This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.

1. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Ministry of Energy and Water
Water Resources Department
Sediment Management
Future Plans and achievements, River bank Protections

2. Contents:
 Sediment Formation & transportation
 Basics of Sediment Transport
 Sediment Sampling method in Afghanistan
 Sediment labs in five River Basin
 Suspended sediment analysis
 Activities has been done so for and future plan
 Land slid in Afghanistan
 River bank protection in Afghanistan
 Challenges in sediment section
 Sediment deposited in Afghanistan reservoirs

3. Existing/Planed AHS & Sediment Labs

4. Sediment can come from soil erosion or from the decomposition of plants
and animals. Wind, water and ice help carry these particles to rivers, lakes
and streams. The Environmental Protection Agency lists sediment as the
most common pollutant in rivers, streams, lakes and reservoirs.
Sediment is solid material that is moved and deposited in a new
location. Sediment can consist of rocks and minerals, as well as
the remains of plants and animals.
Sediment Formation and from where it comes

5. Nahr-i-Lashkari Canal
sedimentation that is every year
cleaning by government but after
canal bank protection by planting
more than 5000 threes the condition
become changed
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6. Transportation type, Source of Sediments in Rivers
Bed Material Load:
Suspend Load:
 is the portion of the sediment that is transported by a stream
that contains material derived from the bed (bed and suspended
load)
 is composed of particles that move in suspension in the water
column above the bed load layer. Their weight is continuously
supported by the turbulence of the flow (>75% of total load)
Bed Load:
 consists of particles that slide, roll or saltate in a thin layer
thickness over the river bed (5-25% of total load)
Wash Load:
 consists of sediments that have been flushed into the river
from the catchment (denudation processes, lateral inflow) and
rarely exchanges with bed material (mainly suspended load)
Sediment source
Transport type
Basics of Sediment Transport

7. Forms of Sediments in Rivers
Sediment Loads
Bed Material Load
Wash Load
Bed Load
Suspended Load (bed)
Total Suspended Load

8. Suspended Sediment Load Transport
h
flow
velocity
sediment
concentration
suspended
load
ΦS= v·c dh
bed load
Combination of adventive turbulent diffusion and convection:
• Adventive diffusion is defined as the concentration over the water depth (vertical
distribution)
• Convective transport is the superimposition of the sediment concentration with
flow velocity
• Suspended load is the product of suspended concentration and flow velocity

9. Sediment Sampling method
•Cross-section divided into equal
sections
•Sampler is lowered and raised at the same
velocity in each section
Different volume in each sample and
different velocities in each section

10. Type of sampler that are using for different kind of measuring, Wadding and bank operated cableway

11. Hydrologists during Sediment Sampling in different Rivers

12. Six regional Silt Laboratories in Kabul, Jalalabad, Mazar, Kunduz, Herat and Kandahar are operating
Sediment labs in five River Basin:

13. Suspended sediment analysis process

14. Activities done in sediment section:
• Prepared user manual for Suspended sediment
• Collection, analyses, process of suspended
sediment data for fiver River Basin from (2012 up
to 2018)
• Classified existing hydrological stations based on
sediment priority
• Quality control of sediment data
• Prepared water year books for hydrological
stations
• Training to field hydrologists at Kabul and River
Basins
• Prepared Soft copy from historical sediment year
books

15. Future plan:
• Stablish of Five additional
required Laboratories in
sub River Basins.
• Training to field
hydrologists.
• Quality control of
analyzed data.
• Collection, analyses and
process continuously.

16. Kajaki Dam is one of the two major hydroelectric power dams of Helmand province in
southern Afghanistan.
The dam has 100 m high and 270 m long, with a gross storage capacity of
1,715,000,000 m3 of water. Capacity lost due to sedimentation is 35%

17. Dahla Dam is the largest dam in Kandahar Province, and the second largest in Afghanistan. It was
built in 1952. Over the years during the wars due to neglect the project was subject to siltation of the
reservoir, the canal system and other appurtenant works which reduced its irrigation benefits.
Height= 55 m, Opened 1952, Length= 535 m. Capacity lost due to sedimentation is 40%

18. The Naghlu Dam is a gravity dam on the Kabul river in Surobi district, Kabul province of Afghanistan. It is
located 40 km east of the Kabul. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and its
supports a power station with a design capacity of 100 MW. It is the largest power plant in Afghanistan and
generates most of Kabul's electricity. It is currently being rehabilitated and only three of the four generators are
operational. The dam is 110 m tall, 280 m long and its reservoir has a storage capacity of 550,000,000 m3.

19. Qargha reservoir is a social & Irrigation purpose
dam with the Capacity of (12-14 Mm³) the area is
4.50Km² & height of 30m it irrigates 2000hectar of
cultivation land, Sedimentation deposition has
occurred in Qargha reservoir since the reservoir was
formed in 1952 in Kabul province. In 2016 a
sedimentation survey indicated the reservoir had
lost about 15 percent of its volume to about 2.00
million cubic meters due to soil erosion & land use
change around the reservoir upper catchment area.

20. Land slides in Afghanistan

21. The land slides and other Disaster Preparedness/Management Belongs to ANDMA
At least 52 people – 25 women, 22 children, and 5 men – were
killed by the 23 April landslide. Ninety-five homes were destroyed.

22. River bank protections in Afghanistan

23. River bank protection:
Where the bank protection is needed
people are preparing a request letter to
basins they are sending to PCU regional
office, they are surveying the sites,
preparing proposal and send to
PCU/IRDP Directorate in Kabul and they
are sending to WB for NOL and after that
it’s going to offer and further process

24.  Setting of a firm foundation for Sediment Management.
 Lack of Environment management.
 Lack of Forest safety management (Deforestation).
 Lack of erosion controlling system.
 Culture of river bed excavation by people (for using the sand, gravel and clay).
Challenges:
 Lack of professional staff with knowledge base of sediment

25. Some picture of the stations

26. Some picture of the snow fall in last two weeks