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1. Tenses

2. Simple Present tense
• used to:
3. Express information or a fact which is true all the
time.
e.g.: The earth is round.
All mammals are warm-blooded creatures.
Syazana is a qualified engineer.
I am a student.
Cats are cute and fluffy.

3. 2. To give information which is true at the time
of speaking.
e.g.:I have ten ringgit in my purse
They live in Kedah.
I am a student in MSU, Shah Alam.
We are from the Faculty of Business
Management and Professional Studies.

4. 3. Show a repeated or habitual action.
e.g.: Badrul walks to campus everyday.
My mother waters the plants every
morning and evening.
We go to class everyday.
My family and I are at the park every
Sunday morning.

5. Rules to form simple present tense:
Base
S.P.T Rules Examples
form
Open Opens Zahrin walks to
Add –s to most
Walk Walks school everyday.
regular verbs
Teach Teaches Add –es to verbs Mdm. Sarina
Fetch Fetches which end with teaches I.T in
–ch, -sh, and –ss college.
Study Studies Change to -ies Yassin cries when
cry Cries for verbs ending he lost his house in
with -y the fire

6. be verb…
Base form S.P.T Examples
be Am: only with “I am a freelance
singular subject I journalist” said Sheena.
Is: Only with
singular subjects The Tugu Negara is a
EXCEPT I national monument built
Are: Only with to commemorate our
plural subjects heroes.
and the subject
you You are one of the
successful candidates.

7. Negative Form of the Simple Present
Tense
e verb:
m- am not
am not the one to take care of him
s- is not

8. Action verb:
• Listen- do not listen/ does not listen
• Jump- do not jump/does not jump
• Agree- do not agree/does not agree
Do: used with I, you and plural subjects.
Does: used with singular subjects

9. Forming question using Simple
Present Tense
be verb:
be verb+subject+(the rest of the question)
examples:
• Am I in this group?
• Is she at home?
• Are you ready for the presentation?

10. Action verb:
Do/Does+subject+base verb+(the rest of the
question)
Examples:
• Does Ben surfs the internet every night?
• Do Amrita and Sangeeta go to the club?

11. Simple Past Tense
sed to:
Describe an action/activity that not only started
but also ended in the past.
The action completed at a specific time in the past)
alaysia gained independence in 1957.

12. Forming Simple Past Tense
e verb:
as: used with singular subjects and the subject I
.g.:
I was impressed by his performance yesterday.
Ahmad was in the class 10 minutes ago.

13. ction verb:
egular Verbs
. Add –ed to most regular verb
xample:

14. 2. Add –d to verbs which have already end with
–e
Example:
Dance-Danced
They danced at the festival last night.
Walk-walked
I walked to school yesterday.

15. 3. If the verbs end with –y and a consonant
precedes the –y, change the –y into –ied.
Cry-cried
The boy cried last night
Simplify-simplified
 The teacher simplified the formula for the
students yesterday.

16. rregular Verbs:
There are no specific rules or pattern.
ou will have to memorise the changes for the
past tense of these verbs.
.g.:

17. Negative form of Simple Past Tense
e Verbs:
asWas not
he child was not happy to receive the gift.
ere Were not

18. Action Verbs:
Did+not+verb
e.g.:
• Ben did not surf the Internet until late last
night.
• Krish and Ravi did not go to Australia last
week.
• The wedding gown did not cost RM 2000.

19. Forming question using Simple Past
Tense
e Verb:
e verb+subject+(the rest of the question)
as the child happy to receive the gift?
as he impressed by the performance?

20. Action Verb:
Did+subject+base verb+(question)
Examples:
Did Ben Surf the Internet last night?
Did he come to class?
Did the gown cost RM2000?

21. Present Continuous Tense
used to:
1. Express any activities or situation which are
happening:
• At the moment of speaking
• Over a period of time
 Some of the time expressions used with this
tense are still, now, at present, currently, and
at the moment.

22. e.g.:
• I am making the cake and my sister is
preparing the icing.
• Mrs. Lam is feeding her cat.
• At the moment, the florist is arranging the
flowers.
P.C.T is used to indicate the action started some
time in the past, is in progress now and will
probably end in the future.

23. Negative Form of Present Continuous
Tense
m/is/are+not+verb+-ing
xamples:
iti is not reading now.

24. Forming question using Present
Continuous Tense
be verb+subject+verb+-ing+(rest of the
question)
Am I interrupting your discussion?
Is Jean talking on the phone?
Are the customers buying our new products?

25. Past Continuous Tense
sed to :
. describe an action/activity that was in progress at
a particular time in the past.
The action/activity had started but had not been
completed at that particular time.
Usually used with time expressions like:

26. e.g.:
• The school gardener was sweeping leaves in
the school compound from four to six o’clock
yesterday afternoon.
• The students were studying for their
examinations the whole of last month.
• The workers were very busy renovating the
building from June to September.

27. . To describe two or more actions that were in
progress at the same time in the past.
e.g.:
Ahmad was working in the garden when
his wife was cooking in the kitchen.
The clerk was typing the reports and the

28. 3. To describe action/activity that was still in
progress when another activity took place.
simple past tense: activity that occurred while
the first activity is still in progress.
e.g.:
• Shahirah was telling a joke when the teacher
called him.
• The reporter was interviewing the minister
when the photographer took a picture.

29. HOWEVER!
• If the first action was completed before the
second action, simple past tense should be
used for both actions.
 When the director arrived, the meeting
started
 When the show ended, we left the hall.

30. Forming Past continuous tense
as+(verb+-ing)
ere+(verb+-ing)
.g.:
Hiking-
Aishah was hiking in Taman Negara when she
came across a 20-foot python.

31. Negative form of Past Continuous
Tense
as+not+(verb+-ing)
ere+not+(verb+-ing)
.g.:
he detective was not watching the house the
whole night.

32. Simple Future Tense
Used to:
• To express an action or a situation that will
occur at the same time in the future (any time
after the moment of speaking).
*when we want to express an action that will
happen in the future, we usually indicate it by
the following time expressions:
• In a few minutes next year/month/week
• In two weeks/month this semester
• Tomorrow next Sunday

33. e.g.:
• Colline will move to her new home next
month.
• I will purchase the tickets this afternoon.
• The manager will attend the meeting shortly.
• My parents will move to their new house
next week.
• Aisha and Adam will start packing tonight.

34. 2. To express habitual action in the future
e.g.:
• He will coach the football players for the
next two months.
• Razman will be in the UK for the next two
weeks.

35. 3. To express instant decision
(When we decide on something or agree to
do it at the moment of speaking)
e.g.:
The phone is ringing. I will get it.
I have no plans for this evening. I know, I
will call Suzie over for coffee.
We will come to the party tonight.

36. 4. To express offers, invitations, and promises
e.g.:
I will carry your bags.
Will you come to Japan with me?
I will do my homework right away.

37. Forming simple future tense using
“will/be going to”
• The simple future tense can be expressed in
the following verb forms:
• Will/shall
• Be going to

38. ill/Shall+ verb (in present tense)
.g.:
e will visit Aunt Mary tomorrow
hey will study the subject tonight
shall cook dinner for my family tomorrow

39. Negative form of Simple Future Tense
Will + not + (verb)
Shall + not + (verb)
e.g.:
• The lecturer will not return the test papers
tomorrow.
• Shahida will not come to the party tonight.
• I shall not do that to her.

40. Forming questions using simple
future tense
ill + subject +verb + question?
.g:
ill she meet me tomorrow?

41. Using “be going to” to express the future…
• Be going to is used to show future activities,
predictions based on foreseen and current
situations and strong intentions.
Am + going to + verb
Is + going to + verb
Are +going to + verb
 subject + ‘be’ going to + verb

42. e.g.:
I need money. I am going to sell my
motorbike this week.
Sharifah is a hardworking student. I am sure
she is going to make it to the dean’s list.
The twins’ room looks very messy. They are
going to clean it up this weekend.

43. Negative form of “be” going to…
m + not + going to + verb
s + not + going to + verb
re + not + going + to
subject + “be” verb + not + going to + verb
.g.:

44. Forming question using “be” going to…
“be” verb + subject + going to + question
e.g:
• Am I going to pick you up after work?
• Are you going to join us for lunch?
• Is she going to let him go this time?
• Are they going to accept this as a mistake and
not putting the blame on me?

45. Present Perfect Tense
Has/have + past participle
Base Present Perfect Examples
Form
Has + cleaned Nurul Has cleaned her room.
Nurul and her sisters have cleaned
Clean
Have + cleaned their rooms
I have mailed the letter
Has + been Farisya has been to Hong Kong several
times
Be They have been to Hong Kong several
Have + been times
You have asked that question twice.

46.  Used to:
1. Describe and activity/situation that occurred in the
past. The time it happened is not important and
need not be mentioned. The activity is connected to
now.
e.g.:
 The droning of the aeroplane has awakened the
baby.
 I have put the icing and the cherries on the cake.

47. 2. To describe an activity/event which began at
specific time in the past and continues to
now.
Since: activity started at a particular time in the past
and has continued until now.
For: to show how long an action has taken place
from the past until now.
e.g.:
 I have been awake since 5 a.m. this morning
 I have been awake for four hours.
 I have been working here since 2009.

48. 3. To show an activity that happened in the past.
The time expressions used do not show
specific time.
 Use recently and lately
e.g.:
• Recently, the prices of goods have remained
high.
• It has been so hot lately.
• I have been coming to class early lately.

49. 4. To describe repeated actions in the past
which are likely to continue in the future.
Use so far and up to now
e.g.:
• So far, they have had three concerts to raise
funds for the orphans.
• Up to now, she has submitted five of her
lattest designs to the lecturer.

50. 5. To describe an activity that started in the past
but has not been completed. The –ve form of the
tense is used. The activity may be completed in
the future.
Use still and yet
e.g.:
• Ilham has been in Karate class since 8 this
morning. It is noon now and he has still not
returned home.
• Aisha has taken a piece of paper on how to write
to her penpal. However, she has not yet written
anything on it.

51. 6. To show an activity that has neither happened at
any time in the past nor at the time of speaking.
The negative form of the tense is used.
Use never and ever. Never ever: to emphasize
that it has not happened at all.
e.g.:
The twins have never attended dancing class.
They have never liked acting.
Karimah has never ever met her real parents.

52. Negative Form of Present Perfect Tense
Has/Have + not + past participle
Base Present Perfect Examples
Form Tense
Fulfil Has + not + fulfilled Faris has not fulfilled his
ambition
Paint Have + not + They have not painted
painted the old fence yet.

53. Forming questions using present perfect tense
Has/have + subject + verb (past participle) + Q
e.g.:
Has Razak cleaned the mess in the kitchen?
Have they made the phone call to their
parents?

54. Difference between SPT and PPT
Simple Past Tense Present Perfect Tense
She checked out if the hotel She has just checked out of
yesterday afternoon the hotel
They bought a lot of They have bought a lot of
souvenirs when they were in souvenirs
Canada
A thief stole her purse last A thief has stolen her purse
night
She had a medical check up She has already had a
last week medical check up

55. Simple Past Tense are usually used with a
specific time.
Present Perfect Tense are usually used when
a specific time is not mentioned.

56. Past Perfect Tense
Had + verb(past participle)
e.g.:
Nancy had been a teacher before she became
a nurse
The doctor had arrived before the ambulance
My mother had forgotten her keys
After I had left the place, Sarina arrived

57. • Used to show an earlier action when we talk
about two actions in the past.
The earlier action: use Past Perfect.
The later action: use Simple Past.
• Use time expressions like before, after, when,
as soon as, by the time and until to show the
relationship between the earlier events and
the later ones.
• IF you use before or after is used, simply use
the Simple Past.

58. e.g.:
• Before I went to the Post Office, I had
deposited some money in the bank.
• When I arrived at her room, she told me that
nobody had come to visit her.
• By the time I reached home, the show had
already started.
• As soon as I arrived, the students told me that
they had already paid the fees.

59. Negative Forms of Past Perfect Tense
Had + not + verb (past participle)
The children has not gone to bed when I came
home
We had not finished cooking when the guests
arrived
As soon as I arrived at the school, the teacher
told me that he had not had the time to
collect the fees.