SEISMICITY OF INDIAN PLATE

1. Topic: SEISMICITY OF INDIAN PLATE

3. A Collection of Felt Intensity Data for 570
Earthquakes in India from 1636 to 2009
 Collection of historical Indian earthquakes occurring in the past 450 years contain
errors in date, location and magnitude, and list few intensity data in a form suited to
numerical analysis. The following account addresses this deficiency by presenting a
unified analysis of intensity data assessed from accounts of damage, or from felt
perceptions of earthquakes. As such it omits some earthquakes for which no intensity
data are available. In contrast it includes several earthquakes missing from previous
data . With few exceptions, the listing in based on original source materials archived
in Indian and European libraries, regional newspapers, private letters and diaries, and
government reports. For earthquakes later than 2000, eyewitness accounts provided
via the World Wide Web or communicated in person have also been included.

4. A cumulative histogram of earthquakes per 50 year period in the historical
seismic catalog (right hand axis). Vertical bars topped with circles (left hand
axis) show observations per earthquake.

5. Date Longitude Latitude EMS-98 Location Earthquake
1636-08-29 72.81 21.19 3 Surat
1669-06-23 74.79 34.08 5 Srinagar
1676-08-26 86.94 21.48 4 Balasore
1736-03-24 74.79 34.08 7 Srinagar
1762-04-02 88.35 22.57 3 Calcutta CHITTAGONG-
1762
1762-04-02 88.386 22.88 3 Chandernagore CHITTAGONG-
1762
1762-04-02 91.838 22.342 5 Goyparah CHITTAGONG-
1762
1762-04-02 91.665 22.552 6 Akulpoor-Bansbaria CHITTAGONG-1762
1762-04-02 91.773 22.297 6 Howla CHITTAGONG-
1762
1762-04-02 91.826 22.349 7 Chittagong/Islamabad CHITTAGONG-1762
1762-04-02 92.101 22.133 7 Dahrampoor CHITTAGONG-
1762
1762-04-02 92.065 22.168 7 Do Hazari CHITTAGONG-
1762
1762-04-02 92.084 22.367 8 Bahngoo Changee CHITTAGONG-1762

6. EARTHQUAKES IN PAKISTAN ALONG INDIAN PLATE
DATE DISTRICT/PROVINCE M DEATHS INJURIES NOTES
2014-05-08 Sindh 4.5 2 50
2013-09-28 Awaran District, Balochistan 6.8 400
2013-09-24 Awaran District, Balochistan 7.7 825 700
2008-10-29 Ziarat District, Quetta 6.4 215 200

7. MAJOR EARTHQUAKES IN PAKISTAN
August 24, 1931 7 – Sharigh valley, Balochistan
August 27, 1931 7.4 – Mach, Balochistan
May 31, 1935 7.7 60,000 Districts of Balochistan
Nov. 27, 1945 7.9 4,000 Makran-Sindh coastal areas
December 28, 1974 6.2 5,300 Districts of the Khyber province
October 8, 2005 7.6 73,000 Parts of Khyber and Azad Kashmir
October 29, 2008 6.4 216 Quetta, Balochistan
January 18, 2011 7.2 2 Balochistan

8. The locations of the 1833 and 1866 Nepal earthquakes as determined using the various
method. The contours represent the 50% and 67% confidence regions obtained using method
described by Bakun (1999). The previous estimate of epicentral location for the 1833 earthquake
from Ambraseys and Douglas (2004) is represented by a square. Filled circles indicate the
locations of felt reports for the 1833 and 1866 earthquakes within 250 km of Kathmandu.
a magnitude of 7.2±0.2

9. 2001 Bhuj Mw 7.6
Distance (km)

10. ZONES OF INDIAN PLATE
Zone 5
Zone 5 covers the areas with the highest risks zone that suffers earthquakes of intensity MSK IX or greater.
The IS code assigns zone factor of 0.36 for Zone 5. Structural designers use this factor for earthquake resistant
design of structures in Zone 5. The zone factor of 0.36 is indicative of effective (zero period) level earthquake
in this zone. It is referred to as the Very High Damage Risk Zone. The region of Kashmir, the western and
central Himalayas, North and Middle Bihar, the North-East Indian region and the Rann of Kutch fall in this
zone.
Generally, the areas having trap rock or basaltic rock are prone to earthquakes.
Zone 4
This zone is called the High Damage Risk Zone and covers areas liable to MSK VIII. The IS code assigns
zone factor of 0.24 for Zone 4. The Indo-Gangetic basin and the capital of the country (Delhi), Jammu and
Kashmir fall in Zone 4. In Maharashtra, the Patan area (Koyananager) is also in zone no-4. In Bihar the
northern part of the state like- Raksaul, Near the border of India and Nepal, is also in zone no-4.

11. Zone 3
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of Kashmir, Western Himalayas fall under this zone. This zone is
classified as Moderate Damage Risk Zone which is liable to MSK VII. and also 7.8 The IS code assigns zone
factor of 0.16 for Zone 3.
Zone 2
This region is liable to MSK VI or less and is classified as the Low Damage Risk Zone. The IS code assigns
zone factor of 0.10 (maximum horizontal acceleration that can be experienced by a structure in this zone is
10% of gravitational acceleration) for Zone 2.
Zone 1
Since the current division of India into earthquake hazard zones does not use Zone 1, no area of India is
classed as Zone 1.
Future changes in the classification system may or may not return this zone to use

12. of INDIAN FAULTS OF INDIAN PLATE

13. Faults of Indian Plate
 Muzaffarabad Fault
 Jhelum fault
 Sagaing Fault
 Kalabagh Fault
 Chaman Fault
 Balakot Fault
 MBT Fault
 MKT Fault
 Harnai Fault
 Ornach-Nal Fault

14. Muzaffarabad fault
 Muzaffarabad fault occurred between the late Cambrian Abbottabad
Formation and the Miocene Murree Formation from Balakot to
Muzaffarabad city which is a major unconformity, while from
Muzaffarabad city to Bagh through Chikar it runs within the Murree
Formation.

15. MUZAFFARABAD FAULT
The city of Muzaffarabad lies close to the junction of two active
faults, the Muzaffarabad Thrust and the Jhelum Fault.
Muzaffarabad fault is resposible for deadly earthquake of
October 08, 2005; whereas the Jhelum Fault has been relatively
inactive
in the recent past.

16. MUZAFFARABAD FAULT

17. JHELUM FAULT
Jhelum Fault is a NS oriented upright strike slip fault, marking the southern
continuation of western limb of Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis from Muzaffarabad
In the mapped area the Murree Formation is exposed to the east of Jhelum Fault and is found
only in the axial zone of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis
After crossing Chathar area in Muzaffarabad, Jhelum Fault runs parallel to the Jhelum
River in N-S direction and exhibits a sharp contact at most of its exposures

21. MBT
Main boundary thrust is the main frontal thrust of the himalayan range,
which runs about 1500 km from Assam in the east to kashmir in the
west in fore land zone. The MBT fault zone represents very high
earthquack potential in this reagion, as it is source of many
earthquacks,which are amongst the greatest ever recorded events.
This include 1905 kangra earthquack of M 8.6.
1934 Bihar-nipal earthquack of M 8.4 and
the great Assam earthquack of 1897 and 1950. The rapture which
caused these earthquakes occurred in the detachment in the vicinity of
surface trace of MBT

22. KALABAGH FAULT
The 120-km-long Kalabagh fault zone is formed by
transpressive right-lateral strike-slip along the
western Salt Range
Kalabagh fault indicate 12–14 km of middle to late
Quaternary right-lateral offset western Salt Range