CCD and CMOS Image Sensor
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CCD and CMOS Image Sensor
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CCD and CMOS Image Sensor
- 1. IMAGE SENSOR Team 5: Minh Nguyen & Linh Hoang Tuan Advisor: Dr. Loan Pham Nguyen Ha Noi, 3rd November 2015 Hanoi University of Science and Technology School of Electronics and Telecommunications
- 2. CONTENTS 2 I Introduction II CMOS Image Sensor III CCD Image Sensor IV Summary
- 3. I. INTRODUCTION 3 SLR Camera & Films DSLR Camera & Image Sensor Source: Internet
- 4. I. INTRODUCTION The most popular image sensors types: CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) CCD (Charge Coupled Device) 4 Brands: Toshiba, Fujifilm, Nikon, Kodak Source: Internet Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor: chất bán dẫn kim loại ôxit bù
- 5. II. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR Source: Internet 5 CMOS’s Architecture: 2 Technologies of CMOS Image Sensor
- 6. II. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR Source: Internet 6 Operation in Photodiode & Circuit 1 Signal is integrated under PG 2 Floating diffusion (FD) is reset FD Voltage sampled onto CR 3 Charge is transferred to FD 4 Voltage on FD sampled onto CS 5 Pixel data is driven onto differential horizontal bus
- 7. II. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR Source: Internet 7
- 8. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR Source: Internet 8 • CCD = Charge Coupled Device • converting light into electric charge • a device for the movement of electrical charge • shifting the signals between stages one at a time Charge Coupled Device: Linh kiện tích điện kép
- 9. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR Source: Internet 9 George E. Smith and Willard Boyle, 2009 • 1969, Geoge Smith & Williard Boyle, the first CCD • 1971, M.Tompsett, capturing images with simple linear devices • 1975, Steven Sasson, the first digital camera using CCD • Since 1983, collecting images in astronomy and the satellite’s camera • 2009, Geoge Smith & Williard Boyle, Nobel Prize for Physics Astronomy: thiên văn học; Satellite: vệ tinh
- 10. Source: Internet 10 Silicon needs 1.2 eV to release (e) from atomic lattice Visible light has 1.6 to 3.4 eV available III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR Reverse Biased PN Photo Diode
- 11. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR Source: Internet 11 Principle of Operation of CCD Image Sensor 1 32 Vertical shift register: thanh ghi dịch hàng dọc; Potential Well: giếng thế; Substrate: chất nền
- 12. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR Source: Internet 12 Principle of Operation of CCD Image Sensor Serial shift register: thanh ghi dịch theo chuỗi
- 13. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR Source: Internet 13 Principle of Operation of CCD Image Sensor Photodiode Light strikes the chip A small electrical charge in each photo sensor Voltage one pixel Digital Signal ADC
- 14. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR Source: Internet 14 ROW COLUMN Electrons shifted down by carefully timed voltages on the CCD chip electrodes Electrons shifted out towards amplifier and ADC Principle of Operation of CCD Image Sensor
- 15. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR Source: Internet 15 The image processor takes the information from each CCD. The true color pixels of the image is made by averaging the values from the surrounding CCD’s 2D array
- 16. IV. SUMMARY CCD Technology Virtue: Low noise Space Applications Vice: • High power • Slow speed • Non-standard manufacture CMOS Technology Virtue: • Low power • Fast Speed • “Easy” manufacture Vice: High Noise Source: Internet 16
- 17. Photographic Cameras IV. SUMMARY CCD and CMOS have a wide range of applications: Source: Internet 17 CCTV Cameras Video Cameras Photocopiers Bar-code Readers
Notas del editor
- Thêm hình ảnh minh họa
- Thêm hình ảnh minh họa
- 1. A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a device for the movement of electrical charge, usually from within the device to an area where the charge can be manipulated, for example conversion into a digital value. 2. This is achieved by "shifting" the signals between stages within the device one at a time.
- History of CMOS TECHNOLOGY In 2009 they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics,[13] for their invention of the CCD concept.
- 1. A photodiode is a PN junction 2. When a photon of sufficient energy strikes the diode, it excites an electron, thereby creating a mobile electron and a positively charged hole.
- 3 photodiode 3 storage cell the positively charged electrode -------- Silicon = base material Silicon Dioxide = coating material Polysilicon = top layer material
- -> Let’s talk clearly about the princilpe
- Move ROW 0 into serial shift register { { Move serial shift column 0 into Amlifier Read out the analogue Voltage from amplifier into ADC Store Digital value in Memory for this R0 C0 position Serially shift all columns in serial shift register Column 4 to 3, 3 to 2, 2 to 1, 1 to 0 -> repeat process until all columns have been read } Move every ROW 1 into ROW 0, ROW 4 to 3, 3 to 2, 2 to 1 Repeat the serial shift register read out } -> repeat until every ROW has been shifted down to ROW 0 and shifted out through the serial shift register
- Each CCD represents one pixel in an image. A 2D array of CCD’s produces an entire image (2 Green because the human eye is more sensitive to slight variations of green than any other color) The image processor takes the information from each CCD and makes a true color pixels of the image by averaging the values from the surrounding CCD’s
- Manufacture: CCD requires separate production lines while could use chip production line, conventional circuit board to produce CMOS. Summary: Yet between 2000 people began to pay more attention to the CMOS sensor chip appearing at 3.2 million pixels and up to early 2002 the introduction of CMOS 6 million pixels made public sex technology amazement, admiration.