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Services Marketing Lovelock Chapter 01
1.
SERVICES MARKETING Christopher Lovelock Paul Patterson Rhett
Walker PowerPoint to accompany 3
2.
Chapter 1 Understanding Services
3.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 3 Chapter 1 Objectives Identify reasons for changes occurring in the economy Distinguish between goods and services Describe key tasks and challenges facing service marketers Explain expanded ‘mix’ for services
4.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 4 Services Defined An act or performance (or experience) which is essentially intangible and does not result in ownership of anything Economic activities that add time, place or form utility (value) Something that may be bought or sold but cannot be dropped on your foot Service might include the process of selling telecommunications, health treatment, financial, hospitality, car rental, air travel, and professional services.
5.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 5 Service Marketing Defined
6.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 6 The Importance of Services in the Asia- Pacific Region The output of services now accounts for 70-80% of the GDP of highly developed countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Singapore. Services are key to the economies of developing nations such as Thailand, Malaysia, China and Indonesia where they account for up to 50% of the GDP. In the next ten years, 90-95% of all new jobs in highly developed countries are expected to be in the services sector. In Bangladesh it is close to 40% (Telco, FI, Restaurant, Hospital)
7.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 7 McKinsey and Coy’s Three Horizons of National Development First horizon: the nation’s core products. Second horizon: recently introduced services that are expected to grow in the medium term. Third horizon: services in the embryonic stages of development which represent future growth potential (exports, job growth and GDP).
8.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 8 Typical Industries of the Three Horizons Horizon 1: Physical goods, Agriculture, Mining, Manufacturing, Metals, Chemicals etc. Horizon 2: Services such as Communications, Retail, Tourism, Finance, Transport, Construction, Hospitality, Personal Services, Business Services etc. Horizon 3: Information and Knowledge based Biotechnology and health, New information technology
9.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 9 Services as Performance Service delivery is like staging a play (Concert by a celebrity) The service providers or personnel are the play’s performers or actors The service consumers or customers are the audience (Grove, Fiske and Bitner (1992)
10.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 10 The Diversity of Services Large commercial corporations e.g. banking, airlines, insurance, telecommunications, hotel chains, transport, consultants etc. Smaller corporations e.g. restaurants, laundries, taxis, travel agents, optometrists and many business to business professional services etc. Franchises e.g. Fast food chains, hotels, tax preparation services etc (University different campus)
11.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 11 Value Added Utilities Time based utility: airlines, car hire, cleaning and maintenance services etc. Place based utility: distribution, retailing, telecommunications, serviced offices etc. Form based utility: medical, hairdressing, investment management, sports and leisure etc. Problem solving utility: consulting, research services, legal services, IT services etc.
12.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 12 Multidimensional Services Most services are multidimensional with both tangible and intangible elements- such as a meal in a restaurant, bed in a hotel or medical supplies used during a hospital stay. Few services are without tangibles elements (playing song) and few goods are without a service component.
13.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 13 Figure 1.5 The dominance of tangible versus intangible elements in goods and services
14.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 14 Factors responsible for the transformation of the service economy (Figure 1.7) Internationalisation (e.g. ‘Hollowing out’ effect, Increased services trade, Global customers) Government Regulation (e.g. Deregulation/ privatisation (Airline Sector in BD), Social Changes (e.g. Increased customer expectations, Increased affluence and leisure time, More women in the workforce)
15.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 15 Factors responsible for the transformation of the service economy (Figure 1.7) Business trends (e.g. Relaxation of professional association standards, Marketing emphasis by non – profit organisations, Outsourcing of non-core services, Services quality movement, Franchising and service chains) Advances in technology (Convergence of computers and telecommunications, Miniaturisation, Digitalisation, Enhanced software)
16.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 16 Characteristics of Services Intangibility (lawyer suggestion) Inseparability of production and consumption (Hair dresser) Heterogeneity (Class Lecture) Perishability (Concert Ticket)
17.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 17 Differences between Goods and Services (Table 1.1) Customers do not obtain ownership of the intangible element of the service product (i.e. service personnel and their performance cannot be ‘owned’ by the customer). Service products are intangible performances (i.e. physical evidence of the purchase may be limited). There is greater involvement of customers in the production process (i.e. customers are part of the performance, they interact with the service provider).
18.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 18 Differences between Goods and Services (Table 1.1) It is more difficult to maintain quality standards of service products (i.e. individuals’ behaviour is hard to control and standardise). Many services are difficult for customers to evaluate (i.e. there may be elements of personal taste, experience, ability and mood that affect customers’ evaluation).
19.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 19 Differences between Goods and Services (Table 1.1) Absence of inventories for services (i.e. no use for unsold stock, difficult to deal with sudden increases in demand). Importance of time factor (i.e. many services are delivered in real time so the consumer and provider must be together for the service to occur). Delivery systems may involve both electronic and physical channels (i.e. different needs for staff behaviour management).
20.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 20 The Traditional Marketing Mix (four Ps) Product Price Promotion Place
21.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 21 Figure 1.12 An expanded marketing mix for services Customers Price Place & Time Promotion Product (Service)People Process Physical Evidence Customers Pricecustomers Place, Cyber- space & Time
22.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 22 The Additional Marketing Mix Elements for Services People: direct contact between customers and service personnel, some services involve high levels of contact, high levels of trust and dependency. Physical evidence: this may be an actual physical component or a cue to indicate or represent the existence quality of the service purchased (often referred to as ‘Servicescape’). Process: the order and/or system of service delivery.
23.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 23 Keys to Success in Service Businesses Understanding that service is a time bound performance comprising core products and supplementary services. Recognising the importance of understanding and managing the operational processes. Understanding the customer’s role in the service transaction.
24.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 24 Core and Supplementary Service Elements Provision of a Hotel Room Food & Beverages Reservations Reception Housekeeping Leisure and entertainmentsAdvice and information Admin. and Accounts Concierge Problem Solving
25.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 25 Keys to Success in Service Businesses Seeking distinctive market positions for competitive strength. Understanding and offering what target customers perceive to be superior value. Managing contact between customers and service personnel. Understanding the role of technology in service delivery.
26.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 26 Internal marketing Traditional marketing OrganisationOrganisation EmployeesEmployees CustomersCustomers Satisfaction; Quality; Brand Loyalty Relationship management A framework for analysing services marketing (Figure 1.13)
27.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 27 The Actions of Efficient Companies Evaluate and select market segments. Research customer needs and preferences. Monitor competitors’ performance, strategies, strengths and weaknesses. Tailor the product to suit the chosen market segment
28.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 28 The Actions of Efficient Companies Set prices to reflect costs, competitive strategies and consumer sensitivity to different price levels. Tailor location, and scheduling of service availability to customers’ needs and preferences.
29.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 29 The Actions of Efficient Companies Develop communication strategies, using appropriate media to transmit messages that inform prospective customers about the service and promote its advantages. Develop performance standards and measures. Create programs for rewarding and reinforcing customer loyalty.
30.
Lovelock, Patterson, Walker:
Services Marketing 3e © 2004 Pearson Education Australia 30 Managing the 7Ps Requires Collaboration between Marketing, Operations, and HR Functions (Fig. 1.14) Customers Operations Management Marketing Management Human Resources Management
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