Privacy is the desire of a person to control the disclosure of personal information. Privacy protection is important to prevent unintended disclosure, maintain social boundaries, help build trust and prevent online harms

1. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Contextual Integrity for
Argumentation-based Privacy Reasoning
Gideon Ogunniye 1 Nadin Kökciyan 2
1Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy,
University College London, London, UK
2School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
June 6, 2023
Gideon Ogunniye , Nadin Kökciyan Contextual Integrity for Argumentation-based Privacy Reasoning
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2. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Overview
1 Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
2 Privacy as Contextual Integrity
3 Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
4 Conclusion & Further Work
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3. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Overview
1 Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
2 Privacy as Contextual Integrity
3 Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
4 Conclusion & Further Work
Gideon Ogunniye , Nadin Kökciyan Contextual Integrity for Argumentation-based Privacy Reasoning
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4. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
What is privacy?
The desire of a person to
control the disclosure of
personal information
Sensitive information on
Online Social Networks
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5. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Why privacy protection?
To prevent unintended
disclosure
Helps maintain social
boundaries
Helps build trust
Weakening privacy will
fuel online harms
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6. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Why privacy protection?
To prevent unintended
disclosure
Helps maintain social
boundaries
Helps build trust
Weakening privacy will
fuel online harms
Social privacy risks
Gideon Ogunniye , Nadin Kökciyan Contextual Integrity for Argumentation-based Privacy Reasoning
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7. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy protection: how it is now
The default privacy
settings for OSNs are
permissive
Users do not change
default settings
99% Twitter users
80% Facebook users
When they do, they get
it wrong
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8. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy protection: how it is now
The default privacy
settings for OSNs are
permissive
Users do not change
default settings
99% Twitter users
80% Facebook users
When they do, they get
it wrong
IoT ecosystem: more
devices, new risks
Gideon Ogunniye , Nadin Kökciyan Contextual Integrity for Argumentation-based Privacy Reasoning
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9. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy protection: how it is now
The default privacy
settings for OSNs are
permissive
Users do not change
default settings
99% Twitter users
80% Facebook users
When they do, they get
it wrong
IoT ecosystem: more
devices, new risks
What do we need?
An automated privacy assistant that captures user context and
helps a user to share data that is appropriate for a particular
audience.
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10. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Overview
1 Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
2 Privacy as Contextual Integrity
3 Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
4 Conclusion & Further Work
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11. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Contextual integrity (CI)1 understands privacy in a social
context, by defining norms that govern appropriate
information flows
1 Nissenbaum, H. (2004). Privacy as contextual integrity. Wash. L. Rev., 79, 119.
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12. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Overview
1 Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
2 Privacy as Contextual Integrity
3 Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
4 Conclusion & Further Work
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13. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Modelling Privacy Policy Reasoning
1 PROCI ontology
provides a formal
language to represent
privacy contexts
2 We employ an
Argumentation theory
(ASPIC+)a to model
negotiation and
persuasion between
agents to resolve
conflicts of opinions
aSanjay Modgil and Henry Prakken.
2014. The ASPIC+ framework for structured
argumentation: a tutorial. Argument
Computation 5, 1 (2014), 31–62
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14. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
PROCI models about 34
privacy concepts (classes
and properties) and 155
axioms
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15. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
PROCI models about 34
privacy concepts (classes
and properties) and 155
axioms
Examples of classes (concepts):
User, ThirdParty, Information
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16. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
PROCI models about 34
privacy concepts (classes
and properties) and 155
axioms
Examples of classes (concepts):
User, ThirdParty, Information
Examples of object properties:
hasRole, owns, hasAccess
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17. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
PROCI models about 34
privacy concepts (classes
and properties) and 155
axioms
Examples of classes (concepts):
User, ThirdParty, Information
Examples of object properties:
hasRole, owns, hasAccess
Examples of axioms:
DisjointClasses( a:User
a:ThirdParty ) No object can be
both a user and a third party.
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18. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
PROCI models about 34
privacy concepts (classes
and properties) and 155
axioms
Examples of classes (concepts):
User, ThirdParty, Information
Examples of object properties:
hasRole, owns, hasAccess
Examples of axioms:
DisjointClasses( a:User
a:ThirdParty ) No object can be
both a user and a third party.
An example of privacy rule:
owns(:bob, :bob-mobile),
inEMContext(:bob, :alice),
hasAR(:alice, :bob-mobile) →
allow(:alice,:bob-mobile)
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19. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Argumentation-based dialogues
Computational Argumentation is
a popular AI reasoning
mechanism for both individual
and distributed, agent-based,
reasoning.
Reasoning about contexts,
norms, preferences etc which
is often defeasible.
Communication between
multiple agents
Information exchange
involving explanation
Collaboration, negotiation
and persuasion to resolve
conflict of opinions
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20. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Example
There is a gas explosion reported near Bob’s residence. Alice is
worried about Bob and wants to access his location. This access
request results in a dialogue between Bob and his agent bob-a
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21. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Example
There is a gas explosion reported near Bob’s residence. Alice is
worried about Bob and wants to access his location. This access
request results in a dialogue between Bob and his agent bob-a
Gideon Ogunniye , Nadin Kökciyan Contextual Integrity for Argumentation-based Privacy Reasoning
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22. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
Example
There is a gas explosion reported near Bob’s residence. Alice is
worried about Bob and wants to access his location. This access
request results in a dialogue between Bob and his agent bob-a
Gideon Ogunniye , Nadin Kökciyan Contextual Integrity for Argumentation-based Privacy Reasoning
13 / 16

23. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Overview
1 Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
2 Privacy as Contextual Integrity
3 Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Privacy Ontology based on Contextual Integrity
Argumentation-based Dialogue Framework
4 Conclusion & Further Work
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24. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Conclusion & Further work
We proposed an agent-based framework to handle privacy
policy reasoning in social contexts
Our framework builds on the theory of contextual integrity to
represent social contexts
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25. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Conclusion & Further work
We proposed an agent-based framework to handle privacy
policy reasoning in social contexts
Our framework builds on the theory of contextual integrity to
represent social contexts
Further Work
Incorporate machine learning (e.g., reinforcement learning)
to learn access, inference, and privacy rules.
Develop a chatbot to manage the dialogue model of our
framework
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26. Motivation: Why Context Matters in Privacy
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
Agent-based Framework for Privacy Policy Reasoning
Conclusion & Further Work
Thank You!
Gideon Ogunniye g.ogunniye@ucl.ac.uk
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