2. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL FORESTS
THROUGH RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT AND
ADOPTION OF EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES
IN THE FIELD OF WOOD AND PANEL PRODUCTS
FROM RENEWABLE FIBERS INCLUDING
PLANTATION TIMBERS AND BAMBOO
WHILE MEETING THE VITAL NEEDS OF THE
DEVELOPING SOCIETY.
VISION
3. INFORMATION & EXTENSION
TESTING & STANDARDIZATION
TRAINING & EDUCATION
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
MANDATE
RELATING TO PANEL PRODUCTS FROM WOOD, BAMBOO AND
OTHER RENEWABLE FIBRES INCLUDING AGRO AND FOREST
RESIDUES
4.
5. INTRODUCTION TO BAMBOO & BAMBOO BASED
COMPOSITES IN INDIA
• BAMBOO IS ENDURING , VERSATILE & RENEWABLE
• THERE ARE 125 SPECIES OF BAMBOO IN INDIA SPREAD ACROSS
18 GENERA
• BAMBOO AVAILABLE IN 9.6 MILLION HECTARES IN INDIA
• 66 % GROWS IN NORTH - EASTERN STATES
• ANNUAL HARVEST IS 13.5 MILLION METRIC TONNES
• SYMPODIAL BAMBOO CONSISTS OF 67% OF GROWING STOCK
• MONOPODIAL BAMBOO COMPRISES OF 20% OF GROWING STOCK
• DECLINE IN TIMBER AVAILABILITY SPURRED INTEREST IN
BAMBOO BASED COMPOSITES
• BAMBOO BASED COMPOSITES PROVIDE PROMISING LINKAGES
BETWEEN ORGANISED SECTOR(RESIN BONDED BOARDS) AND
UNORGANISED SECTOR(HAND WOVEN MATS)
• PROVIDES POTENTIAL FOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN
RURAL AND TRIBAL AREAS ( COTTAGE SECTOR)
7. DISTRIBUTION OF BAMBOO IN INDIA
MAJOR
BAMBOO GROWING
REGIONS / STATES
MAIN SPECIES
D. strictus 45%
M.bamboosoides 20%
B.arundenacia 13%
D.hamiltonii 7%
B.tulda 5%
B.pallida 4%
AREA GS
(percent)
North East 28 66
Madhya pradesh 20 12
Maharashtra 10 5
Orissa 9 7
Andhra Pradesh 7 2
Karnataka 5.5 3
8.
9. GROWS 3 TIMES AS FAST & CAN BE HARVESTED 4 TIMES AS
OFTEN AS EUCALYPTUS
YIELDS 6 TIMES MORE CELLULOSE THAN FAST GROWING TREES
FOUND EXTENSIVELY IN NATURAL FORESTS AND
Can be grown on degraded and deforested land
Suitable for plantation or home garden cultivation
Grows in different rain fed climatic conditions
MAXIMUM BIOMASS PER UNIT AREA
SUITABLE FOR ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
BAMBOO IN PANEL FORM IS WELL SUITED TO SUBSTITUTE
PLYWOOD
WIDELY DISTRIBUTED, NATURALLY OCCURING & EASILY
AVAILABLE
BAMBOO – A WONDER GRASS
10. BAMBOO - PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO VARY GREATLY FROM SPECIES TO
SPECIES, AND TO SOME EXTENT WITH IN A SPECIES
CULMS ARE GENERALLY LONG & STRAIGHT AND THE HOLLOW
INTERNODES MAKE IT COMPARATIVELY LIGHT
STRENGTH VARIES WITH THE SPECIES, AGE OF CULM, MOISTURE
CONTENT AND PORTION OF CULM AND GENERALLY INCREASES UNTIL IT
REACHES MATURITY.
TENSILE STRENGTH IS HIGH PARALLEL TO THE GRAIN
BAMBOO FAILS IN SHEAR BEFORE IT FAILS IN TENSION & THEREFORE
MODULUS OF RUPTURE IS USED TO CALCULATE STRENGTH
DUE TO WEAK TRANSVERSE BONDS BETWEEN FIBRES, IT CAN BE
SPLIT EASILY ALONG THE LENGTH(RADIAL OR TANGENTIAL)
11. Specific gravity 0.575 to 0.655
Average weight 0.625 kg/m
Fibre stress at elastic limit 390 to 1000 kg/cm2
Modulus of rigidity 610 to 1600 kg/cm2
Modulus of elasticity 1.5 to 2.0 x 105
kg/cm2
Ultimate crushing stress 320 to 720 kg/cm2
Average tensile stress @ yield point 1400 to 2800 kg/cm2
Ultimate compressive stress 794 to 864 kg/cm2
Safe working stress in compression 105 kg/cm2
Safe working stress in tension 160 to 350 kg/cm2
Safe working stress in shear 115 to 180 kg/cm2
Bond stress 5.6 kg/cm2
(which can be increased
up to 10 kg/cm2
i.e. equal to that of
steel with concrete after suitable
treatment)
BAMBOO - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
12. SEASONING OF BAMBOO
ESSENTIAL PRE-REQUISITE FOR MAINTAINING SHAPE
AND STRENGTH OF BAMBOO
METHODS
AIR SEASONING
MODIFIED AIR SEASONING
CHEMICAL SEASONING
BAKING OVER OPEN FIRE
KILN SEASONING
13. BAMBOO - PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT
Boucherie Process
Dip Diffusion
Inter nodal Injection Method
Hot & Cold
18. Growing stock in natural forest 3-4 tonnes/ha/yr
Growing stock in Plantation 5-12 tonnes/ha/yr
No. of bamboo required for CFC
per year of 20 ft length
3,00,000 Nos.
Quantity of Bamboo 1000 tonnes
Land requirement of bamboo (5
tonnes per ha)
200 ha.
No. of mats of size 2.5m x 1.3m 1,50,000 mats/yr
Capital investment $120 thousand
Bamboo required per day 3.33 tonnes
Cost of Bamboo $40/- per tonne
∴cost of raw material per day $130/-
COMMON FACILITY CENTRE FOR
PRIMARY BAMBOO PROCESSING
A Bird’s Eye View
19. (a) Operation of machinery and quality control – 40 persons
(b) Mat weaving – 500 mats per day – 200 persons
Labour
Mechanic cum Quality control operator $1.6 / per day $64
Mat weaver $1 per day $200
$264
Electricity, water, maintenance, advertisement,
depreciation and other contingencies 40% of raw material
cost
$53
TOTAL $450
Cost of production per mat $0.9
Selling price $1.2
Net Profit per day $151
Net profit per year $45360
B/C ratio 1:1.34
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION AT CFC
20. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS DEVELOPED AT IPIRTI
1. BAMBOO MAT BASED PRODUCTS1. BAMBOO MAT BASED PRODUCTS
• BAMBOO MAT BOARD
• BAMBOO MAT VENEER COMPOISTE
• BAMBOO MAT CORRUGATED SHEETS
• BAMBOO MAT TRAY
• BAMBOO MAT MOULDED SKIN DOOR
• BAMBOO MAT RIDGE CAP
2. BAMBOO STRIP BASED PRODUCTS2. BAMBOO STRIP BASED PRODUCTS
BAMBOO-WOOD (LAMINATES) FROM INDIAN BAMBOOS
DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT VEHICLE FLOORING
3. BAMBOO IN ROUND / SPLIT / COMPOSITE FROM3. BAMBOO IN ROUND / SPLIT / COMPOSITE FROM
BAMBOO BASED HOUSING SYSTEM
Bamboo Match Sticks
21.
22. Bamboo Mat Board
HIGH MODULUS OF RIGIDITY COMPARED TO
PLYWOOD
HIGH IN–PLANE RIGIDITY
HIGH RACKING STRENGTH
MORE FLEXIBLE THAN EQUILAVENT
PLYWOOD
ECONOMICAL COMPARED TO PLYWOOD
INSTITUTE IS INSTRUMENTAL IN THE
FORMATION OF SPECIFICATION ‘IS:13598’
“BAMBOO MAT BOARD FOR GENERAL
PURPOSES”
BMB CAN BE UTILIZED FOR SHEATHING
MATERIAL IN STRUCTURAL AND SEMI
STRUCTURAL PURPOSES SUCH AS WALL
PANELING, PARTITIONS, ROOF SHEETHING,
DOOR SKINS, BOX FURNITURE, BUILT UP
HOLLOW BEAMS, GUSSETS, AND
CONTAINERS
BAMBOO MAT BOARD
IS:13598
24. USE OF VENEERS FROM PLANTATION TIMBER
ALONG WITH BAMBOO MATS FOR
MANUFACTURE OF HIGHER GRADES OF
PLYWOOD.
AN ALTERNATIVE TO STRUCTURAL AND
SHUTTERING GRADE PLYWOOD WITHOUT
WARPAGE
MOE AND MOR OF BMVC ARE HIGHER THAN
EQUIVALENT PLYWOOD
BMVC WILL BE ECONOMICAL IN HIGHER
THICKNESS AS COMPARED TO BMB
FOR ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES BMVC CAN BE
USED IN A SIMILAR WAY TO PLYWOOD.
INSTITUTE IS INSTRUMENTAL IN THE
FORMATION OF SPECIFICATION ‘IS:14588’
“BAMBOO MAT VENEER COMPOSITE FOR
GENERAL PURPOSES”
BAMBOO MAT VENEER COMPOSITE(BMVC)
Bamboo Mat
Veneer Composite
IS:14588
25. REPLACEMENT OF HIGH PRICED IMPORTED
VENEERS WITH BAMBOO MAT
RESIN FORMULATIONS OPTIMIZED FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF HIGH DENSITY SHUTTERING
GRADE PANELS.
DENSITY OF THE PANELS ACHIEVED IS 1.1gm/cc TO
1.2gm/cc
PANELS WITH BAMBOO MATS ALONE AND IN
COMBINATION OF BAMBOO MATS & VENEERS WERE
MADE
THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES MEETS THE
REQUIREMENT OF IS: 4990 – 1993, “SPECIFICATION
FOR SHUTTERING GRADE PLYWOOD” IN ALL
CONSTRUCTIONS.
EASE THE PRESSURE ON IMPORT OF TIMBER
BAMBOO MAT COMPREGHIGH DENSITY SHUTTERING GRADE PANEL
Bamboo Mat
Compreg
BMC overlaid with
Phenolic Film
26. BMCS IS A GREEN ROOFING MATERIAL COMPARED TO OTHER
ROOFING MATERIALS IN THE MARKET SUCH AS ACCS,CFRP,CAS,CGIS
THE MANUFACTURE OF BMCS DOES NOT AFFECT THE HEALTH OF
WORKERS AND ENVIRONMENT.
ENERGY REQUIREMENT IS LOW
HAS IMMENSE POTENTIAL AS AN ECOFRIENDLY ROOFING MATERIAL
IS HIGHLY RESILIENT,LOW WEIGHT,LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY,
GOOD AESTHETIC APPEARANCE
INSTITUTE IS INSTRUMENTAL IN THE FORMATION OF INDIAN STANDARD
SPECIFICATION ‘IS:15476’ “BAMBOO MAT CORRUGATED SHEETS”
BAMBOO MAT CORRUGATED SHEET(BMCS)
Bamboo Mat Corrugated
Sheet IS:15476’
27. Particular
s
Thickness
mm
Width
in mm
Max
Load
N
Load bearing
capacity in
N/mm
Weight of sheet
(2.44m x1.05m)
in kgs
BMCS[4
layers]
3.7 400 1907 4.77 9.78
GI Sheet 0.6 400 1937 4.84 10.43
Aluminium
sheet
0.6 405 669 1.67 3.92
ACCS 6 330 1800 5.45 21.5
STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF BMCS IN COMPARISON
WITH OTHER EXISTING ROOFING SHEETS
28. BMRC IS COMPATIBLE FOR ROOFING
WITH BAMBOO MAT CORRUGATED
SHEETS
SUITABLE FOR WIDE RANGE OF ROOF
ANGLES
REPLACEMENT FOR THE PRESENT
PRACTICE OF USING THIN FLAT BOARDS
WHICH CAUSES PERFORATIONS DUE TO
WEATHERING.
DIMENSIONALLY STABLE, NON
PERMEABLE , ANTI-TERMITE AND
WEATHER RESISTANT
READY & EASY TO FIX FOR ROOFING
PURPOSE.
BAMBOO MAT RIDGE CAP(BMRC)
Bamboo Mat Ridge Cap
29. FLEXI- PLY WITH BAMBOO MAT AS CORE
FLEXI–PLY BASED ON BAMBOO
MAT & WOOD VENEER IS A NEW
ENGINEERED PRODUCT
HAS A GREAT POTENTIAL FOR
APPLICATIONS IN MAKING CABINS
OF HEMISPHERICAL SHAPES AND
ARCHES WITH SHARP CURVATURES
Flexi-Ply
Flexi-Ply Centre Table
30. REDUCTION IN THE CONSUMPTION
OF TIMBER FOR MAKING DOORS AS
THEY ARE HOLLOW DOORS
WITHOUT WOOD BATTENS
SAVES ABOUT 1/3 QUANTITY OF
TIMBER
THEY ARE MORE STRONGER THAN
IMPORTED SKIN BOARDS MADE
FROM HIGH DENSITY FIBRE BOARD
BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH IMPACT
RESISTANCE
LEADS TO IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
Bamboo Mat Moulded
Skin Board
Door with Bamboo Mat
Moulded Skin Board
BAMBOO MAT MOULDED SKIN BOARD(BMMSB)
31. Bamboo mat
chair
BAMBOO MAT TRAY & CHAIR SEATS
WATER RESISTANT
HEAT RESISTANT
SCRATCH RESISTANT
UNBREAKABLE
ECOFRIENDLY Bamboo Mat Tray
37. BAMBOO – OLDEST & MOST VERSATILE
BUILDING MATERIAL
EASY AVAILABILITY
LOW COST
HIGH STRENGTH WEIGHT RATIO
CAPACITY TO ABSORB MORE ENERGY
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
INSPITE OF THIS THE USE OF BAMBOO HAS BEEN LARGELY RESTRICTED TO
TEMPORARY STRUCTURES AND LOWER GRADE BUILDINGS DUE TO
LIMITED NATURAL DURABILITY
DIFFICULT IN JOINTING
LACK OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN DATA
EXCLUSION FROM BUILDING CODE
38. BAMBOO JOINTS
TRADITIONAL PRACTICES
END JOINTING
LAP JOINT
BUTT JOINT
SLEEVES & INSERTS
SCARF JOINT
REBATED JOINTS
BEARING JOINTS
BUTT JOINT
TENON JOINT
CROSS OVER JOINT
OBLIQUE JOINTS
ANGLE JOINTS
40. MODERN JOINTING PRACTICES
MILD STEEL BOLTS AND DOWELS
M. S. WIRE AND PINS
PLYWOOD AND BMB GUSSETS
GLUED PLYWOOD/WOOD INSERTS
41. Wall in fill: non-load-bearing,
comprising a grid of split
bamboo covered in wire mesh
and cement mortar
Roof structure: bamboo
rafters or trusses
supporting bamboo purlins
BAMBOO BUILDING SYSTEM
42. To date, a prototype
building system has been
developed comprising
Foundations: individual
column footings
Columns: bamboo culms
set in (or on) concrete
footings
Floor: raised by two or
three brick courses, filled
with rubble and secreeded
BAMBOO BUILDING SYSTEM
43. 1.Rafters & purlins
Dip diffusion
22
3.Columns
Internodal injection
or Boucherie
33
11
2.Grid
Dip diffusion
Treatment
BAMBOO BUILDING SYSTEM
44. Roof covering: corrugated
bamboo mat board
Doors and windows:
frames of sawn plantation
timber with bamboo mat
board infill panels.
BAMBOO BUILDING SYSTEM
45. BAMBOO HOUSE CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES
TREATED BAMBOO COLUMNS 75-100 mm DIAMETER SPACED AT 1.2 M INTERVAL AND
SET IN CEMENT CONCRETE FOOTING
FOUNDATION OF STONE MASONRY AND
BASEMENT OF CEMENTCONCRETE BLOCKS
GRID PREPARATION
50. SUCCESSFULLY TESTED ON SHAKE TABLE AT CPRI, BANGALORE. WITHSTOOD ZONE 5
(NBC 83) EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY WITHOUT ANY VISIBLE FAILURE
TESTING
51. BAMBOO HOUSES CONSTRUCTED
AT IPIRTI CAMPUS
Two bedroom Guest HouseSecurity Cabin
Demonstration house built @ IPIRTIPrefabricated BMB Wood Shelter
52. BAMBOO HOUSES CONSTRUCTED AT DIFFERENT
PLACES IN INDIA
Bamboo House
Built at Agartala
Bamboo House
built at Chennai
53. PRE-FABRICATED HOUSE
BAMBOO PANEL WALL & ROOF
COMPONENTS CAN BE USED
PREFABRICATED MODULE
HOUSES FOR THE EMERGENCY
RELIEF AND TEMPORARY USE
THEY ARE FEASIBLE IN
TECHNICAL /ECONOMICAL/
ENVIRON-MENTAL ASPECTS.
FAST ERECTION, EASY FOR
ASSEMBLY/STORAGE
/TRANSPORTATION
Pre-fab House
54. SPECIES TRIED
BAMBUSA BAMBOSE
DENDROCALAMUS STRICTUS
STRENGTH CONFORMS TO IS 1140:1970
HEAD FIXING CONFORMS TO IS 2653:1993
NO AFTER GLOW
BURNING - CONTINUOUS TEMP ACHIEVED 300O
C
PATENT
Application # 627/MAS-7-8-2000
BAMBOO MATCH STICK
55. CONCLUSION
THE USE OF TROPICAL HARDWOOD IS CURTAILED MANIFOLD
BECAUSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REASONS
NON- WOOD MATERIALS SUCH AS PLASTICS , METALS,
REQUIRE HIGH ENERGY LEADING TO MORE AIR AND WATER
POLLUTION
ALMOST ALL PRODUCTS THAT CAN BE MADE FROM WOOD
CAN ALSO BE MADE FROM BAMBOO
GROWTH & USE OF BAMBOO HELP IN FIXING ATMOSPHERIC
CARBON AND NEEDS LESS ENERGY WHILE PROCESSING
BAMBOO PRODUCTS ARE BIODEGRADABLE & DO NOT
POLLUTE THE NATURE.
56. BAMBOO IN ALL FORMS ARE ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY
BAMBOO IS RENEWABLE RESOURCE AT SHORT
INTERVAL
BAMBOO BASED COMPOSITES, THEREFORE CAN BE
THE MATERIAL FOR THE FUTURE
CONCLUSION contd..
