Hazards and safety management. Organic synthesis hazard, sulphonating hazards and organic solvent hazards. M-pharm (QAT) By: Khushboo Kunkulol. Alard college of pharmacy.

1. CHEMICAL BASED
HAZARDS
Prepared by: Khushboo Kunkulol.
Guided by: Dr Madhuri Shelar ma’am.
Alard college of Pharmacy.

2. Content:
• Introduction to Chemical hazards.
• Sulphonating hazards.
• Organic Solvent hazards.
• Control measure for chemical hazards.

3. Chemical Hazards:
• Chemical hazard is type of occupational hazard caused by exposure to
chemical in workplace.
• Exposure to chemical in workplace can cause acute or long term
detrimental health effect.

4. Types of Chemical Hazards:
• Irritant Chemical.
• Sensitizer.
• Toxic chemicals.
• Anaesthetic and Narcotic.
• Systematic poison.
• Carcinogens.

5. Organic synthesis hazards:
• Organic compound those which contain carbon along other
important compounds.
• Many organic compound are highly volatile in nature, such
compounds are called as VOC’s (Volatile Organic
Compound).
• Concentration depends on vapour pressure and it increases
with temperature.
• Lower vapour pressure gives lower vapour concentration.

6. Where is exposure of VOC’s likely to occur?

8. Individual Organic Compound also have their effect:

9. Sulphonationg hazards:
• The introduction of sulphonic acid group in benzene ring is
called as sulphonation.
• When benzene is heated with fuming sulphuric acid or
concentrated sulphuric acid it yields benzene sulphonic
acid.
• The sulphonating hazard is due to the corrosive nature of
six- membered ring structure and fumes of Sulphur
trioxide.

10. E.g. Ethyl methanesulfonate
• Ethyl methanesulfonate is sulphonating agent.
• Ethyl methanesulfonate is a mutagenic, teratogenic, and
carcinogenic organic compound.
• It produces random mutations in genetic material by
nucleotide substitution

11. Organic Solvent Hazard
• ORGANIC SOLVENTS are one of the most trivialized
hazards.
• They are used for a million purposes in chemical reactions.
• Some of the regularly used organic solvents are Acetone,
Acetonitrile, Cyclohexane, and Ethanol, Methyl alcohol,
Toluene and xylene.
• Organic solvents can be carcinogens, reproductive hazards,
and neurotoxins.
• Carcinogenic organic solvents include benzene, carbon
tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene.
• Organic solvents recognized as reproductive hazards include
2-ethoxyethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, and methyl chloride.

12. • Almost every organic solvent is health hazard if swallowed or inhaled more than
the listed quantity.
• Most of the organic solvents are skin irritants if came contact with the skin.
• The Impact will be based on the Concentration of the solvent and duration of
exposure and the toxicity of the solvent.
• Signs and symptoms suggestive of CNS involvement range from headaches,
tiredness, and dizziness to behavioral changes, unconsciousness, and death.
Acetonitrile:
• Acetonitrile is a harmful substance that has unfriendly wellbeing impacts and can
prompt Death.
• The potential for Acetonitrile danger relies on upon the sum, course, time and
recurrence of exposure.
• By inward breath of Acetonitrile vapors or by the retention of the fluid or vapors
through the skin and eyes the introduction occurs in human body.
• Indications are typically stomach torment, writhing’s, worked breathing,
shortcoming, obviousness and redness in the skin and eyes.

13. Toluene:
• The CNS is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both
humans and animals for acute and chronic exposures.
• The individuals exposed to toluene for longer durations suffer CNS
disorders and narcosis showing following symptoms Headache,
Nausea, and drowsiness.
• Exposure at higher concentrations result Cardiac arrhythmia.
Xylene:
• Xylene is a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon widely used pharmaceutical
industries and research agencies as solvent.
• Xylene threshold limit value in the working environment is 100ppm.
• Xylene vapour is absorbed rapidly through the lungs, and xylene
liquid and vapour are absorbed slowly through the skin.

14. Control methods for chemical hazards:
Designated Area
Engineering Controls:
• Dilution Ventilation
• Local Exhaust Ventilation
• Fume Hoods
Work Practice Controls:
• Chemical Transportation
• No Eating, Drinking and Smoking
• Pipetting( No oral pipetting)
• Personal Hygiene
• Housekeeping
Standard Operating Procedure.

15. Personal Protective equipment's Examples:
• Protective clothing
• Gloves
• Eye Protection
• Respirators
• Face Shields
Management of Over Exposure to Chemicals:
• Removal from Exposure
• Resuscitation
• Decontamination
• Symptomatic Treatment.

16. References:
• https://www.slideshare.net/mikeslater/organic-compounds-health-
hazards
• https://www.slideshare.net/AmrutaBalekundri/hazard-and-safety-
managment
• cdc.gov/niosh/topics/organsolv/default.html#:~:text=Organic%20solv
ents%20can%20be%20carcinogens,-
methoxyethanol%2C%20and%20methyl%20chloride.