Power grids form the central critical infrastruc- ture in all developed economies. Disruptions of power supply can cause major effects on the economy and the livelihood of citizens. At the same time, power grids are being targeted by sophisticated cyber attacks. To counter these threats, we pro- pose a domain-specific language and a repository to represent power grids and related IT components that control the power grid. We apply our tool to a standard example used in the literature to assess its expressiveness.

1. Yuning Jiang, Manfred Jeusfeld, Yacine Atif, Jianguo Ding
School of Informatics, University of Skövde,
Christoffer Brax, Eva Nero
Combitech AB,
Contact: yuning.jiang@his.se
A Language and Repository
for Cyber Security
of Smart Grids
IEEE EDOC 2018
10.16~18
Stockholm, Sweden
!1
ELVIRA Project: his.se/elvira
License: CC BY 4.0A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

2. OUTLINE
• Motivation
• Research Question
• Smart Grid Taxonomy
• Domain Specific Language
• Repository Services
• Conclusion
2A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

3. MOTIVATION
• Enterprise Modelling & Cybersecurity of Smart Grid
BUS
(cf ArchiMate)
3A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

4. RESEARCH QUESTION & OBJECTIVES
• How to model smart grids for cyber-security?
• Objectives:
✓ Taxonomy of smart-grid components.
✓ Power and data connections representation.
✓ Security analysis of smart grid models.
4A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

5. SMART GRID TAXONOMY
• Three levels:
✓ Top level
✓ Physical components
✓ Cyber components
5A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

6. SMART GRID TAXONOMY: TOP LEVEL
6
(cf Telos)
A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

7. SMART GRID TAXONOMY: PHYSICAL COMPONENTS
7A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

8. SMART GRID TAXONOMY: CYBER COMPONENTS
8A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

9. DOMAIN SPECIFIC LANGUAGE
• Example: power station represented as instance of the taxonomy.
9
Taxonomy
Physical
Components
Instances
A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

10. DOMAIN SPECIFIC LANGUAGE
• Example: power station represented as instance of the taxonomy.
10
Taxonomy
Instances
A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

11. DOMAIN SPECIFIC LANGUAGE
• Example: the IEEE 9-bus model with IT components.
11
Power Station 1
Wide Area Network 1
Control Centre 1
A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

12. DOMAIN SPECIFIC LANGUAGE
• Static analysis by queries (example)
12
Unmonitored in QueryClass isA PowergridComponent with
constraint
notmon : $ not exists sp/ApplicationSoftware
sc/ScadaServer rt/RTU m/MTU stat/AnyStation
(sc subcomponent sp) and
(rt dataflow sp) and (m dataflow sp) and
(m dataconnection rt) and(rt dataconnection this) and
(stat subcomponent this) and (stat subcomponent rt)
and
(stat subcomponent m) $
end
Taxonomy and smart grid models are stored in the same repository; we thus can query
smart grid models to analyze it; implemented with ConceptBase system
(conceptbase.cc)
Further analysis is investigated in the other work packages, in particular the dynamic
analysis via simulators.
A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

13. REPOSITORY SERVICES
13
(See “Unmonitored Query” in the paper)
XML export
format
A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

14. CONCLUSION
14
• A extensible taxonomy of smart grid components that can
be used as a domain-specific language;
• Next work focuses on representing vulnerabilities and
threats, and developing smart grid generators based on
the repository.
• The repository serves as a database of smart grid models
analysed by external tools;
A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm

15. Thanks for your attention.”“
Contact: yuning.jiang@his.se
ELVIRA Project: his.se/elvira
Sources of the taxonomy and models:
http://conceptbase.sourceforge.net/elvirarep/
Yuning Jiang
A Language and Repository for Cyber Security of Smart Grids__Yuning Jiang__EDOC’18_Stockholm 15