The document provides information on memory techniques, examples of using quantifiers like everyone/everybody, something/something, and no one/nobody with different endings, the differences between must, mustn't, and don't/doesn't have to, and rules for using the present perfect continuous tense. It discusses forming words using quantifiers, examples of personal obligations versus prohibitions, and how the present perfect continuous is used to talk about ongoing or recently finished actions and their duration.

1. Look at the following
image and try to
remember as much as you
can!

3. Look at the examples
• 1. When you want to remember something, tell a
friend about it.
• 2. No one can remember everything.
• 3. Everyone can learn how to improve their
memory.
• 4. Anyone can learn to do this.
• 5. Imagine someone wants to go shopping.

4. Rule:
With every, some and no we can
form words ending in
one, body, thing and where.

5. Now look at this table:
Everyone/ Everybody Everything Everywhere
(All the people) (All the things) (In/ All the places)
Someone/Somebody Something Somewhere
(A person) (A thing) (In/ a place)
No One/ Nobody Nothing Nowhere
(No person) (no things) (In/ no place)

6. Duties and Obligations
(deberes y obligaciones)

7. Observa las siguientes oraciones:
• Debo estudiar antes de una prueba
• No debo llegar tarde al colegio
• No tengo que levantarme temprano los
sábados

8. Now, look at the
following sentences:

9. • I must study before a test
• I mustn’t arrive late to the school
• I don’t have to get up early on
Saturdays

10. • Must usually shows more urgency for
personal obligation, that is to say, the
necessity is inside the speaker.
• Mustn’t means you cannot do
something or something is not allowed.
• Don’t/doesn’t have means that there is
no obligation to do something or it isn’t
necessary to do something.

11. Thus:
• Debo estudiar antes de una prueba
• I must study before a test
• No debo llegar tarde al colegio
• I mustn’t arrive late to the school
• No tengo que levantarme temprano los
sábados
• I don’t have to get up early on Saturdays

13. Present Perfect Continuous
• Rule
1. We use the Present Perfect Continuous to
talk about situations which started in the past
and are still continuing now.

14. 2. We also use it to talk about actions that have
just stopped and may have a result in the
present.
3. Finally, we use this structure when we focus
on how long an activity has been in progress:
The activity may or may not be complete.

15. • Examples:
• He’s been working there for many years
• We’ve been helping kids to stay away from drugs.