This document provides an overview of solar cells, including their history, types, photovoltaic effect, generation process, characteristics curve, efficiency, measurement circuit, applications, and more. It discusses how solar cells convert light energy to electricity via the photovoltaic effect in semiconductors. The development of solar cell technology began in 1839 and silicon-based solar cells were first demonstrated in 1941. Common solar cell types include p-n homojunction, heterojunction, Schottky barrier, and others. Efficiency depends on factors like area, light spectrum, and material properties.

1. Welcome
Presentedby
MD. RUBIAT ISLAM OVEY
APPLIED PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING,RU

2. Contents
What is Solar cell?
History of Solar cell.
Types of Solar cell.
What is Photovoltaic effect?
Photo voltaic generation process.
Basic circuit of my experiment.
Characteristics curve.
Efficiency of Solar cell.
Circuit diagram for measuring efficiency.
Why we use Solar cells?
Applications.
Summary

3. Solar cell
A solar cell is a solid state semiconductor device that converts
energy of light into electricity by photoelectric effect.
A solar cell is also known as photovoltaic cell or photo electric
cell.

4. History
 The development of solar cell technology begins
with the 1839 research of French physicist
Antoine-César Becquerel. In 1839 Becquerel
observed that there was a light dependant voltage
between two electrode immersed in an electrolyte.
 In 1941 First silicon based solar cell demonstrated
 In 1954 Beginning of modern solar cell research.

5. Types of Solar cell
Types of solar
cell is given
below,
1. p-n
homojunction.
2. p-n
hetrojunction.
3. Schottky
barrier.
4.
Homojunction
hetrostructure.
5. Metal
insulator
semi-
conductor
cell(MIS).
6. Semi-
conductor-
insulator cell.

6. PHOTVOLTAIC EFFECT
 Photo voltaic effect is the basis of photo
voltaic generation.
 The photovoltaic effect is the creation of
voltage or electric current in a material
upon exposure to light.

7. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
------------------------------------------------
N
P
load
e h
PHOTO VOLTAIC GENARATION PROCESS

8. V-I characteristics
The curve between voltage across
the cell & the current flow from
the cell is known as V-I
characteristics.

9. Basic circuit of our experiment

10. V-I curve

11. Practical V-I curve of our
experiment

12. Efficiency of solar cell
Solar cell efficiency is the ratio
of the electrical output of a
solar cell to the incident
energy in the form of sunlight.

13. EFFICIENCY DEPENDS ON
 The area of the solar cell.
 The number of photons .
 The spectrum of the incident light .
 The optical properties - absorption and
reflection of the solar cell.
 The collection probability of the solar cell .
 Minority carrier lifetime in the base.

14. Circuit diagram for efficiency

15. Determination of Efficiency
 The Efficiency of a solar cell determine the capability of
converting light energy into electrical energy.
Efficiency ,Ƞ=output/input
 We get the solar cell efficiency in our experiment is 10.22
percent.

16. Why Use Solar Cells?
• Low maintenance, long lasting sources of
energy
• Non-polluting and silent sources of
electricity
• Convenient and flexible source of small
amounts of power
•Renewable and sustainable power, as a means
to reduce global warming

17. APPLICATIONS
 Solar pumps.
 Domestic power supply .
 Telecommunication systems.
 Electric power generation in space.
 Satellites.
 Remote lighting system.
 Toys, watches, calculators.

18. THANKs
to
all