This document discusses mainstreaming nutrition into food security interventions in Nigeria. It defines malnutrition and outlines Nigeria's nutrition situation, which includes high rates of stunting and wasting. It explains the link between food insecurity and malnutrition, noting that insufficient food access can lead to inadequate dietary intake and malnutrition. The document proposes several opportunities for collaboration between the food security and nutrition sectors, such as joint assessments, targeting nutritionally vulnerable groups for assistance, promoting nutrition-sensitive programming, sharing nutrition messaging, and referral of malnourished children to health facilities.
3. Nigeria
Nutrition Sector Coordination.
3
Content
• What is malnutrition
• Why should we worry about malnutrition
• Nigeria nutrition situation
• Link between food security and Malnutrition
• Possible areas of collaboration between FS and Nutrition
sector.
4. Nigeria
Nutrition Sector Coordination.
4
What is malnutrition
• Chronic Malnutrition
Stunting HAZ (Child is too short for
their age) – Long-term
manifestation
• Acute Malnutrition- wasting
WHZ – short term
manifestation/sudden onset
• Individuals are malnourished, or suffer from undernutrition
if their diet does not provide them with adequate calories
and protein for maintenance and growth, or they cannot
fully utilize the food they eat due to illness.
• Malnutrition can also be defined as the insufficient,
excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients.
6. Nigeria
Nutrition Sector Coordination.
6
REFERRAL CRITERIA FOR MALNOURISHED PERSONS
MUAC CATEGORY ACTION
• <11.5cm for
children
• Severe
malnutrition
• Refer urgently to health facility for
immediate assistance
• 11.5- <12.5cm
• < 21cms for P&L
women
• Moderate
malnutrition
• Refer to health facility where
services for management at risk and
moderate malnutrition are available
Severity PREVALENCE OF GLOBAL ACUTE MALNUTRTION (GAM)
Acceptable < 5%
Poor 5-9%
Serious 10-14%
Critical >= 15%
Nutrition emergencies benchmarks and thresholds
7. Nigeria
Nutrition Sector Coordination.
7
Management of acute malnutrition
Screening
Children with
Moderate Malnutrition
Supplementary
Feeding Program
No
Malnutrition
Children with Severe
Malnutrition
No Complications Complications
Outpatient
Therapeutic Care
InpatientTherapeutic
Care
8. Nigeria
Nutrition Sector Coordination.
8
WHY SHOULD WE WORRY?
Malnutrition is closely linked with child
mortality.
Malnutrition has long-term adverse
effects.
Poor cognitive development
leading to reduced school
achievement and work
performance
Mental and Physical development
is delayed or retarded
Immune system is impaired –
frequent episodes of infection
Poor development of foetus and
Low birth weight if pregnant
women is malnourished
RISK OF
DEATH
ACUTE
MALNUTRITION
INCREASETHERISKOF
STUNTEDGROWTH
ANDDEVELOPMENT
CHILDREN
SUFFERING FROM
MODERATE ACUTE
MALNUTRITION
ARE3 TIMES
MORE LIKELY TO DIE
THAN HEALTHY CHILDREN
IFTHEY HAVE
SEVERE ACUTE
MALNUTRITION
THEY ARE 9 TIMES
MORE LIKELY TO DIE
LIKELY TO SUCCUMB TO
INFECTIONS
MEANWHILE
INFECTIONS
WORSEN THESEVERITY
OFTHEMALNUTRITION
CHILDREN MAY NOT
GROW TOTHEIR
FULLPOTENTIAL
ORREACH THEIROPTIMUM
MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
EPISODES OF
HIGHER
CHILDREN ARE MORE
11. Nigeria
Nutrition Sector Coordination.
11
Link between food security and Malnutrition
• Food insecurity is one of the main underlying causes of malnutrition as
conceptualized in the model below. Insufficient access to food leads to
inadequate dietary intake, which in turn can lead to malnutrition.
• Although food insecurity is rarely the only cause of malnutrition, which in most
cases is also accompanied by high disease rates, it has nevertheless a great
impact, especially in emergency situations.
13. Nigeria
Nutrition Sector Coordination.
13
Opportunities for FS integration with the nutrition Sector
• Joint food nutrition security assessments
• Maximizing nutrition impact by targeting same areas/beneficiaries
i. Targeting the nutritionally vulnerable for CBT
ii. Targeting HH with malnourished children for IGA, Seeds and tools or CFW.
• Nutrition sensitive programming (distribution of crops and vegetables seeds nutritionally
enriched. Extra calories for pregnant and lactating mother) Nutrition messaging
i. infant and young child feeding
ii. Utilization of food
• Nutrition information and CH analysis
• Common behaviour messaging and Common advocacy messages
• FS Partners screening and referral of malnourished children to health facilities with
CMAM.
![Nutrition Sector
Nigeria
[22 March 2016]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/8e7a26d8-134d-427c-b64f-48b43a92195a-160322183613/85/20160322-Nutrition-presentation-in-FS-sector-meeting-1-320.jpg)
