thanks for visiting my slide

1. SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA
ACQUISITION (SCADA)
By- DEEPESH

2. SCADA
SCADA
A Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is a
common industrial process automation system which is used to collect
data from instruments and sensors located at remote sites and to transmit
data at a central site for either monitoring or controlling purpose.
By collecting and monitoring real-time data, SCADA software shows an
overview of how each key equipment in the plant is performing. Sensors
on the equipment send signals through remote terminal units (RTUs)
and programmable logic controllers(PLC). RTUs and PLCs give the
supervisory control and data acquisition system the ability to pinpoint
anomalies in system functions based on the collected data, thereby
allowing the user to promptly take action on the issue.
What is
a
Scada System?

3. APPLICATIONS OF SCADA
IN POWER SYSTEM
As the power system deals with power generation, transmission and distribution
sectors, monitoring is the main aspect in all these areas. Thus the SCADA
implementation of power system improves the overall efficiency of the system
for optimizing, supervising and controlling the generation and transmission
systems. SCADA function in the power system network provides greater system
reliability and stability for integrated grid operation.

4. NEED OF SCADA
• Monitor the system
• Control the system and check the required performance
• Store data of all operation for further use
• Improves efficiency, operation, minimizing routine check or remote site
• Provide alarm system, use to diagnose the fault from central point and overcome the fault in
fast mode without damage the other equipment
• Visualization of all operation by graphical representation

5. COMPONENTS
OF SCADA
A SCADA system usually consists of the following main
elements:
• Supervisory Computers.
• Remote Terminal Units.
• Programmable Logic controllers.
• Human-machine interface.

6. SUPERVISORY
SYSTEM/
COMPUTER
6
The supervisory system works like a communication server
among the human-machine interface software within the
control room of workstations as well as its apparatus such as
RTUs, Sensors, PLCs, etc.

7. RTU
A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-
controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in
the physical world to a distributed control system or
SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition)
system by transmitting telemetry data to a master
system, and by using messages from the master
supervisory system to control connected objects.
Another term that may be used for RTU is Remote
Telecontrol Unit.

8. PLC
A Programmable Logic Controller(PLC) or programmable
controller is a digital computer used for automation of
typically industrial electromechanical process, such as
control of machinery on factory assembly lines amusement
rides or light fixtures. PLC are used in many industries and
machines.
WHY PLC?
• To reduce human efforts.
• To get maximum efficiency from machine and control
them with human logic.
• To reduce complex circuitry of entire system.
• To eliminate the high costs associated with inflexible,
relay-controlled systems.

9. HUMAN MACHINE
INTERFACE
Human Machine Interface is commonly known as HMI are
deployed for control and visualization interface between a human
and a process machine, application and appliance. Increasingly,
HMIs are becoming an integral part of Factory Automation.

10. OBJECTIVES OF SCADA
1. Monitor: SCADA systems continuously monitor the physical parameters
2. Measure: It measures the parameter for processing
3. Data Acquisition: It acquires data from RTUs (Remote Terminal Units), data loggers, etc.
4. Data Communication: It helps to communicate and transmit a large amount of data
between MTU and RTU units
5. Controlling: Online real-time monitoring and controlling of the process
6. Automation: It helps for automatic transmission and functionality

11. FUNCTIONS OF SCADA
SYSTEM
SCADA systems perform several functions that allow for proper management of remote facilities.
The following are the core functions of a SCADA system.
1. Data Acquisition
The collection of SCADA data frequently involves some kind of analog to digital conversion.
Temperature is converted to degrees Celsius. Transmit signal strength is converted to dBm.
Channel quality is measured in errored seconds.

12. 2. Networked Data Communication
The collected data is transmitted either spontaneously or in response to a request for data to
some kind of upstream consolidator or master. The communication channel can be analog
(T202, POTS) or digital (RS485, TCP/IP). SCADA network topology typically also includes
some kind of transport validation independent of any content validation.
3. Data Presentation
The collected data is processed, organized and presented for system operators to make
appropriate response and control decisions. The presentation can vary from tabular
presentation of logged events to graphical presentation against mapping or image
backgrounds.
4. Control
If control decisions are warranted and the system supports output, appropriate commands
can be dispatched to affect specific operational or configuration changes. Most control
actions are performed by RTUs and PLCs.

13. WHAT IS CONTROL BY
SCADA IN POWER SYSTEM
• Tap Changer
• Switching Devices
• Shunt Capacitor/Reactor
• Generator Set Points
• Excitation and Power Output
• Sequential Control

14. WHY IS SCADA USED?
SCADA systems are used to control and monitor physical processes, examples of which are
transmission of electricity, transportation of gas and oil in pipelines, water distribution, traffic
lights, and other systems used as the basis of modern society.
WHERE IS SCADA SYSTEM
USED?
Some of the industries that use SCADA in their daily operations include water and
wastewater systems, electric generation, transmission and distribution systems and oil and
gas systems. Manufacturing plants, food production facilities and mass transit systems also
rely heavily on SCADA.

15. ADVANTAGE
The advantages of the SCADA system include the following.
• The quality of service can be improved
•Maintenance cost is less
• The operation can be reduced
• Large system parameters can be monitored
• Manpower can be reduced
• Repair time can be reduced
• Fault detection & fault localization
• It stores a large amount of data
• As per the user requirement, it displays the data in various formats.
• Gives fast response
• The SCADA system is able to operate in critical situations.

16. DISADVANTAGES
The disadvantages of the SCADA system include the following.
• It is complex in terms of dependent modules & hardware units.
• It needs analysts, programmers & skilled operators to maintain
• High installation cost
• Unemployment rates can be increased
• This system supports hardware devices and restricted software’s

17. HOW SCADA WORKS?
As mentioned earlier, think of SCADA software as a bridge that links equipment with operators
and maintenance personnel. The SCADA system requires some key components to facilitate this
transmission of data from the physical equipment to the operator’s display screen. This, in turn,
allows maintenance technicians to perform certain tasks or monitor and control asset behavior
along the way.
Some typical SCADA tasks include checking sensors and other devices that may be installed at
remote substations or monitoring and control stations, tracking machine system events for future
reference, and changing the level or speed of industrial processes from a central spot.
In essence, modern SCADA systems allow technicians to stay in one spot, yet extend their virtual
reach to many different assets, locations, and systems. The automation presented by SCADA
systems allows greater efficiency and better decision making for the management team, leading
to greater productivity, increased safety, and revenue generation.

18. WORKING PROCEDURE OF
SCADA SYSTEM
The primary functions of SCADA systems can be broken down as follows. These functions are
performed through a combination of sensors, RTUs, controllers and communication networks.
• Data acquisitions:
Real world systems consist of thousands of nodes, making their management a challenging
task. It is vital to have precise information about the status of particular sensors. The accuracy
of control systems depends on the quality of data acquisition.

19. • Data communications
SCADA systems may use wired or wireless communication technologies between devices
and users. Real-time systems have sensors and devices spread over a wide geographical
area, making wireless networks the norm. Moreover, for SCADA systems that manage
multiple remote areas, internet communications may also be utilized. Generally, SCADA
systems have specific protocols and communication takes place through VPNs to prevent
intrusions.
• Information/data presentation

20. THANK YOU
- DEEPESH