Enviar búsqueda
Cargar
iaetsd Effects of diethyl ether additives on palm biodiesel fuel characteristics and low
•
0 recomendaciones
•
129 vistas
I
Iaetsd Iaetsd
Seguir
iaetsd
Leer menos
Leer más
Ingeniería
Denunciar
Compartir
Denunciar
Compartir
1 de 9
Descargar ahora
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Recomendados
S04507106111
S04507106111
IJERA Editor
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...
ijsrd.com
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...
IJMER
Experimental Investigation on Diesel Engine using DMC as a Fuel Additive in T...
Experimental Investigation on Diesel Engine using DMC as a Fuel Additive in T...
IRJET Journal
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...
Working as a Lecturer
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...
ijsrd.com
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...
idescitation
Ijmet 10 01_074
Ijmet 10 01_074
IAEME Publication
Recomendados
S04507106111
S04507106111
IJERA Editor
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...
ijsrd.com
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...
IJMER
Experimental Investigation on Diesel Engine using DMC as a Fuel Additive in T...
Experimental Investigation on Diesel Engine using DMC as a Fuel Additive in T...
IRJET Journal
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...
Working as a Lecturer
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...
ijsrd.com
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...
idescitation
Ijmet 10 01_074
Ijmet 10 01_074
IAEME Publication
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
IJERD Editor
D05832430
D05832430
IOSR-JEN
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...
IDES Editor
P1303049196
P1303049196
IOSR Journals
Experimental Analysis on Performance Improvement of Diesel Engine Utilizing A...
Experimental Analysis on Performance Improvement of Diesel Engine Utilizing A...
IOSR Journals
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATED FOUR ST...
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATED FOUR ST...
Varthamanan prabachandran
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...
IJMER
294 deepesh
294 deepesh
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER) 2013
A Review of the Effects of Biodiesel from Different Feedstock on Engine Perfo...
A Review of the Effects of Biodiesel from Different Feedstock on Engine Perfo...
IRJET Journal
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...
IJMER
IRJET- Effect of Waste Plastic Oil as an IC Engine Fuel in Combination with D...
IRJET- Effect of Waste Plastic Oil as an IC Engine Fuel in Combination with D...
IRJET Journal
Effect of Pine oil blended with Methanol on Performance and Emissions in a Di...
Effect of Pine oil blended with Methanol on Performance and Emissions in a Di...
IOSRJMCE
E1303062833
E1303062833
IOSR Journals
Performance characteristics for the use of blended safflower oil in diesel en...
Performance characteristics for the use of blended safflower oil in diesel en...
IAEME Publication
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...
Madhurjya Saikia
A. Functional composites C. Elastic properties C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
A. Functional composites C. Elastic properties C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
IOSR Journals
A Study of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Fuelled With Blends of...
A Study of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Fuelled With Blends of...
IJMER
E012242833
E012242833
IOSR Journals
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...
INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
M13030598104
M13030598104
IOSR Journals
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-diesel
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-diesel
IJCMESJOURNAL
performance and emission radiation using of indian
performance and emission radiation using of indian
IJAEMSJORNAL
Más contenido relacionado
La actualidad más candente
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
IJERD Editor
D05832430
D05832430
IOSR-JEN
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...
IDES Editor
P1303049196
P1303049196
IOSR Journals
Experimental Analysis on Performance Improvement of Diesel Engine Utilizing A...
Experimental Analysis on Performance Improvement of Diesel Engine Utilizing A...
IOSR Journals
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATED FOUR ST...
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATED FOUR ST...
Varthamanan prabachandran
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...
IJMER
294 deepesh
294 deepesh
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER) 2013
A Review of the Effects of Biodiesel from Different Feedstock on Engine Perfo...
A Review of the Effects of Biodiesel from Different Feedstock on Engine Perfo...
IRJET Journal
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...
IJMER
IRJET- Effect of Waste Plastic Oil as an IC Engine Fuel in Combination with D...
IRJET- Effect of Waste Plastic Oil as an IC Engine Fuel in Combination with D...
IRJET Journal
Effect of Pine oil blended with Methanol on Performance and Emissions in a Di...
Effect of Pine oil blended with Methanol on Performance and Emissions in a Di...
IOSRJMCE
E1303062833
E1303062833
IOSR Journals
Performance characteristics for the use of blended safflower oil in diesel en...
Performance characteristics for the use of blended safflower oil in diesel en...
IAEME Publication
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...
Madhurjya Saikia
A. Functional composites C. Elastic properties C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
A. Functional composites C. Elastic properties C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
IOSR Journals
A Study of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Fuelled With Blends of...
A Study of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Fuelled With Blends of...
IJMER
E012242833
E012242833
IOSR Journals
La actualidad más candente
(18)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
D05832430
D05832430
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...
P1303049196
P1303049196
Experimental Analysis on Performance Improvement of Diesel Engine Utilizing A...
Experimental Analysis on Performance Improvement of Diesel Engine Utilizing A...
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATED FOUR ST...
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMAL BARRIER COATED FOUR ST...
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...
294 deepesh
294 deepesh
A Review of the Effects of Biodiesel from Different Feedstock on Engine Perfo...
A Review of the Effects of Biodiesel from Different Feedstock on Engine Perfo...
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...
IRJET- Effect of Waste Plastic Oil as an IC Engine Fuel in Combination with D...
IRJET- Effect of Waste Plastic Oil as an IC Engine Fuel in Combination with D...
Effect of Pine oil blended with Methanol on Performance and Emissions in a Di...
Effect of Pine oil blended with Methanol on Performance and Emissions in a Di...
E1303062833
E1303062833
Performance characteristics for the use of blended safflower oil in diesel en...
Performance characteristics for the use of blended safflower oil in diesel en...
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...
A. Functional composites C. Elastic properties C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
A. Functional composites C. Elastic properties C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
A Study of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Fuelled With Blends of...
A Study of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Fuelled With Blends of...
E012242833
E012242833
Similar a iaetsd Effects of diethyl ether additives on palm biodiesel fuel characteristics and low
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...
INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
M13030598104
M13030598104
IOSR Journals
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-diesel
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-diesel
IJCMESJOURNAL
performance and emission radiation using of indian
performance and emission radiation using of indian
IJAEMSJORNAL
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...
ijsrd.com
Icramid 41
Icramid 41
Sundara Pandiyan
Karanja and Rapeseed Biodiesel: An Experimental Investigation of Performance...
Karanja and Rapeseed Biodiesel: An Experimental Investigation of Performance...
Er Sandeep Duran
IRJET Performance Analysis of CI Engine by using Two Oils (Jatropha Oil & Met...
IRJET Performance Analysis of CI Engine by using Two Oils (Jatropha Oil & Met...
IRJET Journal
Experimental Investigation of Blends of Esterified Coconut Oil and Sunflower ...
Experimental Investigation of Blends of Esterified Coconut Oil and Sunflower ...
IRJET Journal
JCHPS 130 A. Gurusamy 77-80
JCHPS 130 A. Gurusamy 77-80
agsmeice
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...
IJMER
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...
ijsrd.com
Jm3616421649
Jm3616421649
IJERA Editor
IRJET- Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine using Delonix R...
IRJET- Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine using Delonix R...
IRJET Journal
M013147984
M013147984
IOSR Journals
Engine Performance and Emission Test of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil, Methanol...
Engine Performance and Emission Test of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil, Methanol...
inventionjournals
A Review on Performance Analysis of Emissions using Bio-Diesels as Fuel for d...
A Review on Performance Analysis of Emissions using Bio-Diesels as Fuel for d...
IRJET Journal
Experimental Study of B20 Blend Honne Oil and Diesel Fuel with Cuo Nano Addit...
Experimental Study of B20 Blend Honne Oil and Diesel Fuel with Cuo Nano Addit...
IRJET Journal
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAHUA BIODIESEL IN A DI- DIESEL E...
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAHUA BIODIESEL IN A DI- DIESEL E...
IAEME Publication
Fuel
Fuel
Faisal Ahmed
Similar a iaetsd Effects of diethyl ether additives on palm biodiesel fuel characteristics and low
(20)
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...
M13030598104
M13030598104
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-diesel
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-diesel
performance and emission radiation using of indian
performance and emission radiation using of indian
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...
Icramid 41
Icramid 41
Karanja and Rapeseed Biodiesel: An Experimental Investigation of Performance...
Karanja and Rapeseed Biodiesel: An Experimental Investigation of Performance...
IRJET Performance Analysis of CI Engine by using Two Oils (Jatropha Oil & Met...
IRJET Performance Analysis of CI Engine by using Two Oils (Jatropha Oil & Met...
Experimental Investigation of Blends of Esterified Coconut Oil and Sunflower ...
Experimental Investigation of Blends of Esterified Coconut Oil and Sunflower ...
JCHPS 130 A. Gurusamy 77-80
JCHPS 130 A. Gurusamy 77-80
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...
Jm3616421649
Jm3616421649
IRJET- Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine using Delonix R...
IRJET- Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine using Delonix R...
M013147984
M013147984
Engine Performance and Emission Test of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil, Methanol...
Engine Performance and Emission Test of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil, Methanol...
A Review on Performance Analysis of Emissions using Bio-Diesels as Fuel for d...
A Review on Performance Analysis of Emissions using Bio-Diesels as Fuel for d...
Experimental Study of B20 Blend Honne Oil and Diesel Fuel with Cuo Nano Addit...
Experimental Study of B20 Blend Honne Oil and Diesel Fuel with Cuo Nano Addit...
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAHUA BIODIESEL IN A DI- DIESEL E...
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAHUA BIODIESEL IN A DI- DIESEL E...
Fuel
Fuel
Más de Iaetsd Iaetsd
iaetsd Survey on cooperative relay based data transmission
iaetsd Survey on cooperative relay based data transmission
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iaetsd Software defined am transmitter using vhdl
iaetsd Software defined am transmitter using vhdl
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iaetsd Health monitoring system with wireless alarm
iaetsd Health monitoring system with wireless alarm
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iaetsd Equalizing channel and power based on cognitive radio system over mult...
iaetsd Equalizing channel and power based on cognitive radio system over mult...
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iaetsd Economic analysis and re design of driver’s car seat
iaetsd Economic analysis and re design of driver’s car seat
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iaetsd Design of slotted microstrip patch antenna for wlan application
iaetsd Design of slotted microstrip patch antenna for wlan application
Iaetsd Iaetsd
REVIEW PAPER- ON ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER USING RIBS
REVIEW PAPER- ON ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER USING RIBS
Iaetsd Iaetsd
A HYBRID AC/DC SOLAR POWERED STANDALONE SYSTEM WITHOUT INVERTER BASED ON LOAD...
A HYBRID AC/DC SOLAR POWERED STANDALONE SYSTEM WITHOUT INVERTER BASED ON LOAD...
Iaetsd Iaetsd
Fabrication of dual power bike
Fabrication of dual power bike
Iaetsd Iaetsd
Blue brain technology
Blue brain technology
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iirdem The Livable Planet – A Revolutionary Concept through Innovative Street...
iirdem The Livable Planet – A Revolutionary Concept through Innovative Street...
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iirdem Surveillance aided robotic bird
iirdem Surveillance aided robotic bird
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iirdem Growing India Time Monopoly – The Key to Initiate Long Term Rapid Growth
iirdem Growing India Time Monopoly – The Key to Initiate Long Term Rapid Growth
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iirdem Design of Efficient Solar Energy Collector using MPPT Algorithm
iirdem Design of Efficient Solar Energy Collector using MPPT Algorithm
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iirdem CRASH IMPACT ATTENUATOR (CIA) FOR AUTOMOBILES WITH THE ADVOCATION OF M...
iirdem CRASH IMPACT ATTENUATOR (CIA) FOR AUTOMOBILES WITH THE ADVOCATION OF M...
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iirdem ADVANCING OF POWER MANAGEMENT IN HOME WITH SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY AND S...
iirdem ADVANCING OF POWER MANAGEMENT IN HOME WITH SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY AND S...
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iaetsd Shared authority based privacy preserving protocol
iaetsd Shared authority based privacy preserving protocol
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iaetsd Secured multiple keyword ranked search over encrypted databases
iaetsd Secured multiple keyword ranked search over encrypted databases
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iaetsd Robots in oil and gas refineries
iaetsd Robots in oil and gas refineries
Iaetsd Iaetsd
iaetsd Modeling of solar steam engine system using parabolic
iaetsd Modeling of solar steam engine system using parabolic
Iaetsd Iaetsd
Más de Iaetsd Iaetsd
(20)
iaetsd Survey on cooperative relay based data transmission
iaetsd Survey on cooperative relay based data transmission
iaetsd Software defined am transmitter using vhdl
iaetsd Software defined am transmitter using vhdl
iaetsd Health monitoring system with wireless alarm
iaetsd Health monitoring system with wireless alarm
iaetsd Equalizing channel and power based on cognitive radio system over mult...
iaetsd Equalizing channel and power based on cognitive radio system over mult...
iaetsd Economic analysis and re design of driver’s car seat
iaetsd Economic analysis and re design of driver’s car seat
iaetsd Design of slotted microstrip patch antenna for wlan application
iaetsd Design of slotted microstrip patch antenna for wlan application
REVIEW PAPER- ON ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER USING RIBS
REVIEW PAPER- ON ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER USING RIBS
A HYBRID AC/DC SOLAR POWERED STANDALONE SYSTEM WITHOUT INVERTER BASED ON LOAD...
A HYBRID AC/DC SOLAR POWERED STANDALONE SYSTEM WITHOUT INVERTER BASED ON LOAD...
Fabrication of dual power bike
Fabrication of dual power bike
Blue brain technology
Blue brain technology
iirdem The Livable Planet – A Revolutionary Concept through Innovative Street...
iirdem The Livable Planet – A Revolutionary Concept through Innovative Street...
iirdem Surveillance aided robotic bird
iirdem Surveillance aided robotic bird
iirdem Growing India Time Monopoly – The Key to Initiate Long Term Rapid Growth
iirdem Growing India Time Monopoly – The Key to Initiate Long Term Rapid Growth
iirdem Design of Efficient Solar Energy Collector using MPPT Algorithm
iirdem Design of Efficient Solar Energy Collector using MPPT Algorithm
iirdem CRASH IMPACT ATTENUATOR (CIA) FOR AUTOMOBILES WITH THE ADVOCATION OF M...
iirdem CRASH IMPACT ATTENUATOR (CIA) FOR AUTOMOBILES WITH THE ADVOCATION OF M...
iirdem ADVANCING OF POWER MANAGEMENT IN HOME WITH SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY AND S...
iirdem ADVANCING OF POWER MANAGEMENT IN HOME WITH SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY AND S...
iaetsd Shared authority based privacy preserving protocol
iaetsd Shared authority based privacy preserving protocol
iaetsd Secured multiple keyword ranked search over encrypted databases
iaetsd Secured multiple keyword ranked search over encrypted databases
iaetsd Robots in oil and gas refineries
iaetsd Robots in oil and gas refineries
iaetsd Modeling of solar steam engine system using parabolic
iaetsd Modeling of solar steam engine system using parabolic
Último
Cara Menggugurkan Sperma Yang Masuk Rahim Biyar Tidak Hamil
Cara Menggugurkan Sperma Yang Masuk Rahim Biyar Tidak Hamil
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan 087776558899
Online food ordering system project report.pdf
Online food ordering system project report.pdf
Kamal Acharya
Generative AI or GenAI technology based PPT
Generative AI or GenAI technology based PPT
bhaskargani46
Unit 4_Part 1 CSE2001 Exception Handling and Function Template and Class Temp...
Unit 4_Part 1 CSE2001 Exception Handling and Function Template and Class Temp...
drmkjayanthikannan
Verification of thevenin's theorem for BEEE Lab (1).pptx
Verification of thevenin's theorem for BEEE Lab (1).pptx
chumtiyababu
Hostel management system project report..pdf
Hostel management system project report..pdf
Kamal Acharya
S1S2 B.Arch MGU - HOA1&2 Module 3 -Temple Architecture of Kerala.pptx
S1S2 B.Arch MGU - HOA1&2 Module 3 -Temple Architecture of Kerala.pptx
SCMS School of Architecture
Thermal Engineering Unit - I & II . ppt
Thermal Engineering Unit - I & II . ppt
DineshKumar4165
Work-Permit-Receiver-in-Saudi-Aramco.pptx
Work-Permit-Receiver-in-Saudi-Aramco.pptx
JuliansyahHarahap1
Navigating Complexity: The Role of Trusted Partners and VIAS3D in Dassault Sy...
Navigating Complexity: The Role of Trusted Partners and VIAS3D in Dassault Sy...
Arindam Chakraborty, Ph.D., P.E. (CA, TX)
Wadi Rum luxhotel lodge Analysis case study.pptx
Wadi Rum luxhotel lodge Analysis case study.pptx
NadaHaitham1
FEA Based Level 3 Assessment of Deformed Tanks with Fluid Induced Loads
FEA Based Level 3 Assessment of Deformed Tanks with Fluid Induced Loads
Arindam Chakraborty, Ph.D., P.E. (CA, TX)
Computer Lecture 01.pptxIntroduction to Computers
Computer Lecture 01.pptxIntroduction to Computers
MairaAshraf6
Hospital management system project report.pdf
Hospital management system project report.pdf
Kamal Acharya
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptx
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptx
JIT KUMAR GUPTA
NO1 Top No1 Amil Baba In Azad Kashmir, Kashmir Black Magic Specialist Expert ...
NO1 Top No1 Amil Baba In Azad Kashmir, Kashmir Black Magic Specialist Expert ...
Amil baba
A Study of Urban Area Plan for Pabna Municipality
A Study of Urban Area Plan for Pabna Municipality
Morshed Ahmed Rahath
Introduction to Serverless with AWS Lambda
Introduction to Serverless with AWS Lambda
Omar Fathy
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
ssuser89054b
data_management_and _data_science_cheat_sheet.pdf
data_management_and _data_science_cheat_sheet.pdf
JiananWang21
Último
(20)
Cara Menggugurkan Sperma Yang Masuk Rahim Biyar Tidak Hamil
Cara Menggugurkan Sperma Yang Masuk Rahim Biyar Tidak Hamil
Online food ordering system project report.pdf
Online food ordering system project report.pdf
Generative AI or GenAI technology based PPT
Generative AI or GenAI technology based PPT
Unit 4_Part 1 CSE2001 Exception Handling and Function Template and Class Temp...
Unit 4_Part 1 CSE2001 Exception Handling and Function Template and Class Temp...
Verification of thevenin's theorem for BEEE Lab (1).pptx
Verification of thevenin's theorem for BEEE Lab (1).pptx
Hostel management system project report..pdf
Hostel management system project report..pdf
S1S2 B.Arch MGU - HOA1&2 Module 3 -Temple Architecture of Kerala.pptx
S1S2 B.Arch MGU - HOA1&2 Module 3 -Temple Architecture of Kerala.pptx
Thermal Engineering Unit - I & II . ppt
Thermal Engineering Unit - I & II . ppt
Work-Permit-Receiver-in-Saudi-Aramco.pptx
Work-Permit-Receiver-in-Saudi-Aramco.pptx
Navigating Complexity: The Role of Trusted Partners and VIAS3D in Dassault Sy...
Navigating Complexity: The Role of Trusted Partners and VIAS3D in Dassault Sy...
Wadi Rum luxhotel lodge Analysis case study.pptx
Wadi Rum luxhotel lodge Analysis case study.pptx
FEA Based Level 3 Assessment of Deformed Tanks with Fluid Induced Loads
FEA Based Level 3 Assessment of Deformed Tanks with Fluid Induced Loads
Computer Lecture 01.pptxIntroduction to Computers
Computer Lecture 01.pptxIntroduction to Computers
Hospital management system project report.pdf
Hospital management system project report.pdf
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptx
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptx
NO1 Top No1 Amil Baba In Azad Kashmir, Kashmir Black Magic Specialist Expert ...
NO1 Top No1 Amil Baba In Azad Kashmir, Kashmir Black Magic Specialist Expert ...
A Study of Urban Area Plan for Pabna Municipality
A Study of Urban Area Plan for Pabna Municipality
Introduction to Serverless with AWS Lambda
Introduction to Serverless with AWS Lambda
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
data_management_and _data_science_cheat_sheet.pdf
data_management_and _data_science_cheat_sheet.pdf
iaetsd Effects of diethyl ether additives on palm biodiesel fuel characteristics and low
1.
Effects of Diethyl
Ether Additives on Palm Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics and Low Temperature Flow Properties S.Jeganathan1 ,Eldhowilson2 ,Atulabraham3 ,T.Jeganathan4 1,2,3,4 B.E students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jayalakshmi Institute of Technology,Thoppur,Dharmapuri-636 352 Abstract Diesel engines are widely used in almost all walks of life and cannot be dispensed with in the near future. As the fossil fuels now mainly used in diesel engine and continually depleting accompanied by increasing consumption and prices day by day, there is a need to find out an alternative fuel to fulfill the energy demand of the world. Alternative fuels like biodiesel, are being used as an effective alternative to diesel. The feasibility of biodiesel production from palm oil was investigated with respect to its fuel properties. Though biodiesel can replace diesel satisfactorily, problems related to fuel properties persist. In this study an oxygenated additive diethyl ether (DEE) was blended with palm oil biodiesel (POME) in the ratios of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% and tested for their properties improvement. These blends were tested for energy content and various fuel properties according to ASTM standards. Qualifying of the effect of additive on palm biodiesel fuel properties can serve the researchers who work on biodiesel fuels to indicate the fuel suitability for diesel engines according to fuel standards. Blends of DEE in POME resulted in an improvement in acid value, viscosity, density and pour point with increasing content of DEE, accompanied by a slight decrease in energy content of biodiesel. Keywords: Palm biodiesel, Diethyl Ether, Energy Continent, Diesel, Fuel properties 1. Introduction Because bioenergy renewability and considered carbon–neutral, the bioenergy utilization can contribute to the carbon dioxide emissions reduction. Recently biodiesel has received a great deal of attention because of the advantages associated with its biodegradability and its classification as a resource for renewable energy [1, 2]. Biodiesel is composed of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and is synthesized usually via vegetable oils (triacylglycerols) transesterification with low-molecular-weight alcohols [3]. The current mandates regarding the use of biodiesel around the world are mostly based on a biodiesel–diesel blend. The additive is the most visible option to introduce the biodiesel as complete alternative fuel for mineral diesel. The availability and sustainability of biodiesel feedstocks will be the crucial determinants in the popularization of biodiesel [4]. The oil palm is a tropical perennial plant and grows well in lowland with humid places. Compared with other biodiesel feedstocks, oil palm is the highest oil yield crop, producing on average about 5950 liters of oil per hectare annually. Sunflower, canola, soybean, and jatropha can only produce up to 952, 1190, 446, and 1892 liters of oil per hectare annually, respectively [5]. From the literature, it has been found that ISBN-13: 978-1537033419 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICDER-2016 ©IAETSD 201650
2.
feedstock alone represents
75%-80% of the overall biodiesel production cost [6–8]. Therefore, selecting the high oil yield feedstock is vital to ensure low production cost of biodiesel. Biodiesel (a mixture of mono-alkyl esters of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids) generally has a higher cloud and pour point (CP and PP), density, and kinematic viscosity as well as the acid value compared to diesel. The cold flow properties (CP and PP) are used to characterize the cold flow operability of a fuel because the pour point of a fuel affects the utility of the fuel, especially in cold climate conditions [9]. Fuel injection systems measure fuel by volume, and thus, engine output power influence by changes in density due to the different injected fuel mass [10]. Thus, density is important for various diesel engine performance aspects. The use of fuel with a high kinematic viscosity can lead to undesired consequences, such as poor fuel atomization during spraying, engine deposits, wear on fuel pump elements and injectors, and additional energy required to pump the fuel [11, 12]. The fuel energy content has a direct influence on the engine power output [13, 14]. The biodiesel energy content is less than that of mineral diesel, therefore using of additive most not worsen the energy continent of the POME fuel. Because biodiesel has lower energy content compared to diesel resulting from its chemical structure, the blending of biodiesel with additive that have less energy continent usually causes the energy content of the fuel to decrease depending on the additive energy continent and portion. Currently, the energy content is one of the major technical issues in the use of biodiesel–diesel blends, as it relates to the engine power. The conducted researches on measuring the energy content very little and didn’t indicate the methods and equipment’s used for measurement. However, information concerning the energy content of palm oil biodiesel and its blending with additive remains scarce. Diethyl ether (DEE), an oxygenated additive can be added to diesel/ biodiesel fuels to suppress the NOx emission. DEE is an excellent ignition enhancer and has a low auto ignition temperature [15]. It is an aid for cold starting and ignition improver for diesel water emulsion [16]. Iranmanesh, et al., in their experimental study found that 5% of DEE with diesel blend was the most effective combination based on performance and emission characteristics [17]. Similarly, Qi et al. [18] conclude that brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is slightly lower when adding 5% of DEE with B30 (30% soybean biodiesel and 70% diesel in vol.), accompanied by more reduction of CO emission, smoke and similar NOx emission compara to B30. Various researchers tried the blends of DEE with biodiesel to reduce emissions. The addition of DEE with rubber seed biodiesel in lower percentage improved the engine performance and emission characteristics [19]. This has again been agreed with Karanja oil methyl ester blend where, 15% DEE was the effective combination [20]. Likewise, (Sivalakshmi, S. and Balusamy, T.) [21] concluded that 15% DEE is found to be the optimum blend with Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) on the basis of performance and emission characteristics. However, Pugazhvadivu, et al., [22] found experimentally that 20% of DEE addition was more beneficial in reducing NOx compared to other combination when using Pongamia biodiesel and diethyl ether as a fuel. Similarly, (Kannan, T. K. and Marappan, R.) in their experimental works [23, 24] agreed that the blending ratio of 20% DEE gives better performance and lesser emissions than other combinations when added to the Thevetia Peruviana biodiesel. On the other hand, Chen, et al., [25] stated that fish oil biodiesel (BOF), with 2% blend of DEE gave the maximum percentage of reduction of all emission pollutants and suggested as the best option for running the engine with EGR. None of the previous studies investigate the effect of DEE on fuel properties. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to characterize the properties of the palm oil methyl esters (POME), including the energy content. The second objective was to ISBN-13: 978-1537033419 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICDER-2016 ©IAETSD 201651
3.
investigate the fuel
properties of POME-DEE blends at different ratios for compliance with current mandates. DEE was added in the ratio of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% to the POME to improve the fuel properties and meet the fuel standard requirement. 2. Materials and Method All Palm oil biodiesel (POME) was supplied by local commercial company in Selangor, Malaysia. Samples of palm oil methyl ester and DEE were prepared through mixed and blended using electrical magnetic stirrer shown in Figure 1(a). Briefly, DEE was added into palm oil methyl ester at low stirring rate. The mixtures were stirred continuously for 20 minutes and left for 30 minutes to reach equilibrium at room temperature before they were subjected to any test. The use of DEE has also some limitations, such as lower lubricity, reduced ignitability and cetane number, higher volatility and lower miscibility [25] which may lead to increased unburned hydrocarbons emissions. Therefore, DEE was adding at small proportions of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% by volume to POME, which corresponded to B-DE2, B- DE4, B-DE6 and B-DE8 fuels, respectively. The acid value, cloud point, pour point, density, and kinematic viscosity were determined according to ASTM D-664, ASTM D-2500, ASTM D-97, ASTM D1298 and ASTM D-445, respectively. In addition, the heating value of blended fuel which not specified in the biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and have a minimum value of 35 MJ/kg in EN 14214 was determined by Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter model 6772 (Parr instrument company, USA). In these calorimeter systems shown in Figure 1(b), the heat leak is precisely measured during the calorimetric pre-period. This evaluation results in an estimate of the effective, average temperature of the calorimeter surroundings. This temperature value is then used throughout the test interval to provide the calorimeter heat leak correction. It harnesses the computing power of the controller, with no additional hardware costs, to provide heat leak correction capability that is almost identical to the approach used when non-electronic thermometry and manual calorimetric techniques are employed. Cloud point is defined as the temperature at which a cloud of wax crystals first appears in a liquid form when the liquid is cooled under certain conditions. PP is defined as the lowest temperature at which a liquid can flow; the PP apparatus and procedure adopted were according to the ASTM D 97 standard method. The test apparatus shown in Figure 1(c) manufactured by Koehler instrument company K46195 (USA) was used for the cloud and pour point measurements. Acid number or neutralization number is a measure of free fatty acids contained in a fresh fuel sample. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are the saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids that occur naturally in fats, oils or greases but are not attached to glycerol backbones [26]. Fatty acids vary in carbon chain length and in the number of unsaturated bonds (double bonds). Higher amount of free fatty acids leads to higher acid value [27]. Acid value is expressed as mg KOH required for neutralizing 1 g of FAME. Higher acid content can cause severe corrosion in the fuel supply system of an engine. The acid value is determined using the ASTM D664 and EN 14104. The test apparatus manufactured Metrohm 785 (USA) shown in Figure 1(d) was used to measure the acid value. Kinematics viscosity measurements were made with a Digital Constant Temperature kinematics viscosity bath shown in Figure 1(e), while the density is measured by using Portable Density/Gravity Meter shown in Figure 1(f). High viscosity leads to problem in pumping and spray characteristics (atomization and penetration, etc.). The inefficient mixing of oil with air contributes to incomplete combustion. It was observed that the kinematics viscosity of POME was found to be about 1.2 times of diesel at 40o C. ISBN-13: 978-1537033419 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICDER-2016 ©IAETSD 201652
4.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(e) (f) Figure 1. Analytical instruments used to measure fuel properties; (a) Magnetic Stirrer, (b) Density meter, (c) Viscosity bath, (d) Acid value & acidity tester, (e) Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter, (f) Cloud and Pour Point measuring Equipment 3. Results and Discussions 3.1. Analysis of Biodiesel Properties The measured fuel properties of the POME are listed in Table 1 and compare to the biodiesel specifications, including ASTM D6751 in the United States and EN 14214 in Europe. The PP, CP, kinematics viscosity, density and acid value of the POME were significantly higher than those of the mineral diesel, while the heating value was lower than that of mineral diesel. The POME presented satisfactory fuel properties that satisfied most biodiesel specifications. The PP value of the POME was about 14o C, a property that limited the beneficial use of the POME in cold climates [28, 29]. Table 1. Properties of POME compared to the biodiesel specifications Property Unit POME ASTM D6751 EN 14213 Acid Value mg KOH/g 0.49 0.5 max 0.5 max Viscosity at 40 o C mm2 /s 4.6116 1.9-6.0 3.5-5 Density kg/m3 880.8 880 860-900 CP oC 14 --- --- PP oC 14 --- --- Heating Value MJ/kg 38.6 ---- 35 min The selection of additives for oxygenating the fuel depends on economic feasibility, toxicity, fuel blending property, additive solubility, flash point of the blend, viscosity of the blend, solubility of water in the resultant blend, and water partitioning of the additive [25]. Based on the fuel blending properties, toxicity and economic feasibility Diethyl Ether was selected. There are a number of fuel properties that are essential to the proper operation of a ISBN-13: 978-1537033419 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICDER-2016 ©IAETSD 201653
5.
diesel engine. The
DEE was further added to POME at different volumetric ratios (varied from 0% to 8% in steps of 2%) to study the variations in the CP, PP, density, heating value, acid value and kinematic viscosity of the POME-DEE blends. 3.2. Cloud Point and Pour Point Results DEE-POME blends improved low temperature operability compared to unblended POME since the freezing points of DEE (-117.4 o C) are substantially below the temperature at which biodiesel typically undergoes solidification. Addition of DEE to POME does not be affected CP, while increasing DEE content from 0 to 8% resulted in a dramatic decline in PP. Figure 2 shows the variations of the PP for POME with the volumetric percentage of the DEE. The maximum reduction of PP for POME was 7 o C when adding 8% DEE. The low-temperature properties of biodiesels not indicated in ASTM and EN standards as it related to climatic conditions. Figure 2. Variation in PP with the volumatric Percentage of DEE (vol.%) for POME 3.3. Density Results The densities of POME-DEE blended fuel produced in this study are very close to each other and in the range of 0.870.2–0.880.8 kg/m3 for B-DE8 and POME respectively. They are suitable for the ASTM and EN standards and slightly higher than those of the diesel fuel. Figure 3 presents the density values of the POME. The density of the POME-DEE blend decreased linearly with a higher volumetric percentage of the DEE, indicating that the additively for the volume. Excellent agreement between the measured and estimated values of the density of the POME-DEE blends at 15 o C is given by: Density (kg/m3 ) = -2.59x + 882.83 R² = 0.9883 (1) Where x is the volumetric percentage of the DEE (vol.%). The density of the POME-diesel blends can satisfy the specifications for diesel and biodiesel blends, listed in the standards. Figure 3. Variation in density with the volumatric percentage of DEE (vol.%) for POME ISBN-13: 978-1537033419 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICDER-2016 ©IAETSD 201654
6.
3.4. Viscosity Results The
viscosities of methyl esters vary in the range of 3.4587, 3.7, 4.007, 4.3151 and 4.611 mm2 /s for B-DE8, B-DE6, B-DE4, B-DE2 and POME respectively. All blends, as well as neat POME, satisfied the kinematic viscosity specification contained in ASTM D6751. But, the viscosity of BDE8 is slightly lower than the limits of the EN14213 standard (3.5 mm2 /s). The viscosity of the blend decreases as the DEE portion increases in the fuel mixture as observed from Figure 4. Similar to density, the kinematic viscosity of the POME-DEE blend increased linearly with a higher volumetric percentage of the DEE. The kinematic viscosity at 40 o C can be described by Eq. (2) for the POME-DEE blends, with a linear relationship: Kinematics Viscosity (mm2 /s) = -0.146x + 4.6028 R² = 0.9983 (2) The density and kinematics viscosity of the POME-DEE blends up to B-DE6 can satisfy the specifications for diesel and biodiesel blends, including ASTM D975, ASTM D7467, and EN 14213. Figure 4. Variation in Viscosity with the volumatric Percentage of DEE (vol.%) for POME 3.5. Acid Value Addition of DEE to POME improved the AV, and a significant reduction in AV was achieved by increasing DEE portion. The acid value is determined using the ASTM D664 and EN 14104. Both standards approved a maximum acid value for biodiesel of 0.50 mg KOH/g [30, 31]. Figure 5 shows acid value profile of POME–DEE blends. The acid value decrease by approximately 1% to 2% for each 2% of DEE added, by volume with a linear relationship, a maximum acid value for POME 0.49 mg KOH/g. This was expected, as DEE will dilute the free fatty acids present in POME, resulting in a reduction in AV. The acid value of the POME-DEE blend satisfies the requirement of ASTM D6751-06 and EN 14104 Standard for all blending ranges. 3.6. Heating Value Heating value, heat of combustion is the amount of heating energy released by the combustion of a unit value of fuels. One of the most important determinants of heating value is the moisture content of the feedstock oil [32]. The heating value is not specified in the biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 but is prescribed in EN 14213 (biodiesel for heating purpose) with a minimum of 35 MJ/kg [26]. Figure 6 shows that the heating value of the POME-DEE blend decreased slightly with increasing volumetric percentage of the DEE, a minimum heating value for B -DE8 was 36.768 MJ/kg. The heating value of the POME- DEE blend satisfies the requirement of EN 14104 Standard for all blending ranges. ISBN-13: 978-1537033419 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICDER-2016 ©IAETSD 201655
7.
Figure 5. Variation
in Acid value with the volumatric Percentage of POME (vol.%) for POME-diesel blends Figure 6. Variation in Heating value with the volumatric Percentage of POME (vol.%) for POME-diesel blends 4. Conclusions The objective of this study was to characterize how the key fuel properties changed when diethyl ether were blended with palm oil methyl esters. According to the experimental results; the density of the POME-DEE blend decreased with the increase of DEE concentration in the blended fuel and displayed satisfactory fuel properties for all blending ranges. Similarly, the acid value of POME-DEE blends slightly improved with increasing DEE content. However, adding 8% DEE to the POME results in fuel viscosity lower that the limit of EN14213 standard. Increasing DEE content in POME resulted in a statistically significant difference in low temperature performance, with a maximum decrease in pour point by 7 o C at 8% DEE compare to POME. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the cloud point of the biodiesel with DEE. In general, the heating value decreases slightly with increasing DEE portion in the blends. B-DE8 has the minimum heating value which is 4.7% less than POME and still satisfies the limits of the EN 14213. ISBN-13: 978-1537033419 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICDER-2016 ©IAETSD 201656
8.
Finally, palm biodiesel
with diethyl ether additive exhibited slightly superior low temperature performance, acid value, viscosity and density with slight energy continent in comparison to POME. B-DE6 satisfied both ASTM and EN14213 specifications and may be suggested as the most prudent choice when considering POME-DEE blends. Acknowledgements The authors thank the Chemical laboratory staff and technicians, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resource, University Malaysia Pahang for providing the necessary equipment and technical support to achieve this study. References [1] J. Boro and D. Deka, “A Review on Biodiesel”, Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, vol. 6, no. 2, (2012), pp. 125–141. [2] L. C. Meher, D. V. Sagar and S. N. Naik, “Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification – a review”, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, vol. 10, (2006), pp. 248–68.,. [3] F. Yasar, S. Altun and H. Adin, “Fuel properties of biodiesels produced from blends of canola oil and animal tallow”, Energy Educ Sci Technol, vol. 27, no. 1, (2011), pp. 199–208. [4] S. Pinzi, I. L. Garcia, F. J. Lopez-Gimenez, M. D. Luque de Castro, G. Dorado and M. P. Dorado, “The ideal vegetable oil-based biodiesel composition: a review of social, economical and technical implications”, Energy Fuels, vol. 23, (2009), pp. 2325–41. [5] A. Demirbas, “Biodiesel from oilgae, biofixation of carbon dioxide by microalgae: a solution to pollution problems”, Appl Energy, vol. 88, (2011), pp. 3541–7. [6] A. L. Ahmad, N. H. Mat Yasin, C. J. C. Derek and J. K. Lim, “Microalgae as a sustainable energy source for biodiesel production: a review”, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, vol. 15, no. 1, (2011), pp. 584–93. [7] A. S. Silitonga, A. E. Atabani, T. M. I. Mahlia, H. H. Masjuki, I. A. Badruddin and S. Mekhilef, “A review on prospect of Jatropha curcas for biodiesel in Indonesia”, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, vol. 15, (2011), pp. 3733–56. [8] S. S. Ragit, S. K. Mohapatra, K. Kundu and P. Gill, “Optimization of neem methyl ester from transesterification process and fuel characterization as a diesel substitute”, Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 35, no. 3, (2011), pp. 1138–44. [9] A. Ulusik, “Advantages and disadvantages of biodiesels”, Energy Educ Sci Technol, vol. 28, no. 1, (2011), pp. 221–226. [10] N. P. Bahadur, D. G. B. Boocock and S. K. Konar, “Liquid hydrocarbons from catalytic pyrolysis of sewage sludge lipid and canola oil: evaluation of fuel properties”, Energy Fuels, vol. 9, (1995), pp. 248–56. [11]E. Alptekin and M. Canakci, “Determination of the density and the viscosities of biodiesel–diesel fuel blends”, Renewable Energy, vol. 33, (2008), pp. 2623–30. [12] M. Satyanarayana and C. Muraleedharan, “Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oils: A Comparative Optimization Study”, Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, vol. 3, no. 4, (2009), pp. 335–341. [13] A. Karmakar, S. Karmakar and S. Mukherjee, “Properties of various plants and animals feedstocks for biodiesel production,” Bioresour Technol, vol. 101, no. 19, (2010), pp. 7201–10. [14] N. K. Sahoo, M. K. Naik, S. Pradhan, S. N. Naik and L. M. Das, “High Quality Biodiesel from Thevetia peruviana Juss: Physico-Chemical, Emission and Fuel Performance Characteristics”, Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, vol. 6, no. 3, (2012), pp. 269–275. [15] N. K. M. jothi, S. Nagarajan and G. Renganarayanan, “LPG fueled diesel engine using diethyl ether with exhaust gas recirculation”, International Journal of thermal sciences, vol. 47, (2008), pp. 450–457. [16] K. A. Subramanian, “Use of Diethyl ether along with water diesel emulsion in a DI diesel engine”, SAE Paper, (2002), pp. 01–2720. [17] J. P. Iranmanesh, M. Subrahmanyam and M. K. G. Babu, “Potential of Diethyl ether as a supplementary fuel to improve combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine”, SAE Paper, (2008), pp. 28–0044. [18] D. H. Qi, H. Chen, L. M. Geng and Y. Z. Bian, “Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel engine”, Renewable Energy, vol. 36, (2011), pp. 1252–1258. [19] A. S. Ramadhas, S. Jayaraj and C. Muraleedharan, “Experimental investigations on diethyl ether as fuel additive in biodiesel engine”, International Journal of Global energy issues, vol. 29, no. 3, (2008), pp. 329– 336. [20] M. Iranmanesh, J. P. Subrahmanyam and M. K. G. Babu, “Potential of Diethyl ether as a blended Supplementary oxygenated fuel with biodiesel to improve combustion and emissioncharacteristics of Diesel engine”, SAE Paper, (2008), pp. 01–1805. [21] S. Sivalakshmi and T. Balusamy, “Research on Di-ethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive with Biodiesel in CI Engine,” in PEA-AIT International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010), (2010) June, pp. 2–4. [22] M. Pugazhvadivu and S. Rajagopan, “Investigations on a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends and diethyl ether as an additive”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 5, (2009), pp. 31–35. [23] T. K. Kannan and R. Marappan, “Study of Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine using Thevetia Peruviana Biodiesel with Diethyl Ether Blends”, European Journal of Scientific Research, vol. ISBN-13: 978-1537033419 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICDER-2016 ©IAETSD 201657
9.
43, (2010), pp.
563–570. [24] T. K. Kannan and R. Marappan, “Comparative study of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled by emulsified biodiesel/DEE blended biodiesel,” Journal of applied Sciences., vol. 11, no. 16, (2011), pp. 2961–2967. [25] C. Swaminathan and J. Sarangan, “Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with biodiesel (fish oil) with DEE as additive”, biomass and bioenergy., vol. xxx, (2012), pp. 1–7. [26] U. Rashid, F. Anwar, and G. Knothe, “Evaluation of biodiesel obtained from cotton-seed oil”, Fuel Process Technol, vol. 90, no. 9, (2009), pp. 1157–63. [27] H. T. Akcay and S. Karslioglu, “Optimization process for biodiesel production from some Turkish vegetable oils and determination fuel properties”, Energy Educ Sci Technol, vol. 28, no. 2, (2012), pp. 861–868. [28] T. Haiying, O. Steven and K. Y. Salley, “Fuel properties and precipitate formation at low temperature in soy-, cottonseed-, and poultry fat-based biodiesel blends”, Fuel, vol. 87, (2008), pp. 3006–3017. [29] C. Chuang-Wei, G. S. Leon and J. S. Galen, “Impact of cold flow improvers on soybean biodiesel blend”, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 27, (2004), pp. 485–491. [30] P. C. Jena, H. Raheman, G. V. P. Kumar and R. Machavaram, “Biodiesel production from mixture of mahua and simarouba oils with high free fatty acids”, Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 34, no. 8, (2010), pp. 1108–16. [31] Y. C. Sharma and B. Singh, “Development of biodiesel: current scenario”, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, vol. 13, no. 6–7, (2009), pp. 1646–51. [32] A. Filemon, "Biofuels from plant oils", Jakarta, Indonesia: ASEAN Foundation, (2010), p. 47. ISBN-13: 978-1537033419 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICDER-2016 ©IAETSD 201658
Descargar ahora