The document discusses the challenges facing global water management and agricultural production due to increasing population, changing diets, urbanization, and climate change. It notes that water scarcity already affects 1/3 of the world's population and will be exacerbated without improvements to water productivity. The document argues that increasing water productivity through better agricultural water management practices, upgrading rainfed systems, and improving irrigation infrastructure will be necessary to meet rising global food demand in a sustainable manner. Adaptive and integrated approaches that consider local context and political drivers are needed.

1. David Molden International Water Management Institute Building Resilience Through Better Agricultural Water Management

3. One liter of water produces one calorie on average Food Supply in Calories One liter of water produces one calorie on average

5. Investing in Irrigation Irrigated Area Food price index World Bank lending for irrigation 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 320 280 240 200 160 120 80 40 0 Living Planet Index Freshwater Species

7. Urbanization

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12. Water and Energy

13. Power Connection in Uttar Pradesh India Rapidly increasing demand for electricity connection in the domestic sector

14. Water for Biofuels Water use per liter of biofuel production Litres of ET Litres of Irrigation water China 3800 2500 India 4100 3500 US 1750 300 Brazil 2250 200

15. Energy in Nepal Hydropower in Nepal: Potential: 42,000 MW, Actual: 700 MW

17. Water Scarcity 2000 1/3 of the world’s population live in basins that have to deal with water scarcity

18. MOST HUNGRY AND POOR PEOPLE LIVE WHERE WATER CHALLENGES POSE A CONSTRAINT TO FOOD PRODUCTION Hunger Goal Indicator: Prevalence of undernourished in developing countries, percentage 2001/2002 (UNstat, 2005) 840 million malnourished people remaining

20. WHAT OF THE FUTURE?

21. Per capita meat demand (kg/cap/yr) USA projections data 2003 1961 2050 China India 140 20 120 100 40 60 80 World Meat consumption kg/cap/yr

22. How much more cereals? Food demand doubles over the next 50 years because of diet and population growth Water Needs (ET) will double – without water productivity gains

23. Based on IWMI WaterSim analysis for the CA Without Water Productivity Gains, crop consumption doubles by 2050 2050 Water Use – Today and 2050 No Water Productivity Gains Today

24. Water Use – Today and 2050 Based on WaterSim analysis for the CA Today CA Scenario No Water Productivity Gains CA Scenario: Policies for productivity gains, upgrading rainfed, revitalized irrigation, trade 2050

25. Climate Change Mitigation is about gases. Adaptation is about water.

27. Water storage mitigates variability Source: World Bank But need to re-think water storage: role of groundwater, and soil moisture, insurance Days of storage capacity Water Storage Mitigates Climate Variability

28. Policy Agenda – Where is there hope?

29. Consider A Range of Agricultural Water Management Options Fish, Livestock, Crops, Ecosystem Services

32. Productivity United States China Latin America Sub-Saharan Africa Maize yield (tons/hectare)

38. Thank You ! “ Anyone who can solve the problems of water will be worthy of two Nobel Prizes – one for peace and one for science” John F Kennedy