lifestyle diseases and its prevention strategies , role of physiotherapy in community and hospital based set-ups

1. LIFESTYLE DISEASES AND ITS PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
PREVENTION
PRESENTER: REKHA MARBATE

2. CONTENT
▪ Definition :- Lifestyle disease
- Primary prevention
- Secondary prevention
▪ Causes and types of lifestyle diseases

3. LIFESTYLE DISORDER
Definition:
Lifestyle disease: A disease associated with the way a person
or group of people lives.
OR
diseases linked with the way people live their life.
1. William C. Shiel Jr. F. Definition of Lifestyle disease [Internet]. MedicineNet. 2019 [cited 21 August 2019].
Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=38316

4. PRIMARY PREVENTION
Definition: Primary prevention refers to actions aimed at
avoiding the manifestation of a disease.
Park K. Park’s Textbook of preventive and social medicine ,23rd edition.jaypee brothers 2013

5. SECONDARY PREVENTION
▪ Definition:
Secondary prevention deals with early detection when this
improves the chances for positive health outcomes
Park K. Park’s Textbook of preventive and social medicine ,23rd edition.jaypee brothers 2013

6. WHAT CAUSES LIFESTYLE DISEASES?
Smoking, alcohol, drug, physical inactivity, dietary
habits and environment
Age, gender, genetic factors and race
Park K. Park’s Textbook of preventive and social medicine ,23rd edition.jaypee brothers 2013

7. TYPES OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Stroke
• Diabetes
• Cancer
• Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease
• Mental health problems

8. IMPROPER LIFESTYLE
▪ Smoking
▪ Alcohol abuse
▪ Drug abuse
▪ Unhealthy diet and eating habits
▪ Sedentary lifestyle/ Lack of physical activity
▪ Faulty posture
▪ Unhealthy Environment

9. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
• Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are diseases or disorders
that result from damage to the heart and blood vessels.
▪ Common Cardiovascular Diseases:-
• High Blood Pressure
• Heart Attack, MI, IHD
• Arteriosclerosis-fat deposition in blood
vessels

10. Park K. Park’s Textbook of preventive and social medicine ,23rd edition.jaypee brothers 2013

12. Prevention Of Cardiovascular Diseases
Goals:
WHO Expert Committee on the Prevention
of CHD
A]Population strategy
B] High risk strategy
C] Secondary prevention.

13. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE
▪ Goals [ primary prevention]
1] Lifestyle modification by patient/community education:
▪ Complete cessation of Smoking, Alcohol abuse and Drug
abuse
▪ Unhealthy diet and eating habits:-
2] Exercise training

14. ▪ Goals [ secondary prevention]
▪ Awareness about the condition , cause and prognosis
▪ Modification of lifestyle and behavioral problems
▪ Adherence to primary prevention strategies along with drug
therapy
▪ Debate- CABG and PTCA
▪ Exercise training-

15. STROKE

16. ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY IN PREVENTION OF
STROKE
▪ Stroke -cerebrovascular accident- insulting the brain’s motor
and sensory function
▪ Depending upon area of insult – regulatory functions are
impaired
▪ Goals [ primary prevention]
▪ Modification of controllable factors
▪ Control hypertension, diabetes , and cardiovascular diseases
▪ Routine physical activity and exercise training

17. ▪ Goals[ secondary prevention]
▪ Awareness about the causative risk factors , prognosis and
management , Early detection and screening of risk factor
▪ Use of Drug therapy- anti-coagulant, lipid lowering agent,
anti-thrombotic agent and beta blockers
▪ Debate- PTCA and CABG
▪ Helps in recovery and achieving optimal health through

18. Exercise training :
▪ Improve mobility, balance and fall risk
▪ Strength
▪ Flexibility
▪ Endurance and physical functioning

19. DIABETES- TYPE 2 DIABETES
▪ Type 2 diabetes - increasingly important cause of cardiovascular
disease (CVD), renal failure, visual loss and lower limb
amputation.
▪ Primary prevention
▪ Control diabetes
▪ Cessation of smoking and drinking habits
▪ Early detection of risk factors – hypertension, dislipidemia, high
cholesterol
▪ Diet:- reduced intakes of energy, saturated and trans-fatty acids,
cholesterol, and sodium.

20. SECONDARY PREVENTION
▪ Secondary prevention is aimed to manage the dibetes
complication
▪ Improve glycemia, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure. (E)
▪ Drug therapy
▪ Diet and nutrition-included avoidance of simple sugars and
refined carbohydrates
- fat intake not to exceed 20 g/day
- and an increase in fibre-rich food.
▪ Exercise training

21. ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPIST IN
PREVENTION OF DIABETES
▪ Goals of physiotherapy:
▪ 1] Counseling of patient- lifestyle modification
▪ 2] Overcome disability due to pain – musculoskeletal,
neurological, rhematological
▪ 3] Achieve optimal weight: For every kilogram of weight
loss, there was a 16% reduction in the risk of developing
diabetes.
▪ 4] Improve muscular strength and flexibility
▪ 5] Improve endurance

22. EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION
1. Kalra S, Kalra B, Kumar N. Prevention and management of diabetes: the role of the physiotherapist
[Internet]. Doki.net. 2019 [cited 22 August 2019]. Available from:
https://www.doki.net/tarsasag/diabetes/upload/diabetes/document/Prevention_and_management_
of_diabetes_the_role_of_the_physiotherapist_idf_cikkreferalo_20071027.pdf.pdf
2. ACSM’S Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription NINTH EDITION. 9th ed. Wolters
Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health, 2014; 2014.
3. Regensteiner JG, Diabetes and Exercise, Humana press USA.2009
Frequency=3-5 days
Intensity =low to moderate
Time =150 minute daily
Type =aerobic exercises, flexibility exe, resistance
training
Progression =

23. CANCER
▪ Cancer is a disease of the cell in which the normal
mechanism of control of growth and proliferation are
disturbed, which results in distinct morphological alterations
of the cell and aberrations of tissue patterns.

24. ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPIST IN
PREVENTING CANCER
More than 30% of cancer can be prevented by modifying or
avoiding key risk factors, including:
▪ being overweight or obese
▪ physical inactivity.
1][Internet]. Role of physiotherapy in cancer.Wcpt.org. 2019 [cited 22 August 2019]. Available from:
https://www.wcpt.org/sites/wcpt.org/files/files/WPTDay11_Cancer_Fact_sheet_C6.pdf
2]Source: World Health Organization www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en

25. ▪ Other risk factors include:
▪ tobacco use
▪ low fruit and vegetable intake
▪ alcohol use
▪ urban air pollution
▪ indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels.

26. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CANCER PATIENTS
▪ World Health Organization recommendations say that
undertaking 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic
physical activity a week can reduce the risk of breast and
colon cancers.
Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, released by the World Health Organization
in 2011.

27. Mental Health Disorder
▪ Problems:
▪ Goals of physiotherapy
▪ Psychological goals:-
▪ Physical goals:
▪ Recent Advance: Guszkowska [2013] review study on effect
of exercise on anxiety, depression and mood
Kaur J, Masaunz M, Bhatia MS. Role of physiotherapy in mental health disorders. Delhi Psychiatry Journal.
2013;16(2):404-8.

28. ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY IN PREVENTING
RESPIRATORY DISORDER
▪ Common lifestyle disease of respiratory functions are –
asthma, bronchiectasis, emphysema, lung cancer , infection
to upper and lower respiratory tracts.
▪ Cause – exposure to environmental and occupational
pollutant ( dust, pollen grain, chemical fumes) , excess
exposure to cold , active smoking and passive smoking
▪ Problems: breathlessness, reduce functional capacity and
affect quality of life

29. GOALS OF RESPIRATORY PHYSIOTHERAPY
▪ Improve knowledge and understanding
▪ Maintain or improve exercise tolerance
▪ Improve functional abilities (i.e. carrying out daily tasks)
▪ Maintain and improve physical activity, coaching patients
toward improving healthy behavior

30. ▪ Reduce breathlessness and the work of breathing
▪ Improve the efficiency of ventilation
▪ Mobilize and aid the expectoration of secretions (coughing
up of mucus)
▪ Reduce (thoracic) pain
About - ERS [Internet]. Erswhitebook.org. 2019 [cited 23 August 2019]. Available from:
https://www.erswhitebook.org/about/