5. Memory
The power and process of
reproducing and recalling what has
been learned and retained
6. Types of Memory
Semantic: Words and Symbols
Implicit: How to
Remote: Data collected over time
Working: Extremely short-term, lasting
momentarily
Episodic: Recent experience
7. The way I learn affects how I
remembered…
Visual Learners
Write things down because you remember them
better
Copy over your notes. Rewriting helps
Use color
Write vocabulary words on index cards. Use
colors
8. The way I learn affects how I
remembered…
Auditory Learners
Try studying with somebody so you can talk
and hear the information
Recite out loud what you want to
remember
Write vocabulary words on index cards and
review them frequently by reading them
aloud
9. The way I learn affects how I
remembered…
Haptic Learner
To memorize, pace or walk around while
reciting or looking at a list
Close your eyes and write the information
in the air or on a desk.
10. You never forget…
Your brain never loses
anything
Forgetting: it is either
the inability to recall
stored information or the
failure to store
information in the first
place
The things that interest
you
11. We Remember
10% of what we read
20% of what we hear
30% of what we see
50% of what we see and hear
70% of what we say
90% of what we say and do
12. Process of Memory
Attention and Selection
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
13. Attention and Selection
The first process of memory is
attention. There is much more
information in your environment than
you can process at any given time. You
must make choices (conscious and
unconscious) regarding what you will
attend to and store in your memory
14. Encoding = Receiving information
How are memories formed?
It refers to translating incoming
information into a mental representation
that can be stored in memory
You can encode the information on a
number of different ways
According to sound (acoustic code)
What it looks like (visual code)
What it means (semantic code)
15. Storage = Retention of
information
It is the process of holding information in
your memory
Short-Term vs. Long-Term Memory
Transfer from Short to Long-term
Repeating the information
Practicing
Thinking about it deeply (elaborate) –
drawing connections between what you are
trying to remember and the other things
that you are familiar to you
16. Retrieval = recall or
recognition
It is the process of
actually remembering
something when you want
to
17. Memory Techniques
1. Learn from the general to the specific
2. Make it meaningful
3. Create associations
4. Learn it once, actively
5. Relax
6. Recite and repeat
18. Memory Techniques
7. Create pictures
- draw diagrams, mind maps
- create action
- make pictures vivid
- turn abstract ideas into
concrete actions or images
19. Memory Techniques
8. Write it down (outline, 3x5 cards, summary)
9. Reduce interference
10. Over learn
11. Escape the short-term memory trap
12. Use daylight
13. Distribute Learning
14. Be aware of attitudes
20. Memory Techniques
15. Choose what not to store in memory
16. Combine memory techniques
17. Remember something else
18. Notice when you do remember
19. Use it before you lose it
20. Remember, you never forget.
21. Grouping by category, alphabet,
chronological order
21. Memory Techniques
22. Create abbreviations
23. Visualize
24. Review
24 hrs after learning takes place
10 minute review reinforces one
hour class
periodically to move material
from short- to long-term memory
22. Mnemonics
Are methods for remembering
information that is otherwise
quite difficult to recall
A word or a sentence which is
intended to be easier to
remember than the thing it
stands for.
23. MNEMONIC DEVICES
Acronyms – words created from the
initial letters of a series of words
NASA : National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
Acrostics – sentences that help you
remember a series of letters that
stand for something
“Every Good Boy Does Fine (E,G,B,D and
F)
24. Mnemonic Devices
Rhymes and Songs – Make a rhyme or a
song of the facts
Alphabet (Twinkle, Twinkle little Star)
Loci Systems – creates visual
associations with familiar locations. It
can also help you remember things in a
particular order
Peg Systems – employs key words
represented by numbers
Example 1=bun, 2=shoe, 3=tree, 4=door
25. Remembering Names
Recite and repeat in
conversation
Ask the other person to recite
and repeat
Visualize
Admit you don’t know
Introduce yourself again
Use associations
26. Remembering Names
Limit the number of new
names you learn at one time
Ask for photos
Go early
Make it a game
