Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Ontology based support for brain tumour study
1. Ontology-based Support
for
Brain Tumour Study
Subhashis Das
MSLIS 2011-13
DRTC, Indian Statistical Institute
2. Presentation Structure
Introduction and background
Problems of current informaton retrieval systems
Why I chose Ontology
Ontology building method
Use
Conclusion
3. Introduction
For the diagnosis and detection of brain tumour
Computer based diagnosis system proves to be helpful
Brain tumour is one of the most deadly diseases in India
It contributes significantly to morbidity
Poor prognosis
4. Background
Diagnosis using MRI & MRS is the main way of detection
Brain tumours remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality and
afflict a large percentage of the World population.
In children over 1 year of age, brain tumours are the most common solid
malignancies that cause disease-related death.
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; MRS: Magnetic Resonance Scan
5. Why I chose brain tumours?
Clinical importance
Important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults
and children
Few improvements in outcome
New approaches to management needed via greater
understanding
6. Problems in IR
Current information retrieval systems mostly
Keyword search,
Low precision.
Junk retrieval
7.
8. So what is the solution?
Ontology based information system
10. Rumours about ontologies
Ontologies are overly publicised:
“Ontology” is becoming a buzz word
“Ontology” can “say” whatever one intends to say
“Ontology” means inference
“Ontology” is the ultimate solution for
interoperability
11. Ontology
A common language/vocabulary/terminology for various
participants
Formalised in an unambiguous representation
For software agents, human experts, patients
To assist in communication between humans and
computer
To achieve interoperability
To improve the design and quality of software systems
12. Ontology
A “static” conceptualisation of the world
“What is?” rather than “How does?”
Allows reasoning which respects the translation of
concepts as sets of (possible) individuals
Provides the underlying knowledge model for other
types of reasoning, e.g. Rule Based, Case Based etc.
Ontology enhance the semantics of terms by providing
richer relationships between the terms of vocabulary
13. Why OWL (Web Ontology
Language)?
Reasoning capability
Subsumption relationship (is-a)
Relies on necessary and sufficient definition of
concepts
Good for maintaining a consistent ontology
W3C standard
Good support: existing systems and tools
Good compatibility:
Many ontologies are developed in owl or will be
translated into owl
Good extensibility
14. Benefits
The analysis and combination of the information the result will
be presented in a way that makes it easier for the user to have
an overview of the up-to-date knowledge about brain tumour.
The inherited organization of ontologies adds taxonomical
context to search result making it easier for the research to
spot conceptual relationships in data.
Any one can find relationship between different factors that
are responsible for brain tumour.
15. Other benefits
Eliminating redundant effort
Significant head-start
Interoperability with other ontologies
Community acceptance
16. Methodology
Identification of the terminology
Analysis
Synthesis
Standardization
Ordering
Sources: Giunchiglia, Fausto; Dutta, Biswanath;Maltese, Vincenzo and Farazi, Feroz (2012): A facet-based
methodology for the construction of a large-scale geospatial ontology
17. Identification of the
terminology
Information sources
National Brain Tumor Society (http://www.braintumor.org)-USA)
American Brain Tumor Association (http://www.abta.org/)
Brain Tumor Foundation of Canada (http://www.braintumour.ca/)
Brain Tumor Association of Western Australia
(http://braintumourwa.com)
Resource pre-processing
Mapping the resources
Integration of the resources
18. Analysis and synthesis
The formal terms collected during the previous
phase are analyzed per genus.
With the synthesis, formal terms are arrange into
facets
19. Standardization
SNOMED CT®
Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Term (SNOMED CT)
more than 311,000 active concepts with unique meanings and formal
logic-based definitions organized into 19 hierarchies.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
The MeSH is a controlled vocabulary developed by the National Library
of Medicine (NLM) for indexing and retrieval of biomedical literature,
including MEDLINE
More than 1,77,000 entry
Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh and http://viw2.vetmed.vt.edu/sct/menu.cfm
20. Principles of building brain
tumour ontology
The constructed brain tumour ontology has four main branches
Types- Describing different types of brain tumour
Symptoms- Describing symptoms of brain tumour
Causes- Causes responsible for brain tumour which are mainly
environmental and genetic
Treatments- Giving an overview of all treatments possible for that
particular type of brain tumour
21. Types
Primary tumors of the brain
Gliomas
Lowest grade tumors
Lower grade malignancies
Higher-grade malignancies
Highest-grade malignancies
Meningioma
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET)
Pituitary tumors
Pineal Tumors
Choroid plexus tumors
Other, more benign primary tumors
Tumors of nerves and/or nerve sheaths
Cyst
Other primary tumors, including skull base
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL)
Metastatic brain tumors and carcinomatous meningitis
22.
23. Symptoms
A new seizure in an adult
Gradual loss of movement or sensation in an arm or leg
Unsteadiness or imbalance, especially if it is associated with
headache
Loss of vision in one or both eyes, especially if the vision loss is more
peripheral
Double vision, especially if it is associated with headache
Hearing loss with or without dizziness
Speech difficulty of gradual onset
Other symptoms may also include nausea or vomiting that is most
severe in the morning, confusion and disorientation, and memory
loss.
The following symptoms are usually not caused by a brain tumor, but
may sometimes be:
Headache
A change in behavior
24. Genetic-Causes
The ontology explain that brain tumour have different types which also further divided
into subtypes. Brain tumour is caused by causes which can be genetic or environmental.
26. Treatment
There is a corresponding symptoms of observable characteristics of an ill individual and
treatment possible for the disorder that can be chemotherapy, surgery, psychotherapy or
medication.
27. Demo
Now I show you how I build ontology using Protégé 4.1 ontology editor
28. Use
For physician
If a medical practitioner queries the system, she/he will mainly be
interested in
Symptoms
Possible treatment
29. Use
When a physician cannot identify disease.
30. Use
For researchers
Its helps on drug discovery
Its directed or may allow researcher to narrow down the region of
interest on particular gene
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1 gene),
Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2 gene),
Turcots (APC gene),
Gorlins (PTCH gene),
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (TP53 gene).
32. Conclusions and future
work
A computer-base brain tumour ontology support the works of
researcher in gathering information on brain tumour research
and allows user across the world to intelligently access new
scientific information much more quickly.
Shared knowledge improves research efficiency and
effectiveness, as it helps to avoid unnecessary redundancy in
doing the same experiments.
33. Reference
National Brain Tumor Society (http://www.braintumor.org)-USA
American Brain Tumor Association (http://www.abta.org/)
Brain Tumor foundation of Canada (http://www.braintumour.ca/)
Brain Tumor Association of Western Australia
(http://braintumourwa.com)
Snomed-CT ( http://www.ihtsdo.org/snomed-ct/)
Medical Subject Headings
(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/mesh.html)
Hadzic, Maja and Chang, Elizabeth (2005): Ontology-based support
for human disease study. IEEE, 2005, pp.1-7.