Inland fishing crafts of India are used in rivers, backwaters, reservoirs, lakes and ponds

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2. CRAFTS
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3. INLAND CRAFTS FEATURES
 Light, small with shallow draft
 Majority are indigenous and
on mechanized.
1. rafts
2. dug outs
3. Plank built boats
4. Flat bottom n round bottom
5. Outrigger canoes
6. Built up canoes
7. Tin boats
INLAND FISHING CRAFTS
Shallow & protected
Fishing grounds nearer to
landing centres
Comprise-Back waters,
Reservoirs, Rivers, Lakes
IMPORTANT CRAFTS
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4. • Dominant in South Indian reservoirs
• Consists of a very large wide mouthed
circular flat bottomed basket, sides
comparatively low
• A hide stretched outside & firmly tied to
exclude water
• Gill nets, shore seines, longlines operated
• Manned by 2 fishermen
• Gill nets are commonly done, 4-5 nets
operated from each coracle
• Conspicuous in Tungabhadra(KAR),
Mettur(TN), Nagarjunasagar (AP) reservoirs
CORACLE
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5. CORACLE
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7. FLOAT WITH SEALED TINS
• Empty kerosene sealed tins are
improvised to make floats, they are
enclosed in gunny bags/tied with
planks/ropes
• Reservoirs of Maharashtra (Yaldari &
Ujjani), A.P.(Hussainsagar n
Nagarjunasagar) , Karnataka
(Tungabhadra reservoir)
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8. DRIED GRASS RAFT
• Made out of dried grass in triangular
shape
• Cast nets and gill nets are operated
• Used in Tungabhadra reservoir
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9. INFLATED RUBBER TUBES
• Inflated rubber tubes of motor vehicles
used for fishing- Hussainsagar reservoir
of A.P, reservoirs of Bilwara district of
Rajastan
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11. • Known as Teppa- Nizamsagar & Hussain
sagar of A.P, Mettur reservoir &
backwaters of Tamil Nadu.
• Locally called chalathadi in Kerala
 Made of 3-5 logs, tied with coir ropes
 Propulsion with split bamboo oars & sails
 Used in pairs to operate boat seines &
individually to operate longlines and for
cast netting
CATAMARANS
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12. CATAMARANS
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14. DONGA
• Made of wood.
• As Common in other rivers of Bihar,Uttar
Pradesh and West Bengal ;
Ganga(donga)
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16.  Special type of dug-out
in Kolleru lake (A.P)
 2 butt sections of palms
r hollowed out on 1 side
n lashed together
parallel but at a
distance apart by
bamboo poles
 Butt end being bulbous,
craft extremely wide on
1 side n other end is
truncated n narrow
SANGEDAM
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17. WOODEN RAFTS
1. PLANTAIN STEM
5-6 Plantain stems are twisted, ends
trimmed, fastened together raft wise by thin
strakes/skewer of wood(oblique) at each
end.
 Used in rivers of Bihar andTamil nadu
2. CHETTY RAFT
o earthen pot raft seen in Bihar, earthen pots
arranged in 3 rows in Tamil Nadu, earthen
pots turned upside down and connected)
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18. • Flat bottom.
• Flat bottom-ideal shape to maneuver
shallow waters many reservoirs of North
Indian states
• 5-6 logs made of locally available light
wood, tied by coconut plank poles, fastened
by coir ropes
• Propulsion by paddles
• Used for hook & line operation
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19. RAFT
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21. ROUND, BOTTOM PLANK BUILT BOATS
a) BATCHARI-operated in rivers of W.B. Used for
operation of drift nets, bag nets n dip nets in sea,
rivers & estuaries. Found suitable for
mechanization
b) CHOT- used for shore seine operation in Hooghly
river, small lateen sail. Used for operating heavier
gear like seine net & bag net
c) SALTI- hull oval in shape, operates set nets in
creeks (Orissa-Balasore)
d) CHANDI- N. Orissa, W. B., to operate bag nets,
seines & drift nets, seldom carries sail
e) MACHWA- for operating large nets in estuarine
waters of Gujarat
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23. MACHWA
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24. Ganges dinghi
• Constructed with
planks, narrow
tapering bow n
stern, without
keel ,rivers of
W.B.
• For operating gill
nets to catch hilsa
DINGHI
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25. WEST BENGAL
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26. UTTAR PRADESH
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27. • Shoe shaped with wide flat forward
• sharp stem, strongly flared bow sections
• narrows greatly in the aft , transom stern
• fore part is decked, has spray board
• steers by oar from aft deck
• Special type of dug-out in Kolleru lake (A.P)
SHOE DHONI
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28. BUILT UP CANOES TIN BOATS
 plank built boats in the
shape of dug-out
 Clinker built canoes-
fishing in Pulicat lake &
back waters of Madras
 Large size carvel
planked canoes-popular
in Chilka lake-iron nails
clinched on iron washers
used to fasten planks
• Made out of tin
• Reservoirs of U.P., Bihar
and Rajastan
• Provided with flat
bottom
CANOES
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29. DUG OUTS CANOES
• Commonly used for inshore marine
operations in Karnataka and Kerala.
 made by scooping out material from single
large trunks of trees like aini, mango
 Propulsion by sails and paddles
 No rudder used, steering by big paddles on
quarter sides
 Small & medium dug-outs used for gill nets
and lines
• Similar type, but smaller ones used in
reservoirs of TN, MP, Bihar, Manipur & Tripura29

30. DUG OUT CANOE
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32.  Built with planks in the shape of a dug-out
 Wooden planks sewn with coir ropes
 A layer of black pitch applied inside to make craft
water tight
 Paddles for propulsion, occasionally sails are used
 Operate seines & gill nets
PLANK BUILT {TONA VALLAM}
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33. TONA VALLAM
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34. TONA VALLAM
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36. OUTRIGGER CANOES
• Used in Velar river near Port Nova in TN
• Usually small dug-out fitted with
outrigger float boomed out by means of
2 poles at a distance from the canoe
• Used for operations of cast nets
• Mast and sails not used
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41. GEARS
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42. In bag nets the fishes enter voluntarily and
are caught by filtering. They are kept open
vertically by a totally or partially framed
mouth and horizontally by the current.
These are small bag nets operated by
hand and or moved through the water i.e.
the fishes are caught by the scooping
action. They are variously shaped. They
have almost round frame.
BAGNETS
SCOOPNET
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43. BAGNET
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44. SCOOP NET
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45. They are cast over the area where fishes are
suspected to be found, then gathered and
lifted to collect the fish. This is one of the most
common gears used.
Its one of the most suitable fishing catch
methods which is being widely used. The
fishes are caught by gilling. Its best method
from the conservation and stock regulation
point of view. It’s a passive fishing method &
can be operated even from the most primitive
fishing crafts.
CAST NETS
GILL NETS
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46. CAST NET
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47. GILL NET
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48. DRIFT GILL NETS
These nets drift along with the currents
and the winds .There is no anchor. They
can be used in any layer of water.
During operation one end is tied to a
boat and the other end carries a
marker buoy to help in the location of
the net.
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49. SEINES
The manner of capture is to surround an
area of water with a long net with or
without a bag at the center. Two long
ropes are tied to the ends of the net, which
help in hurling the fish as well as the
hauling. The gear is towed over the area
with both ends fixed to a point on the
shore or on a vessel. Seines which are
operated from a boat are called BOAT
SEINE.
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50. SIENE
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52. LIFT NETS
• The method of capture in lift nets is by lifting the
gear submerged at the required depth either by
hand or mechanically from the shore or from a
boat.
HAND LIFT NETS – Small lift nets are operated with
hands with no fixed installations. Mostly used to
catch crabs.
MECHANIZED LIFT NETS – Larger lift nets mostly
mechanized installations situated along the shore.
CHINESE LIFT NESTS OPERATED ALONG THE KERALA
BACKWATER IS A FAMOUS EXAMPLE OF
MECHANIZED LIFT NETS.
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53. CHINESE DIP NET
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54. DRAG NETS
• This group includes active gears which
are towed through water and manner
of their capture is by filtration. The nets
are either operated through a boat or
in shallow waters.
• Its usually made of an oblong iron
frame with an attached bagnet. Its
mostly used to collect shell fishes.
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55. DRAG NET
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56. HOOK AND LINE
Fishes are lured by edible or artificial
baits or lure which stimulates the
appearance and movement of the
natural prey and are finally held by the
hook on seine on the bait or lure. The
hook is connected to a line or snood.
The fish is also held by piercing action
of hooks or jigs.
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57. HOOK AND LINE
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58. TRAPS
• Traps are passive fishing gears with enclosures
to which the fishes are lured or guided and from
which the escape is made difficult by means of
labyrinths or retarding devices like funnels or
constrictions.
• Pots are cages or baskets made from materials
like wood, wicker, metal rods, wire nettings, and
reinforced plastic designed to catch fish,
crustaceans by enticing them with baits or
shelter spaces.
• They are usually set on the bottom singly or in
series by ropes and positions marked by buoys.
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60. KOODU
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61. OTTAL
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62. TRAWLERS
• Trawls is a conical net consisting mainly of
two panels – upper and lower panel. The
belly is wide at the mouth and narrow
towards the cod end.
• Trawling has been attempted only in two
reservoirs in India ; Gandhi Sagar and
Hirakud.
• Single Boat bottom Trawlers, Two Boat
Bottom trawlers, Two boat mid water
trawlers has been used.
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63. TRAWLER
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64. TRAWLER IN OPERATION
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65. Thank you
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