1. Estimation of Emissions
Using International Vehicle
Emission (IVE) Model for
Delhi
Presented by-
Dhirendra Mishra
Entry No.2009ASZ8538
Supervision by-
Prof. Pramila Goyal
Center for Atmospheric Sciences
Indian Institute of technology
Delhi

2. 2
Preface
 IVE functions as a tool to help cities and
regions develop emissions estimates to:
i. Focus control strategies and transportation
planning on those that are most effective;
ii. Predict how different strategies will affect
local emissions; and
iii. Measure progress in reducing emissions over
time.

3. There are three critical components necessary
to develop accurate mobile source emissions
inventories:
a. vehicle emission rates;
b. vehicle activity; and
c. vehicle fleet
d. distribution.

4. 4
IVE Model Development
• Estimates criteria, toxic and global warming gases
from on-road mobile sources
• Corrects for ambient and operating conditions
• Free downloadable from the website:
www.issrc.org/ive
• Input files also available for download:
– Vehicle Technology Distribution Files
– Driving Pattern and Local Parameter Files
– Local Emission Rate files (optional)

5. 5
IVE Model Development - Structure

6. 6
IVE User’s Interface

7. 7
IVE Vehicle & Fuel Categories
• Classes:
– Passenger Vehicles, 2 wheelers, 3 wheelers, taxis, light
and heavy trucks, buses. Variety of age and
maintenance conditions
• Fuels:
– Gasoline, Diesel, Propane, Natural Gas, Ethanol (OEM
and retrofitted), Electric. Varying sulfur, lead and
oxygenate levels
• Technologies:
– 2 stroke, 4 stroke, air/fuel controls, exhaust controls,
etc.

8. 8
IVE Driving Behavior
• IVE model designed to incorporate effects for any driving
pattern
• Currently based on VSP and engine stress
• Flexibility in the model will allow to upgrade model
parameters as new methods become available
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 5 10 15 20
IVE Bin (Vehicle Power Demand)
EmissionsMultiplier
SaoPaulo(117)
IVE(117)
Emission Variation
with VSP

9. 9
IVE Model Output
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hour of Day
Emissions(tons/hour)
Evaporative
Running
Start

10. 10
Data Collection Methods
• Data Collection in Two areas:
– Vehicle Activity (VA)
– Vehicle Emissions (VE)
• Each field study lasts 2 weeks
• Basic Emissions Inventory created for all
pollutants at the end of the studies
• Irregularities and data gaps identified for
further research

11. 11
VA Field Study: Technology Distribution
& VKT
• Historically, registration and
I/M data used
• Missing/ Out of Date,
Reflects Static Fleet
• Solution: Measure real
world fleet fraction
– Identify representative
sample of roadways
– Enter data for various areas
and times of days

12. 12
Summary
• IVE allows analysis of the impacts of fleet technology,
traffic flow, and fuel modifications on criteria
pollutants, toxics, and global warming gases.
• Highly successful in producing an initial mobile source
inventory for urban areas, along with guidelines for
improving the inventory.
• Local universities/government are educated in the use
of the IVE model, the rational and techniques of data
collection, and the importance of using the proper
methods of estimating mobile source emissions.
• Additional field studies continuing this work are
currently underway in China, Africa, Latin America

13. • Measure of the average amount of a
specific pollutant or material discharged into
the atmosphere by a
specific process, fuel, equipment, or source.
It is expressed as number of pounds (or
kilograms) of particulate per ton (or metri
ton) of the material or fuel.