This document summarizes bronchoscopic lung volume reduction therapies for treating emphysema. It describes the pathophysiology of emphysema and indications for lung volume reduction surgery. Several minimally invasive bronchoscopic techniques are discussed, including endobronchial valves, thermal vapor ablation, airway bypass stents, and biological sealants. Endobronchial valves and thermal vapor ablation are best suited for treating heterogeneous emphysema, while airway bypass stents can target homogeneous emphysema. These bronchoscopic therapies provide alternatives to lung volume reduction surgery with fewer complications.

1. Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Therapy 2011 By Mohamed EL gamal Assistant lecture of chest medicine

8. Indications OF LVRS

10. Contraindications of LVRS !!!!

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