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Internet gambling among youth: Should
           we be concerned?
     Jeffrey L. Derevensky, Ph.D.

     Professor, School/Applied Child
               Psychology
          Professor, Psychiatry

  International Centre for Youth Gambling
     Problems and High-Risk Behaviors

          McGill University
            www.youthgambling.com

       National Center for Responsible Gaming
             Las Vegas, November, 2010
Problem Severity Continuum
The new face of Internet
       gambling
Joe Cada, age 21, Community College dropout, winner
      World Series of Poker, 2009, $8.55 million
Jonathan Duhamel, age 23, University dropout, winner
      World Series of Poker, 2010, $8.944 million
www.pokerstars.net
Wagering via the Internet

•    Poker/card games
•    Casino games
•    Sports wagering
•    Reality shows
•    Celebrity adoptions, arrests, etc.
•    Any form of contest/Political race
Adolescent Internet use…
Internet Use         Media Awareness Network, 2009
•  In Canada, 99% of youth age 9-17 reported use of Internet, 94%
   have Internet access at home; 61% report having high speed
   access

•  37% report having their own Internet connections

•  89% of grade 4 school students play games on the Internet

•  Where no household rules exist for Internet use, 74% report an
   adult was never present when the child was on the Internet

•  94% of students’ top 50 Internet sites include marketing material

•  Large percentage of adolescents report observing Internet
   gambling pop-up messages & believe they were the target
   (Derevensky et al., 2008)
What we know about the Internet

•    Access is widespread
•    Access is inexpensive
•    Internet is anonymous
•    Internet is convenient
•    Internet is entertaining
•    Internet is used for many purposes
Prevalence Findings of Internet Wagering
  •  Vary considerably
  •  Dependent upon method & date of data
     collection
  •  Dependent upon population studied
  •  Difficulties collecting data have been
     articulated by Wood & Williams (2009)
Is Internet gambling problematic?
Some clinical evidence
Are Internet gamblers more likely to
          have problems?
Wood & Williams (2007) - Sample of on-line
   adult gamblers
•  Non-problem gamblers: 34%
•  At-risk gamblers: 24%
•  Moderate problem gamblers: 23%
•  Severe problem gamblers: 20%
•  2/3 of those respondents gambling on the
   Internet are likely to have problems
Two Internet gambling studies
         2004-2006
Frequency of Play on Internet Gambling Sites Without Money
       in the Past 12 Months by Gambling Severity

                                          Internet Gambling
                                            Without Money1
                           N = 2205
                                         Yes               No
                                      (n = 1082)       (n = 1123)

 Gambling Groups***

   Non Gambler            n = 726       33.9             66.1

   Social Gambler         n = 1278      56.6             43.4

  At-Risk Gambler         n = 129       74.4             25.6
   Probable
                          n = 72        80.6             19.4
   Pathological Gambler

 Total                                  49.1             50.9
 1Percentage.
 ***p<.001.
Frequency of Play on Internet Gambling Sites With Money
          in the Past 12 Months by Gambling Severity
                                                              Internet Gambling
                                                                 With Money1
                                  N = 2292
                                                        Yes                        No
                                                     (n = 183)                 (n = 2109)
Gambling Groups***

  Non Gambler                    n = 745                  0                       100

  Social Gambler                 n = 1333                9.5                     90.5

  At-Risk Gambler                n = 139                21.6                     78.4

  Probable
                                 n = 75                 34.7                     65.3
  Pathological Gambler
Total                                                   8.0*                     92.0

1Percentage              *13.1% males; 4.6% females are gambling on Internet
Follow-up study     (McBride & Derevensky, 2007)



•  Montreal high-school students: N =
   1113
•  Canadian and U.S. college and
   university students: N = 1273
•  On-line gaming newsletter link: N = 546
Use of “Demo/Practice” Sites
Gambling for Money on Internet
Gambling for Money on Internet
          Frequency
Gambling Severity by Sample
Reasons Youth Gamble on Internet
A new study (Meerkamper, 2010)
National Annenberg Survey of Youth
                         (Romer, 2010)

                   N=835 (2008) N=596 (2010)

At least once per month

•  Internet gambling among males 14-17 rose from 2.7% (2008) to
   6.2% (2010)
•  Internet gambling among males 18-22 rose from 4.4% (2008) to
   16.0% (2010)

•  Internet gambling among females 14-17 rose from 0.5% (2008)
   to 1.5% (2010)
•  Internet gambling among males 18-22 rose from 0.0% (2008) to
   4.4% (2010)
National Annenberg Survey of Youth
                         (Romer, 2010)

                    N=835 (2008) N=596 (2010)

Weekly

•  Internet gambling among males 14-17 decreased from 0.9%
   (2008) to 0.0% (2010)
•  Internet gambling among males 18-22 rose from 2.9% (2008) to
   3.8% (2010)

•  Internet gambling among females 14-17 stayed the same at
   0.0% (2008) and 0.0% (2010)
•  Internet gambling among females 18-22 rose from 0.0% (2008)
   to 1.3% (2010)
Responsible advertising???
Celebrity endorsements….
Parental behaviors….
Parental	
  percep+ons:	
  Serious	
  Youth	
  Issues	
  	
  
Issues	
  Impac+ng	
  Children	
  	
  
Does the Internet contribute to problem
        gambling among youth?
•  There is good news and bad news
•  The good news:
  –  Fewer youth than adults gamble on the Internet
•  The bad news:
  –  More youth are playing on “demo/practice” sites than
     sites for real money
  –  The reasons they give are “for practice”
  –  1/3 of the youth who are gambling for money are
     problem gamblers
•  Does “practice make perfect”?
  –  Is it just a matter of time before the “practice” players
     switch to gambling for real money?
Conclusions

•  Playing on Internet gambling sites without
   money is a common practice amongst
   adolescents and young adults
•  At-Risk and PPGs play on Internet with and
   without money more often than non-gamblers
   and social gamblers
•  22% of university students who do not
   gamble for money (either on or off the
   Internet) report playing on practice sites.
•  Gateway to gambling?
•  Internet wagers for money increases with
   severity of gambling problems
•  Most money won and lost increases by
   gambling severity
•  What is not known is how the easy
   accessibility of practice sites and appeal of
   “free” gambling games contribute to
   development of problem gambling
Some concerns
2010 Conference - Internet Gambling and Responsible Gaming (Derevensky)
2010 Conference - Internet Gambling and Responsible Gaming (Derevensky)
2010 Conference - Internet Gambling and Responsible Gaming (Derevensky)
2010 Conference - Internet Gambling and Responsible Gaming (Derevensky)

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2010 Conference - Internet Gambling and Responsible Gaming (Derevensky)

  • 1. Internet gambling among youth: Should we be concerned? Jeffrey L. Derevensky, Ph.D. Professor, School/Applied Child Psychology Professor, Psychiatry International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors McGill University www.youthgambling.com National Center for Responsible Gaming Las Vegas, November, 2010
  • 3. The new face of Internet gambling
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Joe Cada, age 21, Community College dropout, winner World Series of Poker, 2009, $8.55 million
  • 17. Jonathan Duhamel, age 23, University dropout, winner World Series of Poker, 2010, $8.944 million
  • 18.
  • 20. Wagering via the Internet •  Poker/card games •  Casino games •  Sports wagering •  Reality shows •  Celebrity adoptions, arrests, etc. •  Any form of contest/Political race
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 29. Internet Use Media Awareness Network, 2009 •  In Canada, 99% of youth age 9-17 reported use of Internet, 94% have Internet access at home; 61% report having high speed access •  37% report having their own Internet connections •  89% of grade 4 school students play games on the Internet •  Where no household rules exist for Internet use, 74% report an adult was never present when the child was on the Internet •  94% of students’ top 50 Internet sites include marketing material •  Large percentage of adolescents report observing Internet gambling pop-up messages & believe they were the target (Derevensky et al., 2008)
  • 30. What we know about the Internet •  Access is widespread •  Access is inexpensive •  Internet is anonymous •  Internet is convenient •  Internet is entertaining •  Internet is used for many purposes
  • 31. Prevalence Findings of Internet Wagering •  Vary considerably •  Dependent upon method & date of data collection •  Dependent upon population studied •  Difficulties collecting data have been articulated by Wood & Williams (2009)
  • 32. Is Internet gambling problematic?
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. Are Internet gamblers more likely to have problems? Wood & Williams (2007) - Sample of on-line adult gamblers •  Non-problem gamblers: 34% •  At-risk gamblers: 24% •  Moderate problem gamblers: 23% •  Severe problem gamblers: 20% •  2/3 of those respondents gambling on the Internet are likely to have problems
  • 38. Two Internet gambling studies 2004-2006
  • 39. Frequency of Play on Internet Gambling Sites Without Money in the Past 12 Months by Gambling Severity Internet Gambling Without Money1 N = 2205 Yes No (n = 1082) (n = 1123) Gambling Groups*** Non Gambler n = 726 33.9 66.1 Social Gambler n = 1278 56.6 43.4 At-Risk Gambler n = 129 74.4 25.6 Probable n = 72 80.6 19.4 Pathological Gambler Total 49.1 50.9 1Percentage. ***p<.001.
  • 40. Frequency of Play on Internet Gambling Sites With Money in the Past 12 Months by Gambling Severity Internet Gambling With Money1 N = 2292 Yes No (n = 183) (n = 2109) Gambling Groups*** Non Gambler n = 745 0 100 Social Gambler n = 1333 9.5 90.5 At-Risk Gambler n = 139 21.6 78.4 Probable n = 75 34.7 65.3 Pathological Gambler Total 8.0* 92.0 1Percentage *13.1% males; 4.6% females are gambling on Internet
  • 41.
  • 42. Follow-up study (McBride & Derevensky, 2007) •  Montreal high-school students: N = 1113 •  Canadian and U.S. college and university students: N = 1273 •  On-line gaming newsletter link: N = 546
  • 44. Gambling for Money on Internet
  • 45. Gambling for Money on Internet Frequency
  • 47. Reasons Youth Gamble on Internet
  • 48. A new study (Meerkamper, 2010)
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53. National Annenberg Survey of Youth (Romer, 2010) N=835 (2008) N=596 (2010) At least once per month •  Internet gambling among males 14-17 rose from 2.7% (2008) to 6.2% (2010) •  Internet gambling among males 18-22 rose from 4.4% (2008) to 16.0% (2010) •  Internet gambling among females 14-17 rose from 0.5% (2008) to 1.5% (2010) •  Internet gambling among males 18-22 rose from 0.0% (2008) to 4.4% (2010)
  • 54. National Annenberg Survey of Youth (Romer, 2010) N=835 (2008) N=596 (2010) Weekly •  Internet gambling among males 14-17 decreased from 0.9% (2008) to 0.0% (2010) •  Internet gambling among males 18-22 rose from 2.9% (2008) to 3.8% (2010) •  Internet gambling among females 14-17 stayed the same at 0.0% (2008) and 0.0% (2010) •  Internet gambling among females 18-22 rose from 0.0% (2008) to 1.3% (2010)
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 59.
  • 61. Parental  percep+ons:  Serious  Youth  Issues    
  • 63. Does the Internet contribute to problem gambling among youth? •  There is good news and bad news •  The good news: –  Fewer youth than adults gamble on the Internet •  The bad news: –  More youth are playing on “demo/practice” sites than sites for real money –  The reasons they give are “for practice” –  1/3 of the youth who are gambling for money are problem gamblers •  Does “practice make perfect”? –  Is it just a matter of time before the “practice” players switch to gambling for real money?
  • 64. Conclusions •  Playing on Internet gambling sites without money is a common practice amongst adolescents and young adults •  At-Risk and PPGs play on Internet with and without money more often than non-gamblers and social gamblers •  22% of university students who do not gamble for money (either on or off the Internet) report playing on practice sites. •  Gateway to gambling?
  • 65. •  Internet wagers for money increases with severity of gambling problems •  Most money won and lost increases by gambling severity •  What is not known is how the easy accessibility of practice sites and appeal of “free” gambling games contribute to development of problem gambling