Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia: Diversity within Unity (Cottbus, Germany, May 2015)
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This is a presentation on traditional architecture of Saudi Arabia delivered by Prof. Hisham Mortada at Cottbus University, Germany, in May 2015.
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Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia: Diversity within Unity (Cottbus, Germany, May 2015)
- 1. Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia: Diversity within Unity Hisham Mortada Dept of Architecture King Abdul Aziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- 2. Saudi Arabia: Ancient History
- 3. Saudi Arabia: Ancient History
- 4. Regions: Culture & Environment
- 5. • Eastern Province Regions: Culture & Environment • Read Sea Coast & Tihama Plain • Najd • South-western Heights & Najran
- 6. 1. Read Sea Coast & Tihama Plain Jeddah Yanbu Duba Al-Wajh Umluj • Costal Cities:
- 8. City Gates: Mecca Gate, 1930 Jeddah
- 14. Woodwork: Rowshans & Mashrabias Jeddah
- 15. Woodwork: Rowshans & Mashrabias Jeddah
- 16. Woodwork: Rowshans & Mashrabias Jeddah
- 17. Jeddah
- 18. Woodwork: Doors with floral patterns Jeddah
- 19. Yanbu History, economic fame, & importance
- 20. Yanbu Building Materials: limestone, coral reef and wood
- 21. Yanbu Woodwork
- 22. Yanbu Woodwork
- 23. Yanbu Space and Façade Treatment
- 25. Umluj Simple low rise buildings
- 26. Umluj Spatial distribution of a typical house G. Floor Up. Floor
- 27. Umluj Building materials: limestone and coral reef
- 28. Umluj Roofing material: mangrove & palm tree trunks and leafs
- 31. Duba Woodwork
- 33. Al-Wajh Functional Plan of Two Domains
- 34. Read Sea Coast & Tihama Plain Medina Mecca Al-’Ula Taif Inland Cities:
- 35. Mecca
- 36. • The Quran • The Bible “Blessed is he the one passing through the Valley of Bacca making it a well; and the rain will filleth the pool” (Psalm 84:6) “The first house (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bacca, full of blessings and guidance for all kinds of beings” Origin of Mecca/Becca
- 37. Mecca during Prophet Abraham, 2000 BC
- 38. Plan of Mecca by Bokheart, 1814
- 39. Mecca City, 1888
- 40. Mecca Mosque toward the end of 19th Century
- 42. Traditional Architecture of Mecca
- 43. Traditional Architecture of Mecca
- 44. Traditional Architecture of Mecca
- 45. Traditional Architecture of Mecca
- 46. Medina
- 47. Medina Prophet’s Mosque, 7th century AD
- 48. Medina, 18th Century Medina, 1950s Medina
- 51. Medina Houses
- 52. Medina Houses
- 53. Medina Woodwork
- 58. Al-‘Ula Upper urban layer: Female circulation
- 59. Al-‘Ula Dwelling Setup G. Floor 1st Floor Roof Elv. Sec.
- 60. Al-‘Ula Dwelling Setup G. Floor 1st Floor Roof Elv. Sec.
- 64. Taif Walled city
- 65. Taif Inside the wall houses
- 66. Taif Inside the wall houses
- 67. Taif Outside the wall houses
- 68. Taif Outside the wall houses
- 69. Taif Outside the wall houses
- 70. Taif Outside the wall houses: Shobra Palace
- 71. 2. South-Western Highlands & Najran Albaha Asir Najran Jazan
- 72. Al-Baha
- 75. Al-Baha Zee Ein Village Animals Store Living Sleeping Sleeping Kitchen
- 77. Al-Baha Building materials: Massive stones
- 78. Al-Baha Building materials: Wood for ceiling elements (tar layered)
- 79. Al-Baha Building materials: Wood for columns, beams & windows
- 80. Al-Baha Building materials: Wood for doors
- 81. Al-Baha Building materials: Wood for doors
- 82. Asir Topography
- 83. Asir Topography
- 84. Asir Stone Buildings Mud Buildings
- 85. Asir Stone village Mud village
- 100. Asir Woman’s role
- 101. Jazan Island and Costal Type: Farasan Island and Sabia
- 102. Jazan Island and Costal Type: Farasan Island and Sabia
- 103. Jazan Island and Costal Type: Farasan Island and Sabia
- 104. Jazan Osha buildings: Gizan city
- 105. Jazan Gizan 1950s
- 106. Jazan Hut clusters
- 107. Jazan Hut structure
- 108. Jazan Hut interior
- 109. Jazan Mountain building style: Bani Malek and Fifa
- 110. Jazan Mountain building style: Bani Malek and Fifa
- 111. Najran Harmony between building material and surrounding environment
- 113. Najran
- 119. Desert Oases Najd
- 121. Dari’ah Integrated Compact Urban Form
- 122. Dari’ah Integrated Compact Urban Form
- 123. Dari’ah Integrated Compact Urban Form
- 124. Dari’ah City Wall
- 129. Airvents Dari’ah
- 131. Dari’ah Inwardness
- 133. Riyadh City Gates
- 134. Riyadh City Center: Al-Dera (market place)
- 135. Riyadh City Center: Governor Palace
- 138. Riyadh Doors
- 139. Riyadh Mosmak Palace
- 140. Riyadh Mosmak Palace
- 141. Qatif Hafouf 4. Eastern Province (Hassa)
- 143. Qatif Qatif, 1955
- 144. Qatif Urban Fabric
- 146. Qatif Arcade
- 147. Qatif Building Materials: Mud & Limestone
- 148. Qatif Building Materials: Palm & Mangrove Trees
- 149. Hafouf City Urban Form & Wall Kut
- 150. Hafouf City Gates & Towers
- 152. Hafouf The Kut from Outside
- 155. Hafouf Saad bin Jiluwi House
- 156. Documentation & Analysis of Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia
- 157. Documentation & Analysis of Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia (DATASA) • In 2009, KAU signed a scientific exchange agreement with Technical University of Vienna (TUV) to jointly conduct a research to document traditional architecture of Saudi Arabia. • Aims: • Technology transfer • Documenting traditional architecture of Saudi Arabia (space distribution, external treatment, construction materials and techniques, influencing factors, etc.)
- 158. Documentation & Analysis of Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia (DATASA) • VUT’s Responsibility: Training KAU’s students and faculty members on the use of the latest technologies (i.e. 3D laser scanning) of documenting historic buildings in Jeddah. • KAU Team’s Responsibility: Documenting traditional architecture throughout Saudi Arabia (except Jeddah) • Project Period: 36 months, starting May 2011 • Number of Participants: 25 faculty members and more than 60 students. • Achievement: Surveying the traditional architecture and urbanism of 104 cities, towns, villages and settlements in Saudi Arabia.
- 159. DATASA 1 5 4 3 2
- 160. R1. Red Sea Coast •Jeddah, Mecca, Medina, Taif, Yanbu, Ummluj, al-Wajeh, Duba, al-Ula, al-Qunfudah, Bani Hareth, al- Sa’ad, and Besan (13) R2. Southern Region •Al-Baha, Zee Ein, al-Malad, Rejal al-Ma’a, al-Khalaf, Khames Moshait, Sarat Obedah, al-Qara’ah, al- Harja, al-Shat, al-Salem, Ahad Rofaidah, Dhahran al-Janoub, Abha, al-Hoza, Najran, al-Ojam, al- Hedhen, Fefa, Bani Malik, Manef, Farasan Isalnds, Sabya, and Gezan (25) R3. Central Region •Riyadh, Dariyah, al-Hair, Sados, Oshaiqer, Shaqra, al-Kharj, Wadi al-Dawaser, al-Faow, Aslamyah, Horemla, Qasab, Raghbah, Hotat Bani Tamem, al-Ghat, al-Dawadmi, al-Majma’h, al-Dakhlah, al- Kharjah, Odet Sodair, Hotat Sodair, Rodat Sodair, Jalajel, al-Zolfi, Samnan, Alaqah, Layla, al-Bade’ al- Shamali, al-Bade’ al-Janobi, al-Seikh, Oyon al-Aflaj, Onayzah, Boraidah, Oyon al-Jewah, al-Mothnab, al-Khabrah, Maqsorat al-Soaylem, al-Rass, al-Bokeriayh, al-Badae’a, Hail, Jobah, al-Mostajadah, al- Ghazalah, al-Haet, and Fed (47) R4. Eastern Province •Dammam, al-Hafouf, al-Qatief, Taroot Island, Dareen, al-Oqair, al-Jobail, al-Mobaraz (8) R5. Northern Region •Sekakah, Domat al-Jandal, al-Qourayat, Kaf, al-Raslanyah, Eian al-Hawas, Ethrah, Manwah, Tabouk, Taima, and Rafha (11) DATASA
- 161. Surveyed Cities & Settlements
- 162. DATASA Scales: • Urban • Architecture Techniques: • 3D laser scanning • City analysis • Conventional means (measurement, drawing, sketching) • Photography • Video taping • GPS & thermal assessment • Interpretation • Oral history • Local resources
- 163. JEDDA H
- 164. TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning • Traditional Architecture Recorded by Means of Building Archaeology in Saudi Arabia (2011) 3D laser scanning (Historic Jeddah)
- 165. TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
- 166. TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
- 167. TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
- 168. TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
- 169. TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
- 170. TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
- 171. TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
- 172. TRABASA: 3D Laser Scanning
- 173. • Urban configuration, city wall and gates, street network, land uses, etc. Al-Ula Dhahran al-Janoub City Analysis
- 174. Yanbu City Analysis Al-Alaga Village • Urban configuration, city wall and gates, street network, land uses, etc.
- 175. Wadi al-Dawaser City Analysis • Urban configuration, city wall and gates, street network, land uses, etc. Domat al-Jandal
- 176. City Analysis • Urban configuration, city wall and gates, street network, land uses, etc. Domat al-Jandal Farasan Island
- 177. Conventional Means • Note taking, observation, measuring, sketching, and drawing
- 178. Spatial distribution, al- Aflaj Construction materials, Asir Construction technique, Oyon al-Jewa Conventional Means • Note taking, observation, measuring, sketching, and drawing
- 179. Conventional Means • Note taking, observation, measuring, sketching, and drawing
- 180. Al-Ghat Asir Yanbu Conventional Means • Note taking, observation, measuring, sketching, and drawing
- 181. Conventional Means • Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement) A house GF, Farasan Island A house elevation, Al-Qunfodah
- 182. Conventional Means • Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement) Yanbu Najran
- 183. Conventional Means • Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement) Al-Zafier, Baha Wadi al-Dawasir
- 184. Conventional Means • Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement) Kaf Palace, JoufA House GF, Horaimla
- 185. Conventional Means • Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement) A House GF, Manwah, JoufA House GF, Old Tabouk
- 186. Conventional Means • Resulted drawings (floor plans and sections for 2 houses of each settlement) Al-Nawar House, Historic Jeddah
- 187. Al-Ula Bani Malik, Jazan Taif Photographic Survey
- 188. Al-Zulfi Wadi al-Dawaser Video Taping
- 189. Al-Dariya (30 vs. 46°c) Al-Hair (30 vs. 62°c) Thermal Analysis
- 190. A surveyed dwelling, al-Dariayh GPS • Location definition using MotionX
- 191. Anad al-Ghoraidh House, Tabouk GPS • Location definition using MotionX
- 192. Wall remains, Hotat Bani Tamim GPS • Location definition using MotionX
- 193. Added floor, Umloj Integrated structure, Hail Interpretation • Architectural Scale
- 194. Half building, Hafuf Missing space, Duba Undefined courtyard, Hail Interpretation • Architectural Scale
- 195. Collapsed column, Hail Misplaced column, Oyon al-Jewa Unrecognized space use, Bani Malik, Jazan Cut beam, Umloj Interpretation • Architectural Scale
- 196. Cemented mud wall, al-Khobra Missing boundaries, Hail Lower openings, Maqsorat al-Swelem Interpretation • Architectural Scale
- 197. Original colour? Taif Incomplete Rowshan, Yanbu Foreign figures, Hail Interpretation • Architectural Scale
- 198. Ruined district, Alaga Unidentified commercial street, Dhahran al-Janob Interpretation • Urban Scale Ruined district, Yanbu Unidentified urban layout and foreign style, Sabya
- 199. Deserted settlement, Zulfi Unrecognizable urban layout, Aflaj Winding sabat, Qatif Interpretation • Urban Scale
- 200. • Urban aspects (wall, gates, major streets, land uses, etc.) • Architectural aspects (space usage, style, construction materials & techniques, master builders, source of construction materials, etc.) • Influencing factors (i.e. history, environment, economy, culture, etc.) Asir Aflaj Umloj Taif Oral History
- 202. Fed Al-Mothnab Al-Wajh Oral History
- 203. Kaf, Jouf Zolfi Al-Mostajedah Oral History
- 204. Dammam Al-GhatOshaiger Gezan Local Resources • Libraries & museums
- 205. Summary & Conclusions • DATASA is the first attempt in the history of Saudi Arabia to scientifically record and survey the traditional architecture of the country. • The results of the project will be delivered in the form of reports and published papers and books. Various internet media and documentary productions might be considered in future. • The members of the project team have painfully witnessed the vanishing of very precious buildings and entire settlements that are significant to the regional history and identity of Saudi Arabia. • Local communities have a fundamental responsibility in protecting the heritage they produced. Authority should raise public awareness to maintain local heritage.