IT Week 3

Week-3 & 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

System Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],system unit system unit system unit system unit

The System Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],power supply ports drive bays processor memory sound card video card modem card network card

Mother Board ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],processor chip adapter cards memory chips memory slots motherboard Expansion slots for adapter cards

CMOS, BIOS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mother Board (Cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],pin grid array (PGA) package holds processor chips dual inline packages (DIP) holds memory chips

Processor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Central Processing Unit (CPU) is an electronic device that interprets and carries out the instructions that operates the computer.

Processor ( Cont’d ) ,[object Object]

Processor ( Cont’d ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Processor ( Cont’d ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Processor ( Cont’d ) ,[object Object],Logical Operations  ,  less than or equal to, not less than or equal to ^ Raise by a power  ,  greater than or equal to, not greater than or equal to  Divide <, < less than, not less than x Multiply >, > greater than, not greater than  Subtract  ,  equal to, not equal to + Add Arithmetic Operations

Processor (Cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Machine Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Step 2. Decode Translate instruction into commands Processor Control Unit Memory ALU Step 1. Fetch Obtain program instruction or data item from memory Step 4. Store Write result to memory Step 3. Execute Carry out command

System Clock Each tick is a clock cycle Pace of system clock is clock speed Most clock speeds are in the gigahertz (GHz) range (1 GHz = one billion ticks of system clock per second) Processor speed can also be measured in m illions of i nstructions p er s econd (MIPS) or in FLOPs ,[object Object],[object Object]

Heat Sink ,[object Object],heat sink fan heat sink

Parallel Processing Control Processor Results combined ,[object Object],[object Object],Processor 1 Memory Processor 2 Memory Processor 3 Memory Processor 4 Memory

Multi-Core Processor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multi-Core Processor (Cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Basic Units Of Measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ON OFF or ,[object Object],[object Object]

Data Representation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data Representation (Cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data Representation (Cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ASCII Symbol EBCDIC 00110000 0 11110000 00110001 1 11110001 00110010 2 11110010 00110011 3 11110011

Data Representation (Cont’d) ,[object Object],Step 2. An electronic signal for the capital letter D is sent to the system unit. Step 3. The signal for the capital letter D is converted to its ASCII binary code (01000100) and is stored in memory for processing. Step 1. The user presses the capital letter D (shift+D key) on the keyboard. Step 4. After processing, the binary code for the capital letter D is converted to an image, and displayed on the output device.

Basic Units Of Measurement ( Processor And Memory Speed ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Seat #2B4 Seat #2B3

Memory (Cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Random Access Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The more RAM a computer has, the faster it responds Also called main memory or primary storage Most RAM is volatile , it is lost when computer’s power is turned off Memory chips that can be read from and written to by processor

How do program instructions transfer in and out of RAM? Step 1. When you start the computer, certain operating system files load into RAM from the hard disk. The operating system displays the user interface on the screen. Operating system instructions Operating system interface Web browser program instructions are removed from RAM Web browser window no longer is displayed on desktop Step 2. When you start a word processing program, the program’s instructions load into RAM from the hard disk. The word processing program, along with the Web Browser and certain operating system instructions are in RAM. The word processing program window is displayed on the screen. Step 3. When you quit a program, such as the Web browser, its program instructions are removed from RAM. The Web browser no longer is displayed on the screen. Word processing program instructions Word processing program window RAM RAM

Where does Memory Reside? ,[object Object],[object Object],memory chip memory slot dual inline memory module

IT Week 3

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