This document discusses the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were unreliable, costly, and generated a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors, which made computers more reliable and efficient. The third generation used integrated circuits, which further improved reliability and performance. The fourth generation began using microprocessors and VLSI technology, making computers cheaper, portable, and introducing networking. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and more powerful and affordable computers.
2. What is a computer?
An electronic device for storing
and processing data, typically in
binary form, according to
instructions given to it in a
variable program.
Basic form a computer is any
device which aids humans in
performing various kinds of
computations or calculations.
Every computer supports some
form of input, processing, and
output.
3. Earlier computer was the
abacus, used to perform
basic arithmetic operations.
A abacus where input,
output and processing are
simply the act of moving the
pebbles into new positions,
seeing the changed
positions, and counting.
4. Generations of Computer
First Generation Computers (1940s –
1950s)
Second Generation Computers (1955
– 1960)
Third Generation Computers (1960s)
Fourth Generation Computers (1971 –
present)
Fifth Generation (Present and
Beyond) Artificial Intelligence
5. First Generation : Vacuum Tubes
The main features of First Generation are:
Vacuum tube technology
Unreliable
Supported Machine language only
Very costly
Generate lot of heat
Slow Input/Output device
Huge size
Need of A.C.
Non portable
Consumed lot of electricity
Some computer of this generation were:
ENIAC
EDVAC
UNIVAC
IBM-701
IBM-650
6. Second Generation: Transistors
The main features of Second Generation are:
Use of transistors
Reliable as compared to First generation computers
Smaller size as compared to First generation
computers
Generate less heat as compared to First generation
computers
Consumed less electricity as compared to First
generation computers
Faster than first generation computers
Still very costly
A.C. needed
Support machine and assmebly languages
Some computer of this generation were:
IBM 1620
IBM 7094
CDC 1604
CDC 3600
UNIVAC 1108
7. Third Generation: Integrated
Circuits
The main features of Third Generation are:
IC (Integrated Circuits) used
More reliable
Smaller size
Generate less heat
Faster
Lesser maintenance
Still costly
A.C needed
Consumed lesser electricity
Support high level language
Some computer of this generation were:
IBM-360 series
Honeywell-6000 series
PDP(Personal Data Processor)
IBM-370/168
TDC-316
8. Fourth Generation:
TMhe micairno fepatruroesc oef Fsosuroth rGseneration are:
VLSI ( Very Large Scale
Integrated) technology used
Very cheap
Portable and reliable
Use of PC's
Very small size
Pipeline processing
No A.C. needed
Concept of internet was introduced
Great developments in the fields of networks
Computers became easily available
Some computer of this generation were:
DEC 10
STAR 1000
PDP 11
CRAY-1(Super Computer)
CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
9. Fifth Generation (Present and
Beyond) Artificial Intelligence
The main features of Fifth Generation are:
ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration)
technology
Development of true artificial intelligence
Development of Natural language
processing
Advancement in Parallel Processing
Advancement in Superconductor technology
More user friendly interfaces with
multimedia features
Availability of very powerful and compact
computers at cheaper rates
Some computer types of this generation
are:
Desktop
Laptop
NoteBook
UltraBook
ChromeBook
Notas del editor
assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words
users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitorsand interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory.