This is a powerpoint requirement for our Computer Fundamentals subject, and I thought of making a ppt about Titration

1. Titration
Florendo, Marvin Ray R.

2. Titration
 Titration, also known as titrimetry, is a common
laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis
that is used to determine the unknown
concentration of an identified analyte.
 Because volume measurements play a key role in
titration, it is also known as volumetric analysis.
Florendo, Marvin Ray R.

3. Titration
 A reagent, called the
titrant or titrator is
prepared as a
standard solution.
 A known
concentration and
volume of titrant
reacts with a solution
of analyte or titrand to
determine
concentration.
Florendo, Marvin Ray R.
Indicator
Acid
Base
Titration

4. Titration
 Titration is a procedure used in chemistry in order
to determine the molarity of an acid or a base.
 A chemical reaction is set up between a known
volume of a solution of unknown concentration and
a known volume of a solution with a known
concentration.
Florendo, Marvin Ray R.

5. Titration
 The relative acidity (basicity) of an
aqueous solution can be determined
using the relative acid (base)
equivalents. An acid equivalent is
equal to one mole of H+ or H3O+ ions.
Similarly, a base equivalent is equal to
one mole of OH- ions.
 Keep in mind, some acids and bases
are polyprotic, meaning each mole of
the acid or base is capable of releasing
more than one acid or base equivalent.
Florendo, Marvin Ray R.

6.  When the solution of known concentration and the
solution of unknown concentration are reacted to
the point where the number of acid equivalents
equals the number of base equivalents (or vice
versa), the equivalence point is reached.
 The equivalence point of a strong acid or a strong
base will occur at pH 7. For weak acids and
bases, the equivalence point need not occur at pH 7.
There will be several equivalence points for
polyprotic acids and bases.
Florendo, Marvin Ray R.

7. How to Estimate the
Equivalence Point?
 There are two common methods of estimating the
equivalence point:
1. Use a pH Meter
For this method, a graph is made plotting the pH of
the solution as a function of the volume of added
titrant.
Florendo, Marvin Ray R.

8. How to Estimate the
Equivalence Point?
• 2. Use an Indicator
• This method relies on observing a color change in the
solution. Indicators are weak organic acids or bases that
are different colors in their dissociated and undissociated
states.
Because
they
are
used
in
low
concentrations, indicators do not appreciably alter the
equivalence point of a titration. The point at which the
indicator changes color is called the end point.
Florendo, Marvin Ray R.

9. How to Estimate the
Equivalence Point?
• For a properly performed titration, the volume
difference between the end point and the
equivalence point is small. Sometimes the
volume difference (error) is ignored; in other
cases a correction factor may be applied. The
volume added to achieve the end point may be
calculated using this formula:
• VANA = VBNB where V is volume, N is
normality, A is acid, and B is base.
Florendo, Marvin Ray R.

10. Florendo, Marvin Ray R.