ISNI Database and Interoperability
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This document provides an overview of the International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) database and system. It discusses the sources that contribute data to ISNI, key statistics about assigned ISNIs and links, how to search the database through various methods, quality control processes, linkages to the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) system, and several organizational uses of ISNI identifiers.
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ISNI Database and Interoperability
- 1. cross-domain bridging-domains Libraries Text Rights Trade Sources Music Rights Encyclopaedias Researchers & Professional Granting organisations Professional Societies Article databases Theses databases Archives and Museums Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 2. ISNI: Where are we now? • ISNI database and system • Sources and figures • Enquiry, API, Linked data • end user input, • notification system, • VIAF database and system • VIAF interoperability, • ISNI Quality Infrastructure • Assignment Agency • QT interoperability, • Some usages • La Trobe, • ICLA, • Iconoclaste • ORCID technical cooperation. • OCLC Research Task Forces Support ISNI at Harvard 18th November 2014 Janifer Gatenby OCLC EMEA Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 3. Status at November 2014 • 8.69 million assigned ISNIs (was 1 million 2 years ago) • 21.38 million links; ISNI persistent URI Databases Assigned Links Research 12 2,553,949 6,464,362 Text rights 8 130,771 723,625 Music 5 316,187 463, 288 Libraries & trade 3 7.45 million 13.6 million Organisations 3 446, 258 109,211 ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 4. Current ISNI Sources …and growing GENERAL SOURCES Bowker Books in Print BOWKER The European Library (48 national libraries) TEL Virtual International Authority File (33 libraries) VIAF RIGHTS MANAGEMENT Access Copyright, Canada ACCE Authors’ Guild AGLD Authors’ Licensing and Collecting Society, UK ALCS Centrum Dienstverlening Auteurs- en aanverwante Rechten, Netherlands CEDA Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos CEDR Irish Copyright Licensing Agency ICLA Prolitteris, Switzerland PROL VG WORT, Germany VGWO MUSIC American Musicological Society AMS British Library Sound Archive BLSA International Performers’ Database Association IPDA MusicBrainz MUBZ RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS American Musicological Society AMS British Library Theses BRTH Digital Author identifier, Netherlands DAI Jisc Names Project, UK JNAM La Trobe University AU:VLU Modern Languages Association MLA OCLC Theses OCLCT ORCID and DataCite Interoperability Network ODIN AuthorClaim and RePec OPENL Proquest Theses PROQ Scholar Universe, Proquest SCHU Electronic tables of content ZETO ORGANISATIONS Boekenbank, Belgium BOEK Bowker Publishers BOWP Publishers Licensing Society, UK PLS Ringgold RING ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 5. Assigned 8.69 million Provisional: Possible 700,815 Provisional: Unassigned 9,287, 278 ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Assigned ISNIs November 2014 VIAF + non VIAF sources 4,870,099 3+ VIAF sources 428,988 2+ sources (not VIAF) 315,915 Unique name 2,735,449 Trusted single source (JISC, BOEK, RING) 342,231 Total 8,692,683 Authoritative, Unique, Trustful, Persistent 8.69 million persons 446,258 organisations Quality Usages + % confidence - % confidence Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 6. Assigned 8.69 million Provisional: Possible 700,815 Provisional: Unassigned 9,287, 278 Authoritative, Unique, Trustful, Persistent Public View assigned SRU access Persistent URL End user input ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Member / RAG View all SRU API Persistent URL Maintenance Merge Enrichment Online assignment API Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 7. Searching indexes ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Examples seedocument your code and > update date December 2013 Cn: ams & upd: > 201312 Your code and another’s code Cn: jnam & cn: proq Name Keyword not your code Nw: trobe not cn: auvlu Almost anything can be indexed Also available by SRU API See document ISNI search guidelines.doc http://www.isni.org/content/documents-related-database-enquiry Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 8. Browse ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Qulaity Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 9. Search by SRU API See Document: ISNI SRU search API guidelines.doc Example search by name keyword (pica.nw): ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability http://isni.oclc.nl/sru/?query=pica.nw+%3D+%22maloy%2Brebecca%22 &operation=searchRetrieve&recordSchema=isni-b This search is for the any records containing both “Rebecca” and “Maloy” in the name Response in XML enquiry response schema. ISNI enquiry response v2.xsd Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 10. Reports and Notifications • Bulk reports • Basic • Enriched • Notifications • Ad hoc reports • Report generator • WinIBW download • Statistics ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability See document ISNI Data contributors reports and notifications guidelines.doc http://www.isni.org/content/documents-related-data-submission-output Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 11. Enriched Bulk report ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 12. Notifications (PUSH after major update)) Someone else has matched & details You probably need to take action ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 13. Statistics Basic statistics Cross matches VIAF matches ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 14. VIAF Scope • Persons • Organisations • Works / uniform titles • Expressions • Meetings • Geographic • All public data ISNI database and system ISNI Scope • Persons • + musicians, researchers • Organisations • (excluding sparse) • (excluding undifferentiated) • Includes private data VIAF interoperability Quality VIAF and ISNI are Complementary Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 15. Harvard University Library 2014-11-18 ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality VIAF Scope Usages
- 16. So far we have added 2 million XR name title expression records to VIAF. These have been data mined from WorldCat. Note the expression indicate the translator http://www.slideshare.net/JaniferGatenby/multilingualism-ifla-2014-08 Harvard University Library 2014-11-18 ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages
- 17. VIAF Role • Ingest authority records from the world’s major national and research libraries • Make clusters • Expose and diffuse ISNI database and system ISNI Role VIAF interoperability • Create permanent IDs • By batch • On demand • Diffuse those IDs • Libraries, trade, rights management, professional societies, educational institutions Quality VIAF and ISNI are Complementary Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 18. ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability VIAF Traffic 1.47 million sessions p.a. Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 19. VIAF and ISNI are Complementary VIAF System • Harvester • Clustering mechanism (re-clustered monthly) • 5 web interface languages • Download in multiple formats • Linked data & SRU 1 million personal visitors p.a. ISNI database and system ISNI System VIAF interoperability • Batch load • Online request API • Web site (English only) • Allows end user input • Member input and correction • 16+ indexes • SRU; linked data • Quality Team monitoring & correcting • Diffusion, including corrections Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 20. Sustaining Differentiation 1. Thomas, Russell Film director http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1306805/ Works: Coldplay: live 2003, Really bend it like Beckham (2004), Bill Bailey Tinselworm 2. Thomas, Russell Brown, 1900- writing on education 3. Thomas, Russell Film director http://history.cfac.byu.edu/index.php/Thomas_Russell Professor of media arts at Brigham Young University. Films include: Redemption, Bonjour Danny Bonjour, Snell Show, Mr. Dungbeetle 4. Thomas, Russell Tenor from Miami http://www.russell-thomas.com/bio.asp 5. Thomas, Russell – professor of Music and Director of Jazz education at Jackson State University http://www.jsums.edu/music/faculty/dr-russell-thomas/ 6. Thomas, Russell J. 1966 writing on organic chemistry 7. Thomas, Russell N. 1973 8. Thomas, Russell Linwood, 1935 changed name to Al-Hajj Sayyd Abdul Al-Khabyyr – saxophonist 9. Thomas, Russell A. Writing on retail ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 21. 2012 • ISNI / VIAF identifiers 2013 • Full records; ISNI a VIAF source 2014 • ISNI records, verification mark Synchronisation ISNI to VIAF ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 22. Scalable Quality Ecosystem ISNI Database Harvested, Batch loaded; Online contributions Algorithms Notifications Data fixing Sampling Data Policy Enrichment Correction Curation Crowd sourcing Data contributors Harvard University Library 2014-11-18 ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages
- 23. End User Note ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability It seems 2 ISNIs has been assigned to the French singer Laïka Fatien (born 1968 in Paris): ISNI 0000 0000 8065 8419 and ISNI 0000 0000 7238 637X. I think the last one can be deleted. Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 24. End User Note ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Dear Sir / Madam, The ISNI 0000000117488848 refers to "Marco Antonio Casanova", Professor at the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. I am not the author of "Fragmentos póstumos. - Nietzsche uma introdução filosófica" or "Segunda consideração intempestiva da utilidade e desvantagem da história para a vida". The author of these works is "Marco Antonio dos Santos Casa Nova". You may confirm this information by consulting our CVs at the Brazilian Research Council: Marco Antonio Casanova (me): http://lattes.cnpq.br/0400232298849115 Marco Antonio dos Santos Casa Nova (the other author): http://lattes.cnpq.br/3409704326617178 Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 25. End User Input – enriches, merges, splits c. 10 to 50 a week and growing Nightly email to QT QT being enlarged with more national libraries Goal – response within 3 days Maintains clusters at cluster level All concerned sources are notified ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 26. La Trobe University Links: 3,427 ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Linked Data: isni.org/isni/ Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 27. La Trobe University: 1,864 VIAF Links Linked Data: isni.org/isni/ ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 28. Iconoclaste, Québec ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 29. Irish Copyright Licensing Agency ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages 2423 records entered online Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 30. ISNI researchers ORCID Assigned 2,553,949 1 million Links 6,464,362 ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality Usages ORCID Interoperability ISNI ORCID Public Identity Self Registration Linked data; works associations Submitting articles for publication Curated crowd sourcing Grant submissions • ORCID IDs are ISNIs • Identical structure and check digit calculation • Reserved range supplied to ORCID and cannot be applied by the ISNI system • ORCID using SRU API into ISNI • Reciprocal technical representation • La Trobe wants to populate ORCID from ISNI • Which is the preferred identifier? It is simple technically to: • Store both, allow enquiry on both, resolve both & • Display and diffuse one as the preferred identifier Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
- 31. OCLC ResearchTask Forces Support ISNI ISNI database and system VIAF interoperability Quality • http://oclc.org/research/publica Usages tions/library/2014/oclcresearch -registering-researchers-2014- overview.html Innovative clustering Organisations in ISNI Task Force (OCLC Research Partners) Looking at quality, completeness, diffusion and engagement Harvard University Library 2014-11-18
Notas del editor
- Multiple domains
- ISNI makes available to the public 8.69 million identities. Among these identities it has created 21.38 million links. These links do not count the links between VIAF sub sources; i.e. they are really valuable links because they are likely to lead to different information
- For batch loading, ISNI assignment is not guaranteed. Criteria for assignment: 2 or more independent sources or 3 VIAF sources, or the name is unique. Unique name assignment requires the forenames to be complete (i.e. not initials), and the metadata to not be sparse. Some sources whose data is trusted to be fully differentiated and deduplicated are used as base data and single source assignment. For online assignment applications ISNI assignment is assured providing that the data passes the sparseness test and an assertion is made that the database has already been searched.
- The public only see the blue section. Members are able to see the entire database and most detail in the record (except private data)
- The blue box indicates the location of documentation on enquiry of the database. The indexes availbale in the members view are extensive, permitting multiple views of the data. Example are in the pink box – e.g. combining a source code with update data, or with another source.
- The system also includes a browse capability on most indexes. On the left is the name index and on the right a more unusual index, permitting to find records by number of sources.
- Machine to machine enquiry. This is available in both private and public mode
- Reports are sent after each major update and also available on demand. Bulk reports are on request, notifications are pushed from the system.
- When events occur on records in the ISNI database, all sources concerned are notified. The notification is in the form of a regular monthly XML report. Notification fields for matches (tells you someone else has matched your data) Recipient source code (028C $2) Source of incoming record Date/time of match Matching data string Matching data type (name and dates, name and title, partial name, date, title) Matching score Total evaluation score Date/time stamp of notification Notification fields for errors (you need to take action) Type of error: merge, duplicate, dataError or split Recipient source code Recipient local identifier Date/time stamp of field creation Data field contents Data field identifier, (e.g 021A = title) Date/time stamp of notification Should be Correct ISNI ExplanatoryText
- ISNI’s scope overlaps but is not identical to VIAF’s scope. For persons, ISNI includes all VIAF (except sparse and undifferentiated records) plus includes many persons involved with music and research not present in VIAF. Also, unlike VIAF, ISNI includes private data that may be used for matching but not displayed or diffused publically. Such data includes dates of birth (actors in particular do not like their dates of birth publicized because it limits the parts that they are offered). Rights management associations are also not permitted to reveal the relationships between real persons and pseudonyms. Witness the recent case of JK Rowling publishing crime novels under a pseudonym and being irked that her cover was revealed by her Lawyers.
- The is from the last VIAF annual report. Most of the records in VIAF are for persons. Note that VIAF has 35 million persons but ISNI has fewer – because it eliminates spare and undifferentiated records.
- The VIAF annual report does not include the 2 million records that have been generated by mining WorldCat for translations. This is my other major project at OCLC and more information can be found on slide share.
- ISNI’s role is different from VIAF’s. ISNI creates a permanent ID and is required to keep the ID as stable as possible, and where it changes must diffuse corrections. ISNI diffuses cross domain – libraries, trade, rights management, professional societies, education.
- This slide shows the traffic on the VIAF file; the sister file of ISNI. This is a page from the annual report. This shows 1.47 million sessions in a year. ISNI’s figures do not compare, we have recently reached 14,000 visits a day.
- ISNI includes an online request and maintenance capability Improved data quality and confidence Anomaly reports – 7,000 date anomalies (>50% represent real errors) Merge, split and data error reports (c. 5,000) Matching improvements Dates, common surnames, longest name form, weightings, new elements Detection of UNIMARC Conversion errors parallel main names, name variant conversion, related names conversion, missed data Pseudonyms Feedback, record links (c. 70,000) More widely diffused linked data Proposal for inter-operation – joint notification, shared maintenance
- This slide indicates how difficult it can be to sustain differentiation with a purely harvesting model. In this example, there are 9 identities with the name Thomas, Russell (and even more Russell, Thomas). They are easy to confuse 2 film directors, 3 musicians. Once ISNI fixes up these records by splitting, it puts a VIAF protect flag on the records to prevent further automatic update and it also notifies VIAF via a verification flag that signals to VIAF to treat these records as XA police records.
- In 2012, ISNIs were sent to VIAF. In 2013, the decision was taken to includes ISNI as a source in VIAF so ISNI started sending full records to VIAF for all assigned records that contained a VIAF code, including all restricted data from nonVIAF sources. In 2014, as well as records containing a VIAF code, records containing an ISNI code are now being sent to VIAF, including those created by the pseudonym programs or created manually by the ISNI Quality Team. The VIAF records that have been edited manually by the ISNI quality team contain a verification mark so that it can be used in the VIAF clustering process.
- Living online database. ISNI’s system has a focus on quality. The data contributors load data and are responsible for the quality of their own data. OCLC as the assignment agency
- Web interface for error reporting, enriching, detecting duplicates for data contributors Web interface for public Client for full maintenance including streamlined procedures* for Quality Team Notifications to data contributors Data Sampling* Data Anomaly checks (dates, pseudonyms)* Fixes to incoming data (pre and post load)* Data enrichment to increase matching (Dewey)*
- This is a typical input from an end user of the ISNI database. The requests are coming in on average 2-3 a day. The requests are almost all very high quality as per above and most (to our surprise) include an email so that we respond with the action taken. ISNI also engages to notify all sources in case of a fixed error.
- End user input is giving recommendations for merging, splitting and enriching.
- La Trobe University is our pilot site for loading data from an institution registry. By loading, they found that half their data matched with the 12 ISNI sources for researchers. Thus they only have to look at the other half. The first load created 437 links to VIAF cluster records but 1,864 links to VIAF sources. They are aiming to achieve 100% assignment by the end of the year by using the web interface to find records to manually merge or enriching the data to achieve online assignment.
- Iconoclaste in Québec has created software that makes a « Birth certificate » for music. During the process it access the ISNI database using SRU enquiry and retrieves name and ISNI. This can be accepted or refused. If nothing is found or the retrieved data is refused, the software uses the AtomPub API to create and ISNI assignment request and thus receives an ISNI.
- In the “real” Dublin, the ICLA has chosen to enter all their data using the web interface. It is impressive that they have created 2.423 records using this interface.
- Total researchers in ISNI 3,55 million; 990,000 provisional records in addition to those above ISNI and ORCID play complementary roles. ISNI enables a researcher to find his public identity and to correct it via the “yellow box”. ISNI creates links among its sources who are able to re-distribute to sub sources. ORCID is self registering and self diffusing.
- OCLC Research is supporting ISNI in multiple projects: OCLC Research partners task force on organisations in ISNI. Similarity vector clustering techniques being looked into by 2 OCLC researchers in the Leiden office OCLC Research task force on representing researchers in authority files Linked data surveys, including ISNI.