Consciousness Society Conference Presentation: Nitric Oxide Spiking and Consciousness

Nitric Oxide Spiking and Consciousness
Robert Wright, Jr., PhD, COFT
Consciousness Society Conference
Yale University
New Haven, CT, June 5, 2015
Copyright © 2015 All Rights Reserved www.StressFreeNow.info

A Special Thank You To
Alan Leslie Combs, Ph.D.
Doshi Professor of Consciousness Studies
Director, CIIS Center for Consciousness Studies
Founder, Consciousness Society
Director, Conscious Evolution M.A. Program
Graduate Institute of Connecticut.
John Beaulieu, N.D., Ph.D.
CEO, Biosonics Incorporated
NYS Licensed Counselor/Psychotherapist
Board Certified Naturopathic Physician
Adjunct Professor Integrative Health Studies
Sound Healing Emphasis, CIIS

Quotations
The biggest deterrent to scientific progress is a refusal of
some people, including scientists, to believe that things
that seem amazing can really happen.
---George Trimble
When the mind becomes attuned, it becomes capable of
hearing the voice of the unknown. The sounds which are
heard in such a state do not belong to any particular
language, religion or tradition.
---Swami Rama
After silence that which comes nearest to expressing the
inexpressible is music.
---Aldous Huxley

Quotations
The “problem” of consciousness—and its attendant “problem,”
the nature of reality…marks the frontier of human exploration,
a frontier that we may never fully conquer….But what makes
solving the problem of consciousness so compelling is
essentially personal: it would bring meaning for each one of us.
It would answer those gnawing existential questions about who
we are, how the world works, and what is “real.”….Are we alone
in our own solipsistic world, or is the experience of
consciousness something we share with those we are pleased
to consider sentient beings?....Or is it the very fabric of the
cosmos, the Absolute?
--Jenny Wade, p. xiii-xiv, Forword, In Alan Combs (2009),
Consciousness Explained Better

What Is Nitric Oxide?
• In 1998, Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad
were awarded a Noble Prize in Medicine or Physiology for
their nitric oxide research (Geneeskd, 1998).
• Nitric oxide is a gas with the chemical formula NO.
• Serves as a signaling molecule in mammals including humans.
• Is a short lived endogenously produced gas.
• Plays a primarily therapeutic role throughout the body.
(Stefano, 2003; Stefano, & Magazine, 2001; Stefano, Benson,
Frichionne, & Esch, 2005).

What Is Nitric Oxide?
• Discovered as a vasodilator working guanylate cyclase.
• Operates as a free radical and free radical scavenger.
• Exerts anti-viral properties.
• Exerts anti-bacterial properties.
• Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement.
(Benz, Cadet, Mantinone, et al. 2002b; Shinde, Mehta, &
Goyal, 2000).

What Is Nitric Oxide
• Can be a toxic air pollutant, e.g. car exhaust fumes.
• Plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure.
• Helps prevent blood clotting.
• Fast acting: Diffuses over 50uM in seconds.
• Intra and intercellular signaling substance.
(Benz, Cadet, Mantinone, et al. 2002a; Esch, Stefano,
Fricchione, & Benson, 2002; Fricchione, & Stefano, 2005).

Types of Nitric Oxide
• There are three (3) forms of nitric oxide (NO): cNOS,
eNOS, and iNOS.
• The constitutive forms of NO (cNOS and eNOS) generally
engender healing effects.
• The inducible variety (iNOS) typically has a pro-
inflammatory effect when certain events are triggered,
e.g. chronic stressors.
(Erez, Ayelet, et al., 2011; Esch, Stefano, Fricchione, &
Benson, 2002; Fleshner, & Laudenslager, 2004 ).

How Is Nitric Oxide Used?
• Used extensively to treat various medical conditions.
• Popular erectile dysfunction drugs such as Viagra, Cialis and
Levitra work by regulating NO puffing.
• Nitroglycerin ameliorates angina pain by supplying NO to the
heart.
• Controls the effects and activation of norephinephrine
processes throughout the brain and CNS including synthesis,
release and action potentials.
(Stefano, 2003; Stefano, Fricchione, Slingsby & Benson, 2001;
Tomasian, Keaney, & Vita, 2000; Young, Chen, & Weis,
2011).

Importance of Nitric Oxide
“[NO is] a major biological signaling pathway that has been
missed with regard to the way it controls proteins….What we
see now for the first time…is that there are enzymes that are
removing NO from proteins to control protein activity. This
action has a broad based effect, frankly, and probably happens
in virtually all cells and across all protein classes. NO is
implicated in many disease processes. Sepsis, asthma, cystic
fibrosis, Parkinson’s disease, heart failure, malignant
hyperthermia – all of these diseases are linked to aberrant NO
based signaling”
(Duke University Medical Center, 2008, May).

Importance of Nitric Oxide
• Protects your body and mind from disease, infections and
inflammations caused by stress.
• Synchronizes your internal cellular rhythms.
• Scavenges free radicals in the body.
• Promotes better vascular flow and a healthy heart.
• Enhances cellular vitality and fluidity.
(Beaulieu, 2005, 2009; Mantione, Cadet, & Zhu, 2008; Mata-
Greenwood, & Chen, 2008; Samuelson, Foret, Baim, et al.,
2010; Segerstrom, & Miller, 2004; Shinde, Mehta, & Goyal,
2000).

What Is Nitric Oxide Spiking?
• Ordinarily cells attempt to keep a state of balance and
homeostasis by regulating their release of NO which is
called “puffing” or known as spiking.
• When we are “in rhythm” the body naturally produces NO
inside vascular, nerve and immune cells.
• When the NO system is functioning properly, release of NO is
cyclic and autoregulatory; generally, this makes us feel
good.
• This cyclic nature enhances physical and emotional well
being and proactively prevents illness and disease states.
Scientists use the word “spiking” to describe any process that
gets “flatlined” NO to “puff” again. When NO levels spike,
you immediately feel relaxed.
(Beaulieu, 2005, 2009, 2010; Stefano & Magazine, 2001).

What Is Nitric Oxide Spiking?
Endogenous nitric oxide spiking is sometimes referred to as
“puffing.” This is gaseous NO in its cyclic and autoregulatory
form which usually takes place in a three (3) step wave phase:
one ascending, a stillpoint (pause), another descending, which
is a natural healing rhythm. The NO wave spike is short lived,
approximately six (6) minutes in length.
(Stefano, Salzet, & Magazine, 2003).

Benefits of Nitric Oxide Spiking
• Enhances cellular vitality.
• Enhances vascular flow especially heart healing.
• Boosts immune system by destroying bacteria and viruses at
the micro level.
• increases ability to prevent and fight infections.
• Increases resistance to stress.
• Increases resistance to pain in conjunction with endogenous
morphine.
(Long, Light, & Talbot, 1999; Lowson, 2003; MacMillan, 2012;
Northrup, 2008; Pryor, Zhu, Cadet, et al., 2005).

Benefits of Nitric Oxide Spiking
• Increases energy levels.
• Increases physical and mental stamina.
• Sharpens mental clarity.
• Diminishes states of depression due to balancing of the
autonomic nervous system.
• Improves digestion and natural cleansing.
(Beaulieu, 2005; Benz, Cadet, Mantione, et al., 2002; Dusek,
Chang, Zaki, et al., 2006; Elam, R., et al., 1989;
Guoyao, & Meininger, 2000; Guoyao, & Morris, 1998).

Nitric Oxide Wave Spiked by EnRhythm

EnRhthym Nitric Oxide Wave
Spiking Explanation
Nitric oxide is a molecule created by a nitrogen atom bound
to an oxygen atom. It is made in our cells and released into
the surrounding tissues as a gas. The release of nitric oxide
by our cells is termed puffing by scientists to describe the
rising and falling of this gas. The puffing cycle is like a wave
which takes three minutes to rise and three minutes to fall.
The rising phase of the wave is the release of nitric oxide
which sends a signal to our cells to relax. During the falling
phase of the wave nitric oxide dissipates and our cells
become more active. The calm between the rising and
falling we call still point.
--John Beaulieu, 2010, Nitric Oxide and Tuning Forks,
Biosonics, Inc.

What Is Nitric Oxide Flatlining?
• When NO production diminishes or stops completely, this is
known as “flatlining.”
• Typically this means the NO rhythm has been compromised,
often due to unresolved stress or trauma.
• Dysfunctional NO production leads to depressed immune
system function.
• We feel pain or distress.
• Flatlined NO may be the body’s cellular response to
psychological and physiological stress and stressors in the
environment.
(Beaulieu, 1987, 2005, 2009, 2010; Esch & Stefano, 2010).

What Is Nitric Oxide Flatlining?
• Flatlined NO may be the body’s cellular response to
psychological and physiological stress and stressors in the
environment.
• The main cause of flatlining is unresolved stress and
trauma.
• Over time, flatlining leads to pro-inflamation and depressed
immune function which can result in tissue pathology.
(Beaulieu, 2005; Simpkiss, & Devine, 2002; Stefano, &
Magazine, 2001; Tseng, Mazella, Goligorsky, et al.,
2000; Tomasian, Keaney, & Vita, 2000; Wright, 2012).

Consequences of NO Flatlining?
Endogenous nitric oxide flatlining is a state where the cyclic
constitutive NO wave is dormant. This is often experienced as
pain and/or distress. Chronic flatling may lead to a pro-
inflammatory response, triggering release of iNOS which if
unabated, may lead to illness and/or disease states.
(Beaulieu, 2009; Esch, & Stefano, 2010; Fricchione, &
Stefano, 2005).

Major Disease Byproducts of NO
Flatlining
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Autoimmune Disorders
• Motor Neuron Disease
• Cancer
• Erectile Dysfunction
(Beaulieu, 2010, 2005; Erez, Ayelet, et al. 2011; Esch,
Stefano, Fricchione & Benson, 2002).

Major Disease Byproducts of NO Flatlining
• Diabetes
• Depression
• Stroke
• Heart Attack
• Arteriosclerosis
(Kal, Van Wezel, Porsius, et al., 2000; Mantione, Cadet,
Zhu, et al., 2008; McEwen, 2000; Salamon, Kim,
Beaulieu, & Stefano, 2003) ; Seidler, Uckert,
Waldkirch, et al., 2002).

Extreme Nitric Oxide Flatlined
Visual

How Does Nitric Oxide Work?
There are three cell types that are especially controlled by nitric oxide:
immune cells, nervous system cells, and the cells that line blood
vessels, which are called endothelial or vascular cells. The shape of
immune cells changes in the blood stream in response to signals of
inflammation. In the normal state, immune cells are round and roll
along the lining of blood vessels, not sticking to any of the vascular
cells for long. If there is a stress or inflammation present, the cells
begin to flatten and become sticky. To make them un-stick and become
round again, the immune cells and vascular cells both produce a low
level of nitric oxide all the time. As long as they can do this for long
enough, the immune cells un-stick and roll away. If nitric oxide release
is inhibited, the immune cells begin to invade between the vascular
cells and more inflammatory signals are produced. To make matters
worse, the immune and vascular cells make one more attempt to
release nitric oxide to restore the calm state. At higher levels, however,
the nitric oxide itself causes damage to the cells.
--John Beaulieu, 2011
(www.biosonics.com/uploads2011/CyclicNitricOxide.pdf)

How Does Nitric Oxide Work?
NO secretions take place in a two step phase, one ascending,
the other descending: “During the ascending phase of NO
release the basal levels of NO may inhibit cellular activity by
reducing changes in cell conformation by inhibition of actin
polymerization, inactivation of NFkB, inhibition of cell
adhesion, and hyperpolorization of post synaptic membranes.
The descending phase of NO release may promote cell shape
changes by allowing actin polymerization, depolarization, and
NFkB signaling”
--Stefano, Salzet, & Magazine, 2002

Relaxation Response
• A protective mechanism which counteracts stress.
• Physiologic counterpart to the “fight or flight” stress
response.
• Beneficial decreases in metabolism.
• Beneficial decreases in blood pressure.
• Beneficial decreases in breathing rate.
• Beneficial decreases in anxiety.
(Benson, 1983, 1997; Benson & Proctor, 2011; Dusek, Chang,
Zaki, et al., 2006; Dusek, Out, Wohlhueter, et. al., 2008;
Morita, Saito, Ohta, et al., 2005; Nakao, Myers, Fricchione,
et al., 2001; Pillay, 2010, 2011).

Relaxation Response
• Beneficial decreases in heart rate.
• Reductions in psychological distress.
• Reductions in chronic pain.
• Beneficial decreases in sympathetic nervous system
reactivity.
• Beneficial increases in parasympathetic system reactivity.
• Increases in awareness.
(Epel, Blackburn, Lin, et al., 2004; Esch, Fricchione, &
Stefano, 2003, 2005; Fields & Levine, 1984; Fleshner &
Laudenslager, 2004; Halpern & Savary, 1985; McKinney,
Antoni, Kumar, et al., 1997; Willet, 2002).

Relaxation Response
• Nitric oxide spiking.
• Endogenous morphine spiking.
• Increases potential for whole brain synchrony.
• Increases capacity for self and other compassion.
• Beneficial changes in gene activity opposite those associated
with stress.
(Iwanaga & Tsukamoto, 1997; Jacobs, Epel, Lin, et al., 2011;
Kal, Van Wezel, Porsius, et al., 2000; Kim, Koo, Lee, & Han,
2005; Lazar, Bush, Gollub, et al., 2000; Lazar, Kerr,
Wasserman, et. al., 2005; Wright, 2012, 2013).

Benefits of Generating a Relaxation
Response by Spiking Nitric Oxide
• Provides a boost to immune system functioning, helping the
body to ward off sickness and disease
• Significantly lowers blood pressure.
• Measurable improvements to circulatory and vascular
systems.
• Enhances mental clarity.
• Provides boosts to abstract and spatial memory.
(Beary, & Benson, 1974; Benson, 1983, 1997; Benson, &
Proctor, 2011; River, 1998; Salamon, Esch, & Stefano,
2006).

• Enhances ability to concentrate for goal attainment.
• Beneficial increases in sympathetic nervous system
responsiveness with resultant improvements in stress
hardiness.
• Helps to prevent acute stressors from accumulating as
debilitating chronic stress.
• Improvements in mood and overall sense of well being.
(Beaulieu, 2005, 2009, 2010; Fleshner, & Laudenslager, 2004).

• Underlies neuroendocrine release for “Flow” states for Peak
Performance and Peak Experience.
• Neutralizes the harmful effects of over arousal whereby
excess amounts of cortisol and adrenaline can damage to
the body.
• Reduction of chronic pain as well beneficial epigenetic
changes to DNA including reshaping amgydala fear
reactivity.
(Pryor, Zhu, Cadet, et al., 2005; Salamon, Esch, & Stefano,
2006; Salamon, Kim, Beaulieu, & Stefano, 2003).

Relationship Between
Endogenous Cyclic Nitric Oxide Spiking
and Endogenous Morphine Spiking
It has been more than 30 years since morphine was
discovered to be an endogenous signal molecule in the body.
Since then, the word ‘endorphin’ has been adopted as an
abbreviation of ‘endogenous morphine,’ referring to both
morphine peptides and morphine itself. Endogenous opiates
are released via the descending corticospinal tract, allowing
for the body to mediate its own analgesia. Osteopathic
manipulative therapy (OMT) has been found to initiate release
of nitric oxide (NO), endogenous morphine’s second
messenger in the body. Petrozzo et al., 2014
http://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/treatments/pharm
acological/opioids/role-endogenous-morphine-nitric-oxide-
pain-management

Symptoms Nitric Oxide Spiking
Helps Alleviate
• Aches & Pains
• Headache
• Inability to Control your Temper
• Insomnia
• Lack of Energy
• Loss of Appetite

Symptoms Nitric Oxide Spiking
Helps Alleviate
• Low Back Pain
• Low Mood
• Migraine Headache
• Neck Pain
• Overeating
• Undue Worry

Sample Conditions Caused or Aggravated
by Stress Which Are Helped by NO Spiking
• Anxiety
• Asthma
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Chronic Pain
• Constipation
• Diabetes
• Diarrhea
• Heartburn
• High Blood Pressure

Sample Conditions Caused or Aggravated by
Stress Which Are Helped by NO Spiking
• Infertility
• Insomnia
• Loss of Sex Drive
• Obesity
• Skin Problems,
e.g. Hives or Eczema
• Stroke
• Substance Abuse
• Ulcers
• Weight Gain or
Weight Loss

What Is Consciousness?
Although problematic, consciousness has been defined by
some as the state or quality of awareness of an external
object or something within oneself. There is no agreement
within the scholarly or scientific communities as to what
consciousness is or might be or whether it is essential,
luminous, numinous, transcendent or illusory. The
conceptual, theoretical, and paradigmatic disagreements and
arguments about the true nature of consciousness are
vociferous, steadfastly held positions, and often
epistemologically, ontologically and teleologically polar
opposite perspectives.

Sample Areas of Disagreement
• Mutually Exclusive Definitions of Consciousness
• Proof of Existence of Consciousness
• Mutually Exclusive Definitions of Being
• Mind-Body Duality Problem
• Hard Problem of Consciousness

Sample Areas of Disagreement
• Neural Correlates of Consciousness
• Philosophy of Mind Issues
• Existence/Non-Existence of a Quantum Mind
• Solipsism
• Role of the Unconscious in Consciousness
• Existence/Non-Existence of Spirit

Consciousness Controversies
“Why can’t the worlds greatest minds solve the mystery of
consciousness?: Philosophers and scientists have been at
war for decades over the question of what makes human
beings more than complex robots.” Oliver Burkeman, Jan.
21, 2015
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jan/21/-sp-
why-cant-worlds-greatest-minds-solve-mystery-
consciousness

• Dangerous ideas debate with Richard Dawkins and Deepak
Chopra from The Chopra Well:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6C1P1idmfUM
• The War On Consciousness: The Talk That Gave TED
Indigestion by Graham Hancock:
http://www.grahamhancock.com/forum/HancockG6-
TheWarOnConsciousness.php.
• Capriles, E. (2009). Beyond Mind III: Further Steps to a
Metatranspersonal Philosophy and Psychology. (Continuation of the
Discussion on the Three Best Known Transpersonal Paradigms, with a
Focus on Washburn and Grof). International Journal of Transpersonal
Studies, 28(2), 1-145.

• Is There A Scientific “Taboo” Against Parapsychology? Claims
about the "taboo" status of parapsychology lack substance by
Scott McGreal:
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/unique-everybody-
else/201401/is-there-scientific-taboo-against-parapsychology
• Cardeña, E. (2014). A call for an open, informed study of all
aspects of consciousness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,
8(17), 1-4.
• Combs, A. (2009). Consciousness explained better: Towards
an integral understanding of the multifaceted nature of
consciousness. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House.

• Cardeña, E. (2011). On wolverines and epistemological
totalitarianism. J Sci Explor, 25, 539-551.
• Fields, C. (2013). A whole box of Pandoras: Systems,
boundaries and free will in quantum theory. Journal of
Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 25(3),
291-302. DOI: 10.1080/0952813X.2013.782981.
• Paller, K. & Sukuki, S. (2014). The source of
consciousness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(8), 387-
389. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.05.012

Neurophysiological
Consciousness Controversy
At this point, we would like to raise the following philosophical
question: what is the relationship between the mental
concept of subjective experience and the concepts or terms
we use to describe the organization and function of the brain?
This seems to be an important question as our mental
categories are essentially responsible for the interpretation of
physiological findings and thus form our picture of the
mechanisms of the brain.
Hinterberger, Zlabinger, & Blaser, 2014. DOI: 10.3389/
fnhum.2014.00637

What Is Attention?
In the context of human information processing, attention
is the process that, at a given moment, enhances some
information and inhibits other information. The
enhancement enables us to select some information for
further processing, and the inhibition enables us to set
some information aside (Stanford, 2006, p. 103).
http://wwwpsych.stanford.edu/~ashas/Cognition%20Text
book/chapter3.pdf

What Is Attention?
• Orienting to sensory events
• Detecting signals for focused processing
• Maintaining a vigilant or alert state
• Endogenous & exogenous attentional processing in time
and space
• Cocktail party effect
• Motion induced blindness
(Behrmann, Geng, & Shomstein, 2004; Gopher, 1993; Hirst,
1986; Paller & Suzuki, 2014; Stanford, 2006; Styles,
2005).

Attentional Quotation
Humans were never meant to see the world through a lens of
chronic fear or other negative emotions. We were meant to
experience the world directly as it is. We were meant to form
deep connections to other human beings. With attention
training…we can open our hearts to experience the fullness of
our senses, and reconnect with forgotten parts of ourselves.
We can experience moments of unity and transcendence and
find the world has been reenchanted. It will be a watershed
moment in human evolution when we are able to pay
attention to how we pay attention, control our attention, and
take personal responsibility for the creation of our own
realities.
--Fehmi and Robbins 2007, p. 8

Styles of Attention
• According to Dr. Les Fehmi of the Princeton Biofeedback
Centre there are four main types of attention:
• Diffuse
• Narrow
• Objective
• Immersed
Fehmi & Robbins, 2007, p. 46-47

Whole Brain Synchrony
Viewed as a Way of Paying Attention
• Experience of whole brain synchronization enhances healthy
well being.
• Open Focus is one way to achieve whole brain synchrony
without equipment.
• Prolonged and excessive stress can negatively impact
almost every aspect of your life.
• Maintaining a narrow focused attentional style for long
periods often leads to chronic stress and pain, and left
unattended to, turns into disease states.
• Developing attentional flexibility gives you the capacity to
enter a beneficial homeostatic state of whole brain
synchronization volitionally.

Whole Brain Synchrony
• Parts of brain begin to work together harmoniously.
• Brain resonance where neurons vibrate at the same
frequency.
• Neural pathways tend to fire more rapidly.
• Brainwave patterns are “in phase” or in synchronized
• Also known as “Whole Head Synchrony” or “Whole Brain
Functioning” or “Hemispheric Synchronization” or “Whole
Brain Synchronization” (Fehmi & Robbins, 2007).
(Lutz, Lachaux, Martinerie, & Varela, 2002; Lutz, Greischar,
Rawlings, et al., 2004)

Why Whole Brain Synchrony
is a Desired and Sought After State
• Increased Creativity
• Increased Insight
• Increased Intuition
• Increased Relaxation Response
• Increased Accelerated Learning Abilities
• Increased Parasympathetic Nervous System Reactivity
(Buzsaki, 2006; Damasio, 1990; Fujisawa, & Busaki, 2011;
Glaser, Brind, Vogelman, et al., 1992; Gold, 1999; Goleman,
1988; Gruzelier, & Egner, 2005; Gruzelier, Egner, & Vernon,
2006).

Whole Brain Synchrony as a
Desired and Sought After State
• Increased Mental Clarity.
• Increased Ability to Problem Solve.
• Increased Self Compassion.
• Increased Other Compassion.
• Increased Empathy.
• Decreased Sympathetic Nervous System Reactivity.
(Haig, De Pascalis & Gordon, 1999; Hammond, 2000; Hanajima,
Terao, Hamada, et al., 2009; Hinterberger, Zlabinger, &
Blaser, 2014; Hutchison, 1996; Jacobs, Epel, Lin, et al.,
2011).

Elements of Peak Performance
• State where individual performs to the maximum of her
ability.
• Enhanced level of self awareness.
• High levels of confidence and focused concentration upon
task completion.
• Accomplishment is effortless.
• Individual experiences a “flow” state or being “in the zone of
excellence.”
(Belluscio, M., Mizuseki, K., Schmidt, et al., 2012; Brown, &
Gerbarg, 2005; Craqq, 2006; Csikszentmihalyi, 1991,
1997; Draganski, Gaser, Kempermann, et al., 2006;
Pillay, 2010; 2011 ).

Elements of Peak Experience
• Transpersonal and ecstatic state.
• Sense of Unity, Oneness and Awe.
• Sense of interconnectedness.
• Time perception may be altered to witness time elongation,
time quickening and/or timelessness.
(Barušs, van Lier, & Ali, 2014; Bird, B., Newton, Sheer, & Ford,
1978a&b; Damasio, 1999; Farrer, & Frith, 2002; Fisher,
1971, 1973).

Elements of Peak Experience
• Altered State of Consciousness (ASC).
• Therapeutic increases in creativity, compassion for self and
others, and personal locus of control (stress reduction).
• Self actualization state or individuation (Maslow Level 5).
• Personal growth, intrinsic meaning and purpose.
(Gelhorn, 1970; Gendlin, 1981; Genz, 1999; Goodman, &
Nauwald, 2003; Goodman, 1990; Grof, & Grof, 2010;
Lilly, 1977; Maslow, 1971; Momen, 1984; Monroe, 1992;
Palmer, 1998).

Sample Methods for Spiking Nitric Oxide
• Ritual Body Postures
• Humming
• Drumming
• Dietary Supplements
• Medications, e.g. Viagra, Ciallis, Levetra
• Aromatherapy
• Meditation
• Neurofeedback
(Beaulieu, 2005; Dusek, Chang, Zaki, et al., 2006; Dusek,
Hibberd, Buczynski, et al., 2008; Dusek, Otu,
Wohlhueter, et al., 2008; Goodman, 1990; Goodman &
Nauwald, 2003; Gore, 1995; Maniscalco, Sofia, Weitzberg
et al., 2004; Tervaniemi, IIvonen, Karma, et al., 1997).

Sample Methods for Spiking Nitric Oxide
• Foods
• Yoga
• Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy (OMT)
• Open Focus
• Music Therapy
• Exercise
• Sunlight
(Banth & Arderbil, 2015; Fehmi & Robbins, 2007; Liu,
Fernandez, Lang, et al., 2013; McKinney, Tims, Kumar, &
Kumar, 1997; Mullooly, Levin, & Feldman, 1988; Narin,
Pinar, Erbas, et al., 2003; Petrozzo, Mohr, Mantione, &
Goldstein, 2014; Salamon, Kim, Beaulieu, & Stefano, 2003;
Women’s Health Encyclopedia, 2012).

Quotation
BioSonic research conducted at Cell Dynamics, Inc.
demonstrates the release of Nitric Oxide (NO) from various
tissue sources. Utilizing an amperometric detection system,
allowing only nitric oxide to generate an upward deflection, we
measure real-time NO release from living cells and demonstrate
that the use the BioSonic Otto™ (128cps), OM Tuner™
(136.1cps) and Body Tuners™ (C256 & G384) tuning forks
have the ability to release NO well above baseline pulsatile
levels. The release of NO is visualized as a large peak of pure
nitric oxide immediately following exposure of these tissues to
the vibration/ sound of the tuning forks. Once NO is released it
follows a well characterized signaling cascade, exhibiting
established properties of NO.
--John Beaulieu, 2009, p. 1

Sample Methods for Spiking Nitric
Oxide
• Biosonic Tuning Fork Series:
• Otto 128
• Otto 64
• Otto 32
• OM Tuner
• C & G Body Tuners
• Fibronacci Series
(Beaulieu, 1987, 2005, 2009, 2010; Biosonics, Inc., 2010).

Comparison of Otto Tuning Forks
128 Hz and 64 Hz

Biosonics OM Tuning Fork
136.1 Hz
The Swiss scientist Hans Cousto, author of the Cosmic Octave,
discovered how to convert planetary cycles into musical
pitches. Using his system the sa corresponds to the sound of
one Earth year of the time it takes the earth to circle the Sun.
To arrive at the frequency of 136.1 Hz, an earth year is
reduced to a second (frequencies are measured in cycles per
second). An earth year is 365.242 days and an earth day is
86,400 seconds. When the days are multiplies by seconds the
answer will be 315,567,925.9747 seconds equal one earth
year. To arrive at an audible sound, 315,567,925.9747
seconds are divided into one (year) and then raised 32
octaves. The result will be the audible tone of answer 32 times
the result will be 136.1 Hz. The cosmic note OM.
(http://www.stressfreenow.info/products/index.php?)

136.1 Hz

136.1 HZ
• Achieve a state of deep relaxation in seconds with the
primordial vibrations of “Om”.
• Physically tune your body to the Om vibration and enter a
state of balanced wholeness ideal for healing and higher
consciousness.
• Helps center the body and mind when placed on the rib heads,
thoracic vertebra, sternum, sacrum and illiums.
• Helps meditators and yoga practitioners achieve desired states
effortlessly.
(http://www.stressfreenow.info/products/index.php?main_page
=product_info&cPath=1&products_id=2)

Flatlining – Spiking Pathways
Nitric Oxide
Flatlining
Stress and
Distress
Chronic Pain
Nitric Oxide
Spiking
Stress
Reduction
Pain Dissolves
Homeostatasis
Allostasis
Healing

Stress Interaction – Part 1
Category of Phenomena Distress Eustress
Adrenaline Yes Depends
Allostasis No Yes
Allostatic Load Increased Diminished
Cortisol Yes Diminished
Dopamine Yes Depends
Endogenous Morphine Yes Depends
GABA Diminished Increased
Grief Yes No

Stress Interaction – Part 2
Category of Phenomena Distress Eustress
Grief Recovery No Yes
Homeostasis No Yes
HPA Axis Diminished Increased
Immune Response Increased Depends
Nitric Oxide Flatlined Spiked
Nor Adrenaline No Depends
Oxytocin Depends Depends
SAM Axis Increased Diminished
Serotonin Diminished Increased

Nitric Oxide Interaction – Part 1
Category of Phenomena Flatlining Spiking
Adrenaline Yes Diminished
Allostatic Load Increased Diminished
Cortisol Yes Diminished
Distress Yes No
Dopamine Yes Implicit
Endogenous Morphine Yes Implicit
GABA Diminished Increased
Grief Yes No

Nitric Oxide Interaction – Part 2
Category of Phenomena Flatlining Spiking
Grief Recovery No Yes
Homeostasis No Yes (Increased)
HPA Axis Diminished Increased
Nor Adrenaline Increased Diminished
Oxytocin Depends Depends
SAM Axis Increased Diminished
Serotonin Diminished Yes
Immune Response Increased Depends

Human Organization
Stress Balancing System
Homeostatic
Balance
Dynamic Balance Imbalance
Eustress Acute Stress Chronic Stress
Homeostasis Allostasis Distress
Provides Pathways
for Integrative and
Holistic Healing
Provides Pathways
for Integrative and
Holistic Healing
Provides Pathways
for Disease States
and Illness
Adapted from Stefano, Fricchiconne, and Esch (2006); Stefano et al. (2005).

Ergotropic
Pathway
Tropotropic
Pathway
Hyperarousal
Hyper-
Stimulatory
Levels of
Statebound
Experience
Hypoarousal
Hypo-Stimulatory
Beta Brainwave
State
Routine Activity
Ordinary Waking
Consciousness
Beta
Brainwave
State
Hi Beta
Brainwave
State
Excitement
Daydreaming/Rel
axation Hypnotic
Trance
Alpha
Brainwave
State
High Beta Low
Gamma
Brainwave
State
Anxiety/Mania
Hypnopompic/
Hypnogogic
Imagery-Twilight
State
Theta
Brainwave
State
Unknown
Brainwave
State
Mystical
Experience
Ecstatic Trance
Bidirectionality
Abreaction
Mystical
Experience
Deep Trance or
Samadhi
Delta
Brainwave
State
Statebound Experience: Comparison of
Ergotropic and Tropotropic Pathways
Adapted from Fisher (1971, 1973, 1975); Momen (1984).

State Bound Experiential Qualities
NO
Flatlining
NO
Spiking
Fully
Associated
Mental
Clarity
Emotional
Clarity
Euphoria Mild
Delirium
Transpersonal
Transcendent
Experience
Sense of Unity
Grief/
Mourning/
Bereavement
Yes No Yes No No No No No
Stress Yes No Yes No No No No No
Healing No Yes Yes Yes Yes Possible Possible Possible
Dopamine
Spike
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Oxytocin
Spike
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Serotonin
Spike
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Possible
Endorphin
Spike
No Yes Depends Yes Yes Yes Yes Possible
Attention:
Open Focus
Global
No Yes Depends Yes Yes Possible Possible Possible
Pain Yes No Yes No No No No No
Fear/Anxiety Yes No Yes No No No No No
Lucid
Dream
State
Unknown Unknown Depends Yes Depends Unknown Unknown Unknown

Statebound Experience: SAM AXIS and
HPA AXIS Relationships
Ergotropic Pathway Tropotropic Pathway
Hyperarousal
Hyper-Stimulatory
Hypoarousal
Hypo-Stimulatory
Grief Response:
Distress, Pain, Anxiety,
Fear Increases
Relaxation Response/Eustress:
Grief, Pain, Anxiety, Fear
Dissolves
SAM AXIS Reactivity
Increases
HPA AXIS Reactivity Increases
NO Flatlining:
Increased Cortisol;
Decreased Dopamine/Serotonin
NO Spiking/Endogenous
Morphine Release
Allostatic Loads Increase Allostasis/Homeostasis

Comparative Still Point Induction Techniques
“Chaotic Attractor”
Technique Induces
Still Point
Rate of
Induction
Method Effects/Results
Biosonic Otto
128Hz, 64Hz,
32Hz tuning fork
Yes Immediate Kinesthetic Spikes NO cycle; boosts to immune function; spikes
endogenous morphine; eliminates NO flatlining.
Biosonic Otto
128Hz, 64Hz,
32Hz tuning fork
Yes Immediate Auditory
Sound Waves
Spikes NO cycle; eliminates NO flatlining; boosts to immune
function; spikes endogenous morphine.
Open Focus
Technique
Yes Over Time as
Proficiency is
Achieved
Auditory
Verbal
Objectless awareness in all sensory modalities, attending
simultaneous to background and foreground globally; extreme
mental clarity.
Brain Pattern
Interrupt
Technique
Yes Over Time as
Proficiency is
Achieved
Olfactory
Memory
Resultant emotional and physical release phenomena disrupt
negative valance memory patterns. Shift to positive energy
valance can occur instantaneously or over time with repetition.
Gamma
Brainwave
Holosync
Yes Over Time as
Proficiency is
Achieved
Auditory
Sound Waves
Attentional shift to states of self compassion and compassion
for others: Sense of unity, oneness of being, transcendence;
enhanced sense of Being.
Standard
Hypnosis
Yes After Trance
Induction
Verbal Resultant reframing of negative memories into new behavioral
flexibility; extinguishment of phobias or unwanted habits.
Ericksonian
Hypnosis
Yes After Trance
Induction
Verbal
Auditory
Use of nonspecific and indirect metaphors results in reframe of
negative memories into new behavioral patterns;
extinguishment of unwanted behaviors; installation of new and
desired behaviors and habits.
Halpern
Music
Yes Repeated
Listening
Auditory
Music
Calming of sympathetic nervous system; boost to
parasympathetic nervous system; state of relaxed reverie.
Relaxation response induced.

Technique Induces
Still
Point
Rate of
Induction
Meditation Yes Over Time as
Proficiency is
Achieved
Chant, Mantra,
or Silence
Long-term meditators report heightened mental and
emotional clarity, sense of oneness, unity of Being,
extreme states of compassion and transcendence.
Flotation Tank Yes Over Time as
Proficiency is
Achieved
Weight-
lessness
Systemic boost to HPA axis and simultaneous
calming of SAM axis; expansive awareness of space,
silence, and timelessness.
Anechoic
Chamber
Yes Over Time as
Proficiency is
Achieved
Complete
Silence
Long term users report awareness of nervous system
sounds and induction of relaxation response
phenomena.
Focusing Yes After Repeated
Use
Bodily Felt
Sense/Verbal
Instructions
Shift in Awareness Caused by consciously and
conscientiously connecting with bodily Felt Sense
Alternate Nostril
Breathing
Yes Immediate Modulation of
Breath
Immediate state change caused by deep
diaphragmatic breathing.
Biofeedback Yes Immediate Physiological
Body Feedback
Increased awareness and ability to modulate aspects
of autonomic functions; with practice clients learn to
volitionally make beneficial autonomic changes
without equipment.
Neurofeedback Yes Immediate Brainwave
Feedback
Increased awareness of brainwave patterns
connected to thoughts; with practice clients learn to
flexibly modulate brain wave patterns and
volitionally modify internal processes without
equipment.
Holotrophic
Breathwork
Breath
Wide range of breath techniques engenders
rebirthing effect; including increased awareness of
pre-natal and post-natal birth experiences.

Technique Induces
Still Point
Rate of
Induction
Meditation Yes Over Time as
Proficiency is
Achieved
Chant, Mantra,
or Silence
Long-term meditators report heightened mental and
emotional clarity, sense of oneness, unity of Being,
extreme states of compassion and transcendence.
Flotation Tank Yes Over Time as
Proficiency is
Achieved
Weight-
lessness
Systemic boost to HPA axis and simultaneous
calming of SAM axis; expansive awareness of
space, silence, and timelessness.
Anechoic
Chamber
Yes Over Time as
Proficiency is
Achieved
Complete
Silence
Long term users report awareness of nervous system
sounds and induction of relaxation response
phenomena.
Focusing Yes After Repeated
Use
Bodily Felt
Sense/Verbal
Instructions
Shift in Awareness Caused by consciously and
conscientiously connecting with bodily Felt Sense
Alternate Nostril
Breathing
Breath
Immediate state change caused by deep
diaphragmatic breathing.
Biofeedback Yes Immediate Physiological
Body Feedback
Increased awareness and ability to modulate aspects
of autonomic functions; with practice clients learn
to volitionally make beneficial autonomic changes
without equipment.
Neurofeedback Yes Immediate Brainwave
Feedback
Increased awareness of brainwave patterns
connected to thoughts; with practice clients learn to
flexibly modulate brain wave patterns and
volitionally modify internal processes without
equipment.
Holotrophic
Breathwork
Breath
Wide range of breath techniques engenders
rebirthing effect; including increased awareness of
pre-natal and post-natal birth experiences.

Stress-Anxiety-Physical Pain Scale
Rate your current state on a scale from “0” to “10”
“0” you feel great, have no pain, have no distress
“10” you have unbearable pain and are in distress
Category Stress Anxiety Physical
Pain
Mental
Clarity
Before
After

Benefits of Epigenetic Alterations
of Mind-Body Equation
Even if we have been set on high-reactive mode for decades
or a lifetime, we can still dial it down. We can respond to life’s
inevitable stressors more appropriately and shift away from
an overactive inflammatory response. We can become
neurobiologically resilient. We can turn bad epigenetics into
good epigenetics and rescue ourselves. We have the capacity,
within ourselves, to create better health. We might call this
brave undertaking ‘the neurobiology of awakening’
(Nakazawa, 2015).
http://aeon.co/magazine/psychology/how-childhood-
biography-shapes-adult-biology/

Benefits of Epigenetic Alterations
of Mind-Body Equation
Today, scientists recognise a range of promising approaches to
help create new neurons (known as neurogenesis), make new
synaptic connections between those neurons (known as
synaptogenesis), promote new patterns of thoughts and
reactions, bring underconnected areas of the brain back online –
and reset our stress response so that we decrease the
inflammation that makes us ill (Nakazawa, 2015).
http://aeon.co/magazine/psychology/how-childhood-biography-
shapes-adult-biology/

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Barušs, I., van Lier, C., & Ali, D. (2014). Alterations of
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Nitric Oxide Spiking and Consciousness
A Presentation
by
Robert Wright, Jr., Ph.D, COFT
Consciousness Society Conference
Yale University
New Haven, CT
June 5, 2015

Although nitric oxide (NO) has been researched
intensively by the scientific community, a little
known aspect is that NO spiking underlies shifts in
Consciousness. Since ancient times, men and
women have sought to achieve what we refer to as
altered states of consciousness (ASC) to access,
explore, and experience multiple realms of
awareness and statebound knowledge including
Stillpoints, self and other compassion, as well as
states of illumination, transcendence, “Oneness” or
“Unity.”

A little studied feature of nitric oxide spiking is that
it occurs co-terminously with whole brain
synchronous states and whenever a Relaxation
Response is generated. Although typically
measured quantitatively, NO can also be
experienced qualitatively, as bodily feltsense
phenomena. The Biosonic Otto 128 Hertz
kinesthetic tuning fork has demonstrated its ability
to consistently spike nitric oxide, subsequently
creating a Relaxation Response and corresponding
potentials for Whole Brain Synchrony.

In this presentation, Dr. Wright will share his views
on how tuning forks and other qualitative methods
work to directly and indirectly spike NO for healthy
well being. Learn how you can become more
qualitatively aware of ASC shifts in your own
Consciousness and flexibly modify your attentional
focus via tuning into your bodily feltsense by
achieving a consistently beneficial elevated
Relaxation Response that also dissolves stress,
anxiety and chronic pain.

Robert Wright, Jr., Ph.D., COFT

www.StressFreeNow.info
Robert Wright, Jr., Ph.D., COFT is an author, speaker, and
Stress Management Wellness Coach. His passionate goal is
translating the significance and implications of scholarly
stress and nitric oxide spiking research into language and
practical techniques which can improve the healthy well-
being of the general public.
Dr. Wright's most recent book is entitled 7 Tips for
Avoiding Stress burnout for Busy Entrepreneurs and he is
the author of the forthcoming book Nitric Oxide Spiking:
Your Key to Well Being. You can learn more about how to
reduce your stress by listening to his popular podcast
series at www.StressFreeNow.info/category/podcasts/

Consciousness Society Conference Presentation: Nitric Oxide Spiking and Consciousness

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