Tugas Mata Kuliah Pemetaan Lanjut dari Dr. Ir. Priyono Nugroho, MS Email ke yanto_budisusanto@yahoo.com atau yanto_b@geodesy.its.ac.id untuk permintaan file

1. suported by
yanto budisusanto
wahyu martha mutiarasari

5.  3D scaning face area with 3600
 Easy taking an object
 Knowledge the location is necessary
 Documention a long the road can be sorounding
with 3600
 GPS, Inner Box – accuracy in cm
 Capture 3600 continuously with a thausand data
each secon
 MMS is an effectife and reliable method
 While the system collect data the driver can focus
following the normal traffic flow
 Regristrasi combines imagery and laser scene
data

7.  The idea was to provide an accurate and
economical means of collecting spatial
data.
 Conventional methods were too expensive
and time consuming.

8. A mobile mapping system can be defined
as "a moving platform, upon which multiple
sensor/measurement systems have been
integrated to provide three-dimensional
near-continuous positioning of both the
platform and simultaneously collected geo-
spatial data, with no or limited ground
control using single or multiple GPS base
stations" [Grejner-Brzezinska, 2002].

9.  Large Format Photo
 Denmark Site
 Check The Crew
 Check The Weather
 Stored Unit
 Aerial Camera
 Keep The Camera On The Right Position
 Orthophoto Produk like Google Earth
 4 Camera – each produces single colour
CMYK
 High Resolution Image

10. Three basic measurement components
comprise most MMS:
 global positioning system (GPS),
 inertial measurement unit (IMU) or other
form of dead-reckoning sensor, and
 an image capture system

11. The enhancements in computers and computer
processing, MMS has undergone significant
changes during the decade that it has been
utilized in production.
For example in the first generation of the
GPSVanTM, wheel sensors (odometers) and
gyros were used to determine
heading, attitude, and distance.
Today, these systems have been updated with
IMU.

12. a mobile mapping system that utilizes
multiple sensors is “the product of
integrating the concepts of kinematic
geodesy and digital photogrammetry, to
acquire, store, and process, measurable
quantities that sufficiently describe spatial
and/or physical characteristics of a part of
the Earth’s surface” [Mostafa and
Schwarz, 2001].

13.  While a MMS is often associated with data capture
strategies using vans, in reality it involves any
scenario where the sensors are in motion.
 This includes, in part, vans, airplanes, satellites
and humans walking from place to place. Lidar
(Light Detection And Ranging), or laser altimetry, is
an example mobile mapping system where the
image capture involves range measurements
instead of conventional imagery.
 Other image capture techniques, such as
hyperspectral, promise to expand the applications
of mobile systems

14. Land vehicle navigation has been around for
some time. Numerous developments have
occurred in
• Automatic Vehicle Location and Navigation
(AVLN)
• Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS)
• Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
• Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS)

16. GPS Autonomous ITS
Satellites
 Self contained
 Incoming signal for positioning only
 Onboard electronic chart system
 No dedicated dispatch or control center
 No communication link
 No dedicated traffic or weather information
GPS antenna
Electronic chart
GPS receiver
[Krakiwsky, 1993]

17. Fleet Management ITS
GPS Satellites
Electronic Chart System
Dispatching Center
 Fleets of multiple vehicle
 Electronic chart system in the dispatching center.
 One or two way communication with dispatcher.
Vehicles
 On-board positioning sensors.
 Position polling and smart reporting.
[Krakiwsky, 1993]

18.  Multiple vehicles
 Route advice and guidance
for traffic avoidance
Advisory ITS
 Two-way communication link GPS Satellites
 On-line traffic and
weather information
 Centralized or decentralized structure
 Steering (control) is possible
Communications
part of the beacon
traffic-dependent
route recommendation city map
Positioning
Traffic
Navigation guidance
center
Travel time
measurement
[Krakiwsky, 1993]

19. Inventory ITS
GPS Satellites
 Usually autonomous vehicles involved
 Time tagging of information
 Coordinate tagging of information
 Communication link (possible)
 Onboard map database
 Taxation and route surveys
 Resource inventory
Digital or video cameras
for data collection GPS receiver
Onboard
data logger
& map display
[Krakiwsky, 1993]

20.  The VISAT van is designed to achieve high
accuracy survey data collection in an
operational environment with speeds up to 60
km/hr.
 The system is comprised of
• a Honeywell Laser-Ref III strapdown inertial
measurement system,
• two Ashteck Z12 GPS receivers,
• a cluster of 8 video cameras,
• an anti-braking-system (ABS) pick-up,
• a Super Video Home System (SVHS), and
• an image control unit.

21. El-Sheimy and Schwarz [1998-99] identify the primary
and secondary functions of the components in table 2.

23.  Not all MMS utilize the same number or
types of sensors.
 For example, Lambda Tech2 operates the
GPSVisionTM, which utilizes :
• a Trimble 7400 dual frequency GPS receiver,
• a Litton LN-200 INS, and
• two progressive CCD cameras (one color and one
black/white).

25.  Advanced mobile mapping system
consists of four basic parts within an
operational environment.
• Aan imaging component,
• A georeferencing component, and
• A photogrammetric measurement component.
• They are brought together through a calibration
component.

26.  System calibration, which is performed after the system is
completely assembled, consisting of
• GPS/INS lever arm – this is the distance between the phase center of the
GPS antenna and the center of the INS body frame.
• Camera calibration.
• INS/camera boresight calibration, which is the distance offset and
angular relationship of the INS and camera to the body frame.
 GPS/INS/image data collection, which comprises
• GPS/INS/camera time synchronization.
• Data logging.
• Image compression and storage
 GPS/INS post processing involving the georeferencing of the
time tagged images by computing the six exterior orientation
parameters
 Image processing of the images to determine the location of
the georeferenced features of interest within the imagery.

27.  The navigation component consists of two basic
systems:
GPS and the IMU.
 The primary function of the GPS receiver is
• to provide position information for the imaging sensor at the
instant of measurement (exposure),
 The GPS receivers are used in a differential mode with
one receiver 3 located on the vehicle and one receiver
set up over a known control point in the survey area.
 For a more robust solution, two base stations can be
occupied simultaneously with GPS. This will yield two
positions for the GPS roving receiver and helps in
quality control of the MMS.
 Carrier phase is generally measured because it
provides a much higher accuracy than pseudorange
measurements.

28.  There are numerous benefits that can accrue from
MMS. Grejner-Brzezinska [2001a] states that
“multisensor systems provide complementary, fast,
accurate, faultresistant, and cost-effective data that
can be used in a variety of mapping tools”.
 Other benefits include [Grejner-Brzezinska, 2001a;
2001b]
• A cost savings in data collection of around 10:1.
• A reduction of field trips at again a 10:1 ratio.
• Proactive asset management.
• Improved service by reducing turn around time.
• Increased productivity through automation.
• Optimizing data flow.

29.  Mobile mapping is making a significant
impact in spatial and attribute data
collection.
 Future technological developments and a
better understanding of the interchange
between different sensors will make MMS
a more robust and dynamic real time
mapping and information management
system.