3. Definition
Modalior commission :-
“Curriculum includes all
the learner’s experiences
in or outside that are
included in a program
which has been devised
to help him develop
physically, emotionally,
socially, spiritually and
morally.”
4. Definition
A statement or written description of
activities of a given programme.
A simple way of considering the
curriculum is to see in terms of four facets:
Content, methods, purposes and
evaluation.
PJ Hills (1982)
5. Purpose of curriculum
To guide teacher and learner
To maintain the standard of service,
education and research
To fulfill the need of the people
To protect society from harm
6. Components of curriculum
Objectives of the course/programme
Course contents
Methods
Materials
Time and place
Methods of assessment
7. Curriculum Determinants
The curriculum is dynamic & will change, as the
influencing forces will differ with the time, like
changes in knowledge, changes in concepts of the
learner and the learning process, changes in school
conditions &the widening of expectations of the role
of the society.
The sociopolitical & economical situations; human
& material resources; the advancement in science
& technology; the external & internal support
received, and the like will always have power over
the curriculum & hence called the curriculum
determinants
8. Curriculum determinants includes all those
factors that influence in some way or other the
process of curriculum making as well as the
implementation of curriculum.
The influencing factors could have its origin in:
Philosophy
Psychology
Science
Economics
Sociology
Politics
10. A curriculum planner should take into
account of all those power factors existing
within and outside the school system that
may influence the curriculum design as well
as its implementation.
11. Factors influence the curriculum
design/plan/implementation such as follows:
Power outside the System; the society is both a
source and influence whereby the school develops
its objectives and curriculum. Some of the forces/
factors that exert a profound influence on
curriculum are as follows:
Sociopolitical Forces: : Democratic ideals of
pluralistic society reflected as social equity and
justice in terms of policies on “equity of opportunity;”
“regional balance”, “inclusiveness” and “self
determination”, etc will influence the curriculum.
12. Cont. Scientific and Technological Development: The
state of advancement in scientific knowledge and
access to modern technology affects not only the
nature of curriculum but also the implementation
of curriculum through its capability to use
different educational technology.
Educational policy: Educational policy and
regulation as the national and university level is
the major factor that influences the type of
programme offered in a country as well as the
nature of the curriculum
13. Cont…
Educational Philosophy : In case of
professional education, it is shaped both by the
social environment and by the stage of
development of professionals( the function of
professional association and the council)
delivering the service.
Academic Support from Other Disciplines: The
support from other discipline is decisive factor in
determining which subject should be the part of
core curriculum and what content should it cover.
Similarly, the interest of particular academic
discipline is also important factor to considered.
14. Cont…
The Society: The demand by the local community,
parents, clients and authorities as what capabilities are
expected in the students are seen as the external
influencing factors. Hence the expectations of society,
professions, potential employers need to be
considered.
The Political Commitment : No educational system
can escape from the political community in which
operates. Only with the support from the people at the
policy making level, the education system can include
the changes it sought to bring in the community.
Further, the university’s commitment to
internationalization of curriculum is an important factor.
15. Cont…
Feedback from Hiring Agencies: The feedback
from the supervisors of the graduates in terms of
their strength and weakness as human resources
necessitates curriculum review.
International community: As the world has
become a global village today, it is demanded
that the students from one country get admission
to educational institutions easily. Hence both the
educational policy and educational standard of
one country are needed to be at par with other
country.
16. Cont.
Power within the System: for the successful
implementation of the curriculum it is vital for
both the curriculum planners as well as the
implementers to recognize the influencing
factors existing within the system and use it for
their benefits.
Acceptance of the Curriculum:The curriculum
has to be well understood and accepted both by
the educational administrator as well as the
teachers who are responsible to implement it as
necessary change, and they should be ready to
try it out.
17. Cont…
In order to facilitate the acceptance the following
can be done.
Involve the institutional head as well as
teacher in curriculum development process.
Involve teachers in the developing the
evaluation system( plan & the measurement
tool)
Involve the students in review. In fact students’
feedback should always be
considered in reviewing the curriculum
18. Cont…
Effectiveness of the educational Leadership:
The principal/ campus chief’s capacity to act as
change agent plays an important role in the
curriculum review and effective implementation
of the curriculum.
Support from Higher Authority : It includes
moral support as well as materialistic and logistic
support received in the curriculum development
as well as in its implementation.
19. Cont…
Faculty Resources: The success of
implementing curriculum depends upon the
adequacy and the capabilities of teachers in
terms of number and the knowledge, skills and
attitude they possess.
The Social Climate of the School: This is
called organizational health and is manifested in
terms of the morale of teachers and other staff
within that institution. If the morale is high any
innovation will be accepted more easily.
20. Cont…
The status of Learning Resources: This include
physical set up like classroom, boarding facilities,
library common room etc. ; educational equipments
( types, number and their maintenance) ;text book
and reference material; and other logistics.
Students Acceptance of the Curriculum: If
students find that the learning opportunities planned
for them infeasible in terms of translating into the
reality, it will be compel the curricular planners as
well as the implementers to revise them. Also, drop
out rate of the students strongly reflects the
acceptance of the programme/ curriculum by the
students.
21. Cont…
Budgetary State: Definite financial sources
and their strong commitment to support the
programme, and farsighted financial plan
leading to self- sufficiency in future is needed
for the sustenance of the curriculum or
educational programme planned.
Administrative Support : Each and every
person working within the educational
institution contribute significantly one way or
other in smooth running of the programme.
22.
23. References
Chaube S.P.(2002)Foundations of education (2nd
edi)New Delhi:
Vikas publishing house pvt. Ltd india
Iwasiw C.L. & Goldenberg D.(2010) Curriculum development in
nursing education (2nd
edi.) New Delhi: Jones and bartlett pvt
ltd india
Neeraja KP.(2003)Textbook of education (1st
edi.)NewDelhi:Jaypee
brothers medical publishers (p) Ltd
Singh .,(2012) Essentials of education(2nd
edi.) Kathmandu: J B
singh Hisi offset printers pvt Ltd
Thappa B.(2003) Nursing education( 1st
edi) New Delhi: Jaypee
brothers medical publishers (p) Ltd
SharmaS.(2014) Curriculum and its determinants Retrieved
from:http://www.slideshare.net/.../
