components,indications,contraindications

1. DR.PRASHANTH KUMAR
SVS MEDICAL COLLEGE

2.  Microwave diathermy (MWD), is a form of
electromagnetic radiations lying between
shortwave and infrared waves.
 Where energy is first absorbed at the surface
of the body (skin) and a part of it penetrate
and absorbed in deep tissues.
 Microwave diathermy does not penetrate as
deep as shortwave diathermy.

3.  Microwave has a much higher frequency and
a shorter wavelength than shortwave
diathermy.
 Generates Strong Electrical Field and
Relatively Little Magnetic Field
 The general frequency of microwave is
between 300 MHz to 300 GHz with wave
length of 10mm to 1 meter.

4.  The therapeutic microwave generators used
frequency of 2450MHz with wave length of
122.5mm.
 Microwave radiation is radiated as a beam
from an antenna and absorbed by water-rich
tissues 7000 times more effectively than
shortwave radio frequency energy.

5.  A microwave beam can be narrowed to allow
small areas to be treated accurately, is highly
directional , and can be aligned rapidly.
 Microwave energy is generated by an electronic
device known as a MAGNETRON.
 The applicators consist of an antenna element
backed by a reflector and endorsed within a
plastic case, one face of which is transparent to
microwave energy.

7. 1. Circular Shaped
Applicators 4” or 6”
Maximum Temperature At
Periphery
2. Rectangular Shaped
Applicators
4.5 x 5” or 5 x 21”
Maximum Temperature At
Center

8. 1. DIRECT CONTACT APPLICATION
 less stray radiation
 produce a more uniform pattern of heating deep
in
the tissues.
2. NON – CONTACT APPLICATION
 Reflection at the air-skin interface occurs
frequently
 Occasionally generating unacceptably intense
stray radiation.

9. 1. REFLECTION
2. REFRACTION
3. ABSORPTION
4. PENETRATION
5. TRANSMISSION

10.  Microwaves with a frequency of 2450MHz
penetrate 1.7cm in muscle and skin, and
11.2cm in fat and bone.
 Superficial tissues moderately heated, achieve
a maximum temperature within five to ten
minutes, after which local vasodilatation
prevents further warming.

11. 1. RELIEF OF PAIN BY PAIN GATE
MECHANISM
2. REDUCTION OF MUSCLE SPASM BY
STIMULATION OF SECONDARY NERVE
ENDINGS.
3. REDUCTION OF INFLAMMATION BY
INCREASE IN BLOOD SUPPLY.

12. 4. To promote healing of open skin by
increase in circulation
5. Control the chronic infection by increasing
the circulation.
6. Fibrosis: heat increase the extensibility of
fibrous tissues such as tendons, joint
capsules and scars

13. 1. Musculoskeletal disorders:
 Sprain- strain – muscle and tendon tear –
degenerative joint disease- joint stiffness in
superficial joints- capsular lesions.
2. Superficial inflammatory or infective
conditions :
 Tenosynovitis – bursitis – Synovitis –
infected surgical incisions – carbuncles –
abscess.

14.  Over malignant tissues.
 Over ischemic tissues.
 Moderate and excessive edema.
 Over wet dressings and adhesive tapes.
 Metal implants.
 Pacemaker.
 Over growing bone.

15.  Hemorrhage.
 Tuberculosis joints.
 Impaired thermal sensation.
 Unreliable patients.
 Recent radiotherapy.
 Hypersensitivity to heat.
 Acute infection or inflammation.

16.  Venous thrombosis or phlebitis.
 Pregnancy: heat applied to pelvis or hip in
pregnancy may cause hemorrhage or miscarriage.
 Acute dermatological conditions.
 Severe cardiac conditions.
 Blood pressure abnormalities.

17.  The eyes: cause cataract.
 Obesity: with 2450MHz
microwave, there is danger of
producing an excessive heat in
the subcutaneous fat layer.

18.  Duration of treatment 20 minutes
is the optimum.
 Intensity: the patient should feel
mild and comfortable warmth.
 Frequency: daily or on alternating
day.

19. Thankyou….