Presented by Zerihun Taddese at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
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Data management and analysis
1. Data Management and
Analysis
IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery
System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia
ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
Zerihun Taddese
ILRI/ICRAF Research Methods Group
3. Introduction and Objectives
Introduction:
• IPMS experience in mass insemination of cows
– Lack of record keeping and reporting by AI service providers!!
– Lack of confidence in believing the results reported!!
• Four regional states are selected (viz., Tigray, Amhara,
Oromia and SNNPRS)
• Results of intervention work is promising
• Simulated data are used to demonstrate this success.
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4. Introduction and Objectives (Cont’d)
Objective:
• To share experience in data management and
analysis
The HOWs:
• Managing the data
• Analyzing the data
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5. Data Management (Cont’d)
Refers to any activity concerned with
• Planning data management,
– objectives
– outputs
– resources and
– skills available.
• Designing data recording format
• Collection of data, with appropriate quality control
• Checking of raw data
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6. Data Management (Cont’d)
Refers to any activity concerned with (Cont’d)
• Cleaning data
• Keep back up of the data
• Preparing for analysis
• Maintaining records of the processing steps
• Archiving the data for future use
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7. Data Management (Cont’d)
Some Examples:
• Mostly refers to collecting data. DATA
• Designing the data capturing format: FORM.doc
• The design and organization of our computer
files: AI Record Sheet.xls
• One of the regions data: Tigrai.xls
• Store all of the relevant information required with
maximum care (Quality assurance)
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8. Data Analysis
• Choice of a Statistical Software
Genstat.lnk
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9. Data Analysis (Cont’d)
• What statistical procedures do you need?
• What platform – Windows, Macintosh, Unix?
• Balance among
– Ease of learning and use
– Power, expandability, flexibility
– Data management and sharing data with other
statistical packages.
– Innovativeness
– Graphical capabilities
• Cost!
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10. Data Analysis (Cont’d)
Study Design
• What was the question that prompted the research?
• The research question must be articulated clearly,
concisely, and accurately.
How will relations between factors be quantified?
• What parameter are to be estimated?
• How large was the sample to ensure a sufficiently
precise answer?
• Was the study Experimental or Survey?
Start with DUMMY tables.
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11. Data Analysis (Cont’d)
Choosing Statistical Techniques:
• Descriptive Statistics
• Inferential Statistics
– Nominal – Χ2
– test of association
– Ordinal – methods based on ranks
– Interval
– Ratio
– Modeling Logistic Multiple Linear
Regression
Non-parametric
Parametric
DISCRETE & CONTINUOUS
Nominal Interval
Ordinal Ratio
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12. Data Analysis (Cont’d)
SAS was used to analyze the simulated data.
– Importing the four Excel data files from the regions
– Merging the data sets from the regions
• A few examples of questions answered from
analysis.
– WHAT % OF PREGNANCY RESPONDED TO OESTRUS AMONG
TREATED?
– WHAT PROPORTION OF COWS RESPONDED TO HORMON
TREATMENT?
– AMONG THOSE WHO RESPONDED, WHAT IS THE AVERAGE
RESPONSE INTERVAL?
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13. Data Analysis (Cont’d)
• A few examples of questions answered from
analysis (Cont’d).
– WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF PREGNANCY RESULT
BY DIFFERENT FACTORS?
– COMPARISON OF PREGNANCY RESULT AMONG THE
BULLS, AI TECHNICIAN, BREED, and PARITY
respectively
– WHAT ARE THE FACTORS INFLUENCING OESTRUS
RESPONSE?
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14. Data Analysis (Cont’d)
SAS program leading to the following results
– Pregnancy result was 86.1% .
– Oestrus response was 86.5%.
– The mean Oestrus response was 4.36 days with
SD = 1.41 days.
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15. Data Analysis (Cont’d)Table 1: Oestrus Response for some selected characteristics
Number (%) X2
P-value
Breed 1.320 0.2506
Local 226 (66.18)
Cross 117(33.82)
Body Condition Score 8.5856 0.0353
3 152 (43.93)
4 74 (21.39)
5 76 (21.97)
6 44 (12.72)
Lactation Status 8.3583 0.0038
No 219 (63.29)
Yes 127 (36.71)
Parity 11.5754 0.0031
Heifer (0) 88 (25.43)
Young (1,2,3) 202 (58.38)
Old (> 3) 56(16.18)
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16. Data Analysis (Cont’d)Table 2: Pregnancy Results for some selected characteristics
Number (%) X2
P-value
Breed 1.128 0.2881
Local 194 (65.1)
Cross 104 (34.9)
Body Condition Score 4.9590 0.1748
3 137 (45.97)
4 64 (21.48)
5 62 (20.81)
6 35 (11.74)
Lactation Status 1.9988 0.1574
No 193 (64.47)
Yes 105 (35.23)
Parity 36.5492 0.0001
Heifer (0) 71(23.83)
Young (1,2,3) 191 (64.09)
Old (> 3) 36(12.08)
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17. Data Analysis (Cont’d)Table 3: Binary Logit estimates for the Odds Ratios associated with
the selected variables affecting Oestrus Response.
Selected OR 95.0% C.I.
Variables for OR*
Breed 1.134 0.566-2.27
Lactation Status 4.050 1.789-9.167
BCS 3 vs 6 3.297 1.355-8.020
BCS 4 vs 6 2.058 0.817-5.187
BCS 5 vs 6 1.494 0.600-3.723
Heifer vs Old 2.700 1.163-6.268
Young vs Old 3.750 1.769-7.951
*CIs including ‘1’ are not significant at p = 0.05.
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18. Data Analysis (Cont’d)Table 4: Binary Logit estimates for the Odds Ratios associated with
the selected variables affecting Pregnancy Results .
Selected OR 95.0% C.I.
Variables for OR*
Breed 1.396 0.665-2.933
Lactation Status 0.716 0.357-1.434
BCS 3 vs 6 1.456 0.527-4.021
BCS 4 vs 6 1.616 0.539-4.846
BCS 5 vs 6 0.881 0.297-2.614
Heifer vs Old 2.319 0.991-5.429
Young vs Old 9.201 3.964-21.358
*CIs including ‘1’ are not significant at p = 0.05.
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