MBA

1. SUMMER TRAINING FOR NABARD
ON PROJECT AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION: DEMAND & SUPPLY OF
SERVICES FUTURE OFTECHNOLOGY
LED
EXTENSION IN J&K STATE
SUBMITTED BY:
RADHIKA GUPTA
32-MBA-14

2. What is Agricultural Extension?
• Agriculture extension ,the knowledge of which is applied to
bring farmers or people through various strategies and
programme of change by applying the latest scientific and
technological innovations.
• Agricultural extension efforts in India have made significant
strides towards development of the agricultural sector.
• Report of the national commission on Agriculture (1976)

3. • What are the roles of the public sector, the private sector, and the third
sector—nongovernmental organizations(NGOs) and farmer-based
organizations—in providing and financing extension?
• How will the agricultural sector meet new challenges, such as helping
smallholders access global markets and meet their standards?
• How can farmers cope with environmental degradation and climate change
and respond to health challenges such as livestock pandemics?
• How can extension address the needs of women farmers and
disadvantaged groups?
• What are the best uses of new information and communication
technologies?
All these questions are highly relevant for agricultural development in India

4. Agriculture Extension
• Recognising the fact that agriculture extension services is the
weakest link in terms of transferring technology and
techniques to farmers, the central government has decided to
recruit, in the next one year, more than 2100 farm graduates
dedicated to extension services across the country
• The workers, whose jobs primarily would be to integrate
research and extension activities for farmers in every district,
would be attached to the Agricultural Technology Management
Agency (ATMA)

5. • As an extension worker, one of your key tasks would be to
spread awareness and facilitate soil testing facility to check the
nutrient deficiency in a farmer’s field.
• Presently this service is available in Delhi and in agriculture
universities in some states. The Union Agriculture Ministry
has asked state governments to make this facility available at
the district level within a year

6. Jammu and Kashmir
• The agriculture sector in Jammu and Kashmir, which is the
mainstay of the state. The growth in population and migration
of the people to the city has led to an increasing demand for
agricultural products.
• "There was need to carry forward the programme of land
reforms in Jammu and Kashmir. This is possible by integrating
land question with institutional credit, agriculture technology
and marketing reforms for 'farmers friendly' policymaking in
J&K,"

7. Demand & Supply Of Services
As one of the major “thrust areas” in agriculture , India’s Five-
Year Plan emphasizes the need for “revamping and
modernizing the extension systems and encouraging the
private sector to take up extension services”

8. Agricultural advisory services are defined as services that
make new knowledge available to farmers and assist the
farmers to develop their farming and management skills.
The terms ‘advisory services’ and ‘extension’ are used
interchangeably in the Framework. The services may
include:
• Dissemination of information
• Training and advice of groups of farmers or individual
farmers
• Testing new technologies on-farm
• Development and dissemination of farm management tools

9. Supply Of Services
Financing And Supporting Producer Organisations
NABARD has taken an initiative for supporting producer
organizations, adopting A flexible approach to meet the needs
of producers. In order to give A special focus, the “producers
organization development fund”(podf) has been set up by
producers are eligible under the fund. Support under PODF is
provided as under:
 Credit support is provided for financial intervention. Support
in the form of grant, loans, or A combination of these is also
available for capacity building & market interventions.

10.  Since most of the producers organisations are having low capital base,
scope for nabard's intervention under podf has been enhanced to
support producers organisations for contribution to share capital.
 Nabard has, therefore, decided to set up a separate fund titled
"producers organization development fund" (podf) to tackle the issues
of non availability of timely credit, capacity building of producers &
strengthening of the producers organizations and market tie-ups.
 NABARD Consultancy Services (NABCONS) is a subsidiary of
NABARD, established to provide consultancy services to a wide range
of clients. It helped promote private investment and financing in
commercial agricultural projects by preparation of detailed project
reports, techno economic feasibility reports and appraisal studies.

11. Objectives of the Fund
• Producers Organization Development Fund (PODF) will be
used to support Producers Organizations across three levers,
viz. credit support, capacity building & market linkage. The
objective of the fund is to meet end to end requirements of
Producers Organization as well as to ensure their sustainability
& economic viability.

12. Eligible Activities
The following interventions will be undertaken out of the
fund:
• Financial
• Capacity Building
• Market Linkages

13. Capacity Building
Capacity building should broadly cover any activity relating to
functioning of a producer organization. Broadly the various
types of capacity building initiatives which can be supported
under the fund are as follows:
• Skill development in order to enable the members
produce goods both in farm and non-farm sector,
• Business planning
• Technological extension through classroom training,
• Exposure visits, agricultural university tie ups, expert
meetings, etc.
• Any other capacity building initiative which directly
benefits the P.O.

14. Other Services:
• Refinance to Banks
• RIDF(Rural Infrastructure Development Fund ) to State Governments
• Special Scheme for Warehouse Projects
• NABARD Infrastructure Development Assistance (NIDA)
• Direct Lending to Cooperative Banks
• Direct Lending to Producers’ Organisations (POs)
• Subsidy Schemes and Revival Packages implemented by NABARD
• It looks after the development of the cottage industry, small industry and
village industry, and other rural industries. NABARD also reaches out to
allied economies and supports and promotes integrated development. And
to help NABARD discharge its duty, it has been given certain roles as
follows:
• Serves as an apex financing agency for the institutions providing
investment and production credit for promoting the various developmental
activities in rural areas
• Takes measures towards institution building for improving absorptive
capacity of the credit delivery system, including monitoring, formulation of
rehabilitation schemes, restructuring of credit institutions, training of
personnel, etc.

15. Demand Of Services
‘Demand’ is defined as what people ask for, need and value so
much that they are willing to invest their resources, such as
time and money, in order to receive the services.
The main principles for Demand Driven Service Delivery
Systems are the following:
• Services shall be driven by user demand
• Service providers shall be accountable to the users
• Users shall have a free choice of service providers

16. For demand driven services to succeed they will usually
require major institutional reforms.
The basic indicators for success are:
• Farmers have access to agricultural advisory services
• Farmers use the advisory services
• Farmers have increased income from agricultural production
• Greater choice and competition among agricultural advisers
When farmers choose to use and pay for advisory services it is
the best indicator that the services reflect the content and
quality that they require.

17. • The fund will be used for providing loan to carry out
the economic activity and mix of grant and loan for
capacity building market linkages.
• It will lead to creation of sustainable employment
opportunities (direct/ indirect). It will improve rural
livelihoods through community based and sustainable
interventions
• It will improve employment, reduces poverty, improves access
to credit, information, entitlements, etc.
• Community participation
(ownership/management/empowerment)

18. Business :
• It disbursed Rs. 17,353 crore under Rural Infrastructure
Development Fund - These projects, when implemented
would create an additional capacity of 10.07 million MT
in the dry storage, 8260 MT in cold storage and 6.61 lakh
litres of bulk milk cooling capacity
• NABARD sanctioned Rs. 100.02 crore under UPNRM
(Umbrella Programme on Natural Resources
Management) which aims to boost rural livelihoods by
supporting sustainable natural resource management
projects.
• It took the initiative to support Producers’ Organizations
(Pos).

19. Development:
• In one of the biggest such efforts in the history of banking industry in the country,
NABARD during 2013-14, accelerated the process of bringing branches of Co-
operative banks onto Core Banking Solution (CBS) platform.
• Financial inclusion continued to be an area of extreme importance for NABARD.
• On the micro finance front, self-help groups
• 242 projects aimed towards productivity enhancement and technology transfer
• Around 16,279 new Farmers’ Clubs were formed taking the total number of
Farmers' Clubs to 1.43 lakh as on 31 March 2014.
• NABARD is also known for its 'SHG Bank Linkage Programme' which encourages
India's banks to lend to [self-help group (finance).Because SHGs are composed
mainly of poor women, this has evolved into an important Indian tool for
microfinance

20. • Facilitate the emergence of a market for extension services and
strategies to increase the voice of farmers when the public
sector is financing and/or providing extension services
• Emphasis is now placed on making advisory services
demand-driven.The emphasis on demand-driven extension has
to be seen in the context of changing domestic and external
environments for agriculture, which change the information
needs of farmers.
• In addition to information on new technologies, advice on
marketing,product quality, and environmental challenges has
become increasingly important

21. Enhance the development of
demand:
 External mobilisation, facilitation, capacity building and
resources can enhance development of demand
 Market opportunities will bring service providers and farmers
together. Indeed this happens when farmers are well informed
and when the delivery of services is clearly economically
attractive for both providers and their clients.

22. Achievements
• Established a network of over 641 Krishi Vigyan Kendras
(KVK)
• Conducted 4189 on-farm trials on 537 technologies to identify
their location specificity under different farming systems.
• Organized 53,974 Frontline Demonstrations (FLD) to
demonstrate the production potential of newly released
production technologies on the farmers' fields
• Trained more than 1.0 million farmers and extension personnel
in agriculture and allied fields
• Conducted large number of extension activities benefiting
about 4.19 million farmers and other end users

23. Future Of Technology
• Assessment, refinement and demonstration of technology/products.
• Training of farmers.
• Training of extension personnel areas of technology.
• Single window delivery system for technology products, diagnostic
services and information through Agricultural Technology Information
Centres.
• Development of gender-specific technologies.
• Creating awareness of improved agricultural technologies among the
farmers.
• Unified top-down extension: Regular messages were delivered to
groups of farmers, promoting the adoption of "Green Revolution"
technologies.
• The activity should result in product improvement and/ or increase in
production.

24.  The technology has resulted into the many innovative equipments that have reduced time
and energy invested in to the farming.
 Also, agriculture technology has revolutionized the irrigating methodology. Now water
is easily distributed to the remotest parts with the tunnels especially in dry and hilly
areas.
 Apart from cropping machines and tools, technology has made farmers to use the
weather and conditions in intelligent manner. The witty style of farming reduces the
losses in the farming and eliminates dependency over weather for farming.
 Agriculture technology is based on the scientific researches of experts and botanist who
have guided the path to the modernization. Also it is all due to new technologies that are
awaking farmers to cultivate new crops like bio diesel apart from the traditional
horticulture and crops ultimately making farmers rich.
 In the recent developments, like western countries, in developing nations like India,
several MNC and retail tycoons have intruded the trade. They all have been emphasizing
on the most advance technologies for agricultural that does well to farmers.

25. • Govt. of all countries has realized the potential of the
agriculture sector and that is why several policies are being
implanted that is favorable for agriculture. If the agriculture
technology keeps on advancing at same momentum the day is
near when, agriculture will retain the old glory and triumph of
past in no matter of time.

26. Aspects Of Future Extension
Education:
• Evolution of extension system and operationalisation of
approaches
• Future extension education initiatives
• Collegiate participation of farmers
• Web enabled technology dissemination
• Developing cases as tools for technology dissemination
• Agriculture as a profitable venture
• Scaling up of group mobilization
• Micro-enterprises promotion

27. NABARD formulates Rs 4,180 cr
credit plans for J&K
• JAMMU: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development (NABARD) has formulated potential-linked
credit plans ( PLCPs) worth Rs 4,180 crore to give a
boost to the agriculture sector in Jammu and Kashmir in
2012-13.
• "The credit potential under the priority sector, estimated
at Rs 4,180 crore, is the aggregation of potential-linked
credit plans (PLCPs) prepared by NABARD for all
districts for 2012-13 in Jammu and Kashmir,"
NABARD's J&K Regional Office Chief General Manager
S C Rabra said while delivering the welcome address at
the State Credit Seminar for 2012-13 here today.

28. Conclusion :
• To summarize, agriculture extension viewed as an educational programme to be
undertaken by public agencies to activate the process of transferring
knowledge, science and technology from laboratories to people or farmer and
to help them in farm planning, decision making, record keeping, use of inputs,
storage, processing and marketing, ensure supplies and services, increase their
production, develop people and their leaders, improve their occupation, family,
and community life
• The concept of demand-driven extension emphasizes the need to provide
services that meet the needs and priorities of farmers, even if the market
mechanism,fails to make sure that extension services are supplied in the
quantity and quality expected by farmers.
• Lab to land – technology has to reach the farmers .It bridges the gap between
agriculture research stations on one hand & the farming population on the other
by establishing a suitable teaching organisation at various level of
administration.