Data-driven analysis of economic activity, human behavior, mobility patterns, resource consumption, etc. in order to inform an evidence-based process of designing new cities

1. City Science: Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems Ryan Chin, Ph.D. Managing Director City Science Initiative MIT Media Lab rchin@mit.edu

2. MIT Media Lab School of Architecture and Planning

3. 27 Anti-disciplinary Research Groups
Affective Computing
Biomechatronics
Camera Culture
Changing Places
Civic Media
Cognitive Machines
Digital Intuition
Fluid Interfaces
High-Low Tech
Human Dynamics
Information Ecology
Lifelong Kindergarten
Macro Connections
Mediated Matter
Molecular machines New Media Medicine Object-Based Media Opera of the Future Personal Robots Playful Systems Responsive Environments Social Computing Software Agents Speech + Mobility Synthetic Neurobiology Tangible Media Viral Spaces

4. 80 Corporate Sponsors ($45M per year)
Aegis Media APX Labs Bank of America Benesse Corporation Berwind BT Cisco Systems, Inc. Comcast Culture Convenience Club Co., Ltd. Deloitte LP DENSO Dentsu Inc. / ISID Digital Garage DirecTV eBay, Inc. EMC Corporation Fidelity Center for Applied Technology Fleury Fujitsu Limited FutureWei Technologies, Inc./Huawei GlaxoSmithKline Google Hallmark Cards, Inc. Hasbro, Inc.
Hearst Corporation Hisense Co. Ltd. Hyundai Motor Company ICICI Bank IDEO Infocast Limited Intel Intuit Inc. Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc. * The LEGO Group Lockheed Martin LG Electronics, Inc. Microsoft Corporation Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Natura NEC Corporation New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. News Corporation Nokia Corporation Northrop Grumman Olympus Corporation Panasonic Corporation Pearson Inc. QUALCOMM Incorporated
RR Donnelley Saudi Aramco Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Sensormatic Electronics Corp. Schneider Electric SA Shell SingTel Starcom Mediavest Group State Farm State of Minas Gerais Steelcase Inc. TCL Multimedia TED Telecom Italia * The Asahi Shimbun Company Time Inc. TOPPAN Printing Co., Ltd. Toyota Motor Corporation Toshiba Corporation Toys"R"Us, Inc. Trends Media Co., Ltd. Verizon Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. Yamaha Corporation*

5. Kismet – Personal Robots (Prof. Cynthia Breazeal) MIT Media Lab

6. E-Ink Spin-off by Professsor Joe Jacobson MIT Media Lab, Molecular Machines Group

7. Power Ankle by Professor Hugh Herr
MIT Media Lab, Biomechantronics Group

8. Guitar Hero (spun out of Opera of the Future Group) MIT Media Lab, Professor Tod Machover

9. One Laptop Per Child (Nicholas Negroponte)
MIT Media Lab non-profit spin-off

10. Mediated Matter (Prof. Neri Oxman) MIT Media Lab Research Group

11. Mediated Matter (Prof. Neri Oxman) MIT Media Lab Research Group

12. New Network-Centric Methods for Managing reactive, data-driven city systems Replace one-size-fits-all systems with exchange networks in order to obtain more stable, fair and socially efficient services Dynamic Incentives for rebalancing shared-use and interactive systems Urban-scale serious games to shape use of resources such as shared-use mobility, variable-rate power, and flexible workplaces
Multi-modal mobility recommendation engines New urban vehicles including electric scooters, automobiles, bike-lane vehicles, etc.
Data-driven analysis of economic activity, human behavior, mobility patterns, resource consumption, etc. in order to inform an evidence-based process of designing new cities

13. New Network-Centric Methods for Managing reactive, data-driven city systems
Replace one-size-fits-all systems with exchange networks in order to obtain more stable, fair and socially efficient services
Dynamic Incentives for rebalancing shared-use and interactive systems
Urban-scale serious games to shape use of resources such as shared-use mobility, variable-rate power, and flexible workplaces
Multi-modal mobility recommendation engines New urban vehicles including electric scooters, automobiles, bike-lane vehicles, etc.

14. Energy
Buffer
Electronic nervous systems, from the scale of the human body to the city Trust networks to provide security and insure privacy for otherwise invasive systems that make use of personal activity data
Dynamic smart grids that respond to human mobility and behavior patterns Electric (DC) microgrids for compact urban cells and renewable energy
Transformable and customizable urban housing that combines live/work functionality.

18. CityHome: CityCar Dispenser & Urban FarmingCoordinated with 4.154 Architecture StudioTaught by Shun KandaResearch Areas – Electric Mobility Systems, New Energy Systems, New Technologies Enabling Art, Culture, and Design,Transformable Housing, Urban Farming, and Rethinking the Streetscape. Expected Student Deliverables – Students will collaborate in small teams and propose well- crafted design solutions through illustrations, building scale prototypes (working and non-working), back-of-the-envelope calculations, videos, and other types of media. Course Collaborators – Nicholas Pennycooke, Daniel Smithwick, Praveen Subramani, Jenny Broutin, Brandon Martin-Anderson, Shawn Salzberg, Topper Carew, Tyrone Yang, Haiser Larrea Tamayo, Jet SiZhi Zhou, Ira Winder. Course Description – The destruction from the events of 3.11 in Japan has forced communities to re-question the concept of resiliency. This class will focus on the design of resilient communities in Tokoku, Japan, by developing new and scaleable housing, mobility, and energy systems. These systems should be designed to be adaptive, robust, reconfigurable, redundant, and exhibit self- healing much like wireless mesh networks in computing. Participants of the course will have the opportunity to travel to Japan during spring break for a one-week design charrette. We will work with community leaders, sponsors, and local universities to design “Living Lab” experiments that can be deployed and tested in Tohoku. Prior to going to Japan, teams will focus on developing key components of a resilient city – in a generalizable fashion – that could scale to new cities in China, India, and Latin America. New Energy Systems for Electric VehiclesEnergy BufferCityHome: Transformable Housing Shared Electric Mobility SystemsRethinking the Streetscape Post-Tsunami JapanPermission of InstructorG (Spring), Units: 3-0-9Wednesdays 230-530pmFirst Class, 230pm, Feb. 8Room E14-525Instructors Kent Larson, Ryan Chinhttp://cp.media.mit.edu/education/classesDesigning New Resilient CitiesMIT Living Labs Workshop ( MAS.552J, 4.557J ) kll@mit.edu, rchin@media.mit.edu

24. 24
Cities: 90% of Population Growth

25. 25
Cities: 93% of Patented Inventions

26. What enables creative, innovative entrepreneurial, high-performance places?

27. density increases interactions
diversity brings connections
Innovation Density + Diversity + Proximity + Social Ties

28. Proximity Increases Communication
Distance of Separation
Frequency of Communication
Thomas J. Allen
(MIT Professor of Management Emeritus)
Allen Curve: Proximity brings greater frequency of Communication

29. Paul Krugman (Nobel Prize Laureate)
Geo-economical theory: Proximity brings close and dense interactions between manufacturers
Manufacturing Density Increases Interactions

30. Firm Density Increases Wages
Density of Tech Firms
Average Wages

31. Waber, et al.2010; Pan et al, 2011; Cebrian et al. 2011. Ductor, 2010.
Social Ties Increase Productivity

32. Social Tie Density Increases GDP
Social Tie Engagement Density
GDP per square mile

33. Density Reduces Energy/Person
Population Density
Energy (Transportation) per person

34. Population Density: Good & Bad
Population (Millions of People)
Normalized Scale
AIDS cases
Crime
Patents
GDP
R&D…..
(Energy Efficiency)
(Water Efficiency)
(Arts Activity)

35. Cities with dense urban cores have:
•higher levels of skilled and talented people
•higher wages
•greater rates of innovation and productivity
•more companies focused on science and technology
•More organizations in the arts and entertainment
•lower water and energy consumption (per capita)
•higher levels of happiness (modest correlation)

36. Cities with dense urban cores have:
•higher levels of skilled and talented people
•higher wages
•greater rates of innovation and productivity
•more companies focused on science and technology
•More organizations in the arts and entertainment
•lower water and energy consumption (per capita)
•higher levels of happiness (modest correlation) Higher density can also bring:
•increased noise
•more traffic congestion
•more air pollution
•loss of contact with nature
•increased crime
•increased drug use
•more disease

37. 37
© 2013 Centre for Liveable Cities and Urban Land Institute
Population Density: Good & Bad Livability
Livability
Population Destiny (People/km2)

38. 38
If all 7 billion people on earth were concentrated in one city at the density of Paris, it would be this size

39. !

41. 1 Modeling Urban Systems (to manage density and promote interactions)

42. Milan

43. 20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
Paris Arrondissements

44. Paris Cafes

45. Paris Shops

46. Paris Physicians

47. Paris Pharmacies

49. Urban LEGO Unit (LU)
10m x 10m x 1 story = 100SM (1,076SF)
Revenue / LU Activities / LU People / LU Energy / LU Vehicles / LU Vegetables / LU ……..

50. 10m x 10m x 1 story = 100SM (1,076SF) People / LU = 2 workers (restaurants, cafes) People / LU = 300 customers (Starbucks per day)
RETAIL BLOCK (YELLOW)

51. Apartment Tower Single Loaded Corridor
20m x 10m x 15 stories = 3,000SM
People = 60

52. Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

54. 54
Avatar Holotable

55. CityScope, Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

56. Satellite View
CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

57. Land Use
CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

58. Mobility
CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

59. Solar Radiation
CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

60. Wind Flows
CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

61. Tweets
CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

62. Tweets
CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

63. Venture Capital
CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

64. CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

65. 65
CityScope, New City, Brisbane Urban Design Use Case

66. 66
CityScope, Riyadh Urban Design Use Case

67. 3D Projection Mapping
CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

68. Shanghai scale model
Shanghai Scale Model

69. 2 Mobility-on-Demand for Cities (creating alternatives to the private automobile)

70. Congestion
(Beijing)

71. Congestion
(Bangalore)

72. Pollution
(Shanghai)

73. Particulate Matter Levels in Beijing (Source: V. Karplus)

74. Sprawl
(Los Angeles)

75. Sprawl
(Mexico City)

76. Sprawl
(Riyadh)

77. Tower Sprawl
(Guangzhou)

78. Walking (Privileged Mode)
Shared Bikes
Shared Electric Bikes
Shared Electric Tram/Bus
Shared Electric PEVs
Shared CityCars
Shared Electric Scooters
Mobility-on-Demand Modes

80. CityCar Study in Singapore
CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

81. CityCar Prototype Hiriko Unveiling at European 1/2012
CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

82. CityCar Prototype Hiriko Unveiling at European 1/2012
CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

83. CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

84. Active Safety
Availability
Accessibility
Native integration
High utilization
Effic
i
ent des ign
Affordability
Autonomy Vehicle Sharing
Electrification
Sensor Networks
Urban Nervous System
Image: Emilio Frazzoli

85. 3
Food for Cities
(addressing nutrition and the challenges of
water and energy scarcity)

86. 100x Produce/land area
90% Less water
90% Less CO2
60% Less fertilizer

87. Industrial scale urban agriculture

88. 4 Hyper-efficient Housing (urban apartments for young professionals)

89. 300SF (27SM) Manhattan Micro-Unit

91. RoboWall System, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

92. Ceiling Deployed Bed System, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

94. Smart City Eco-City Sustainable City Green City Low-Carbon City Eco-Smart City

95. Smart City
Eco-City
Sustainable City
Green City
Low-Carbon City
Eco-Smart City

96. Increased Density
•Social tie density
•Residential density
•Employment density
•3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……

97. Increased Density
•Social tie density
•Residential density
•Employment density
•3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) …… + Increased Diversity
•Demographic diversity
•Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)
•Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)
•Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) ……

98. Increased Density
•Social tie density
•Residential density
•Employment density
•3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) …… + Increased Diversity
•Demographic & ethnic diversity
•Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)
•Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)
•Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) …… + New Urban Systems
• Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods
• Shared-use personal and public mobility
• Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc.
• Networks and urban nervous system ……

99. Increased Density
•Social tie density
•Residential density
•Employment density
•3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) …… + Increased Diversity
•Demographic diversity
•Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)
•Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)
•Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) …… + New Urban Systems
• Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods
• Shared-use personal and public mobility
• Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc.
• Networks and urban nervous system …… + Increased Events
•Festivals
•Hackathons
•Conferences ……

100. Increased Density
•Social tie density
•Residential density
•Employment density
•3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) …… + Increased Diversity
•Demographic diversity
•Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)
•Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)
•Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) …… + New Urban Systems
• Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods
• Shared-use personal and public mobility
• Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc.
• Networks and urban nervous system …… + Increased Events
•Festivals
•Hackathons
•Conferences …… High Innovation (Eco/Green/Smart/Low-Carbon City)

101. Cities for People (not machines)

102. City Science:
Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems
Ryan Chin, Ph.D.
Managing Director
City Science Initiative
MIT Media Lab
rchin@mit.edu

103. 5
Proactively Encouraging Interactions
(to promote innovation)

104. 104

105. 105

106. diversity connections

107. CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

108. CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

109. Persuasive Electric Vehicle (PEV) Michael Lin, Carson Smuts, Sandra Rickter - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

110. CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

111. Design of
Innovative,
High-Performance Places for People
Kent Larson
Changing Places

113. 113
Urban Garden (Kent Larson)

114. 114
Urban Garden (Kent Larson)

116. CityFarm Lab
Caleb Harper, Jason Nawyn - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

117. CityFarm Lab, Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

119. 119
CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Modeling Interactions

120. CityScope, Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab