Hanspeter LINIGER "Adapting to climate change through sustainable land management: experiences of a pilot project in Tajikistan"
1. Adapting to climate change and
disaster risk reduction through SLM
Experience from pilot project in Tajikistan
Hanspeter Liniger, Bettina Wolfgramm
WOCAT
PPCR: Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (WB)
CAMP Kuhiston
2. Not enough rainfall …
… but increased floods followed by droughts tragedy of drylands
SLM practices need to be tolerant to climate extremes
Adaptation to climate change!!!
Photo: H.P. Liniger
3. Watershed Management, DRR, CC adaptation
Decision support for the selection of best/ good practices
Upper zone: Grazing land and forests
Middle zone: cropland, and mixed areas
Lower zone: settlements, cropland, grazing land
Promote productive and protective practices in 3
zones 3
4. Part I: Identification
Stakeholder Workshop 1
(2-3 days 1 day + field visit)
Methodology based on the ‚learning for sustainability‘
approach (LforS)
5. Technologies
Productive protection in extreme event
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6. SLM & climate change adaptation (PPCR Tajikistan)
> 70 SLM documentations: 46 Technologies and 24 Approaches
>
Conducted through participation of 14 organisations:
Tajik Soil Institute, CAMP Kuhiston, Pamir Biology Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, World Bank, ADB,
CARITAS Switzerland, MSDSP, CDE, Welthungerhilfe, GIZ, UNDP, Youth Ecological Centre, CESVI
WB project English Russian
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7. SLM knowledge
SLM technology
documented and presented in standardized WOCAT format
SLM approach
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12. Part III: Selection and decision
Stakeholder Workshop 2 (2 days 1 day)
Working through a series of steps to select good practices
13. Methodology: Part III
• Selection of options is based on
WOCAT&TajikCAT/CACAT)
database
• Scoring and decision
process is supported
by a software for multi-
objective decision
support (MODSS)
• Both tools are embedded into a
stakeholder workshop, continuing
the ‘learning for sustainability’
approach
14. Workshops and using documented SLM
• Part I – Identification:
Problems and possible solutions
• Part II – Assessment:
Document and evaluate existing solutions
(WOCAT database)
• Part III – Selection:
Select the most promising SLM
technologies and approaches
Approach: Involvement of all stakeholders
15. Major results from DRR-DS tool:
– Key: the water cycle on- and off-
site impacts
– High water losses in drylands
causing disasters: flood and
drought
– Discussion about investments in
upper to protect lower zones
– Productive Protection in all zones!!!
– Prevention rather than cure or
rehab
– Valuable / crucial contribution by
all stakeholders!!!
– Local solutions often available but
need up-scaling
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16. In-/near-/off-village concept
I. In-village – targeting the most vulnerable rural families
II. Near-village – growing a productive belt around villages
III. Off-village – intensify land use in the major production
areas
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17. WOCAT publication
10 Technology Groups No CC impact being addressed
Improved grazing land 4 Vegetation degradation
Irrigation infrastructure management 7 Water shortage
Water harvesting 3 Less frequent rainfalls
Soil productivity enhancement 7 Soil fertility decline
Cross-slope measures: 5 Heavy rainfall
onsite protection
Cross-slope measures: 4 Land slides due to extreme rainfalls
offsite protection
Agroforestry 10 Crop failure in monoculture systems
Planted and natural forest 3 Riverbank erosion
Tree belts 4 Wind erosion, change in microclimate
Indirect SLM measures 2 Desertification
Total number of WOCAT case 46 17
studies
18. Water harvesting: roof top rainwater harvesting stored
in polythene lined earth retention tank
In-Village
+ increased water availability improved production and diversification in
kitchen gardens
+ low-cost technology
+ less money spent to buy water
- only works if there is no extreme drought
Welthungerhilfe
19. Irrigation infrastructure management:
Cascading rock irrigation channel
Channelling water-runoff from mountain top to village Near- Off- Village
and slope stabilisation with poplar trees:
+ improved water harvesting
crop diversification downstream, crop yield, clean drinking water
+ windbreak decreased wind erosion
+ wood production source of secondary income
CAMP
21. Conclusion
• Key role SLM in DRR and CC-Adaptation
• Land and water nexus
• Linking productive (local with protective (watershed)
• Building up on existing local experiences
combine with external knowledge
strengthen the decision capacities
• Enhance land users knowledge and participation
• Key role of land scape approach and the village
concept
• KM DS to be build into project right from the start
• Many disasters are human made!!!
22. … join us!
The Flood
www.wocat.net
Comparing
Saving cow…
Orchards
Energy saving
Notas del editor
While Section 1, assesses the existing problems of agriculture in Tajikistan and how these problems might increase with climate change, Section 2 presents land management practices that have proven sustainable, or are promising in being resilient against climate change. Over the last 5 months, we have worked on an inventory of SLM in Tajikistan. Together with 14 governmental and non-governmental organisations 46 land management technologies and 24 approaches to improve land management, have been documented using the WOCAT tools (questionnaires and online database). The collection of case studies is presented here today in the form of a folder. You can find all the case studies also on the CD-Rom, which was distributed. All the organisations which have contributed with a documentation will receive a colour copy for free. We are also happy to sell the folder to interested organisations, please place your orders with Zarina, for example in the coffee break.