Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata Capitulum Tertium: Pronomina Interrogativa et Relativa (sermone anglico tractata exemplisque latinis illustrata). - - - - Discussion in English of Latin Interrogative and Relative Pronouns.

1. Pronómina Interrogatíva & Relatíva

2. By now you have a pretty good feel
for the difference between how
pronómina interrogatíva
and pronómina relatíva are used.

3. This is one time that the Latin and English
work in very similar ways:
Interrogative: Who is coming? Who is the woman?
Relative: The woman who is coming....

4. This is one time that the Latin and English
work in very similar ways:
Interrogative: Who(m) does she hear?
Relative: The girl who(m) she hears....

5. But do please try, as far as possible,
to think in the Latin you have,
without reference to English!

6. But do please try, as far as possible,
to think in the Latin you have,
without reference to English!
I promise – it makes it far easier later on!

13. The “core” or “spine” of our sentence is
«Femina est Æmilia.»

14. Adding the relative clause «quæ venit»
makes it a bit more specific, which femina we mean.

15. Morphology: Here’s a synopsis of
the forms that we’ve had so far.

16. Morphology: Here’s a synopsis of
the forms that we’ve had so far.
The interrogative and relative forms
are almost always exactly the same.

17. Casu
Feminíni
Géneris
(singuláriter)
Masculíni
Géneris
(singuláriter)
Masculíni
Géneris
(pluráliter)
Nominatívo
Interrogatívum:
Quæ plorat?
Relatívum:
Puella quæ plorat
Julia est.
Interrogatívum:
Quis plorat?
Relatívum:
Puer qui plorat
Marcus est.
Interrogatívum:
Qui sunt ímprobi?
Relatívum:
Púeri qui ímprobi sunt
sunt Marcus Quintusque.
Accusatívo
Interrogatívum:
Quam vidémus?
Relatívum:
Puella quam vidémus
Julia est.
Interrogatívum:
Quem vidémus?
Relatívum:
Puer quem vidémus
Marcus est.
[soon!]
Genetívo
Interrogatívum:
Cujus saccus est?
Relatívum:
[soon!]
Interrogatívum:
Cujus saccus est?
Relatívum:
[soon!]
[soon!]
In only two instances are the interrogative & relative different:

18. Casu
Feminíni
Géneris
(singuláriter)
Masculíni
Géneris
(singuláriter)
Masculíni
Géneris
(pluráliter)
Nominatívo
Interrogatívum:
Quæ plorat?
Relatívum:
Puella quæ plorat
Julia est.
Interrogatívum:
Quis plorat?
Relatívum:
Puer qui plorat
Marcus est.
Interrogatívum:
Qui sunt ímprobi?
Relatívum:
Púeri qui ímprobi sunt
sunt Marcus Quintusque.
Accusatívo
Interrogatívum:
Quam vidémus?
Relatívum:
Puella quam vidémus
Julia est.
Interrogatívum:
Quem vidémus?
Relatívum:
Puer quem vidémus
Marcus est.
[soon!]
Genetívo
Interrogatívum:
Cujus saccus est?
Relatívum:
[soon!]
Interrogatívum:
Cujus saccus est?
Relatívum:
[soon!]
[soon!]
...the masc. nom. above, and one other that we’ll get to in Cap. IV.

19. Let’s get some more examples...

20. You should have read the chapter so many times that right examples just feel right.
But if you’re not sure and you do get stuck, don’t rush to English.

21. You should have read the chapter so many times that right examples just feel right.
But if you’re not sure and you do get stuck, don’t rush to English.
English rules of word-order will very likely mislead you!

22. You should have read the chapter so many times that right examples just feel right.
But if you’re not sure and you do get stuck, don’t rush to English.
English rules of word-order will very likely mislead you!
Instead, ask yourself carefully what case a Latin noun or pronoun is in

23. You should have read the chapter so many times that right examples just feel right.
But if you’re not sure and you do get stuck, don’t rush to English.
English rules of word-order will very likely mislead you!
Instead, ask yourself carefully what case a Latin noun or pronoun is in
and what role that casts the noun/pronoun into (subject, direct object, possessor, etc.).