This document discusses wearable biosensors and provides examples of a ring sensor and smart shirt. It describes how a ring sensor can continuously monitor heart rate and oxygen saturation through photoplethysmography and how a smart shirt can integrate sensors to monitor vital signs. Wearable biosensors have components including a biological sensing element, transducer, and electronic devices. They enable remote health monitoring and have applications in healthcare, fitness, and hazardous occupations.

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2.  Introduction
 Need of wearable biosensors
 What is a biosensor ?
 Components of biosensor
 Wearable biosensors: -
 1. Ring sensor
 2. Smart shirt
 Conclusion
 References
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3.  Biosensor is an analytical device, which converts a
biological response into electrical signal.
 Wearable monitoring devices that allow continuous
monitoring of physiological signals.
 They rely on wireless sensors enclosed in items that can
be worn, such as ring or shirt.
 The data sets are recorded using these systems and then
processed to detect patient’s clinical situations.
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4.  Remote monitoring of patients.
 Training support for athlete.
 Monitoring of individuals who work with
hazardous elements.
 Tracking of professional truck driver’s vital
signs to alert them of fatigue.
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5. Three main components of wearable biosensors are:
 Biological element: For sensing the presence and
concentration of a substance.
 Transducer: The product of interaction of biological
component and sample may be a suitable chemical,
charge etc., which can be converted by transducer into
an electrical signal.
 Associated Electronic Devices: The electrical signal
may be further amplified and can be read on digital
panels
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6. Ring Sensor:
It allows one to continuously
monitor heart rate and oxygen
saturation. The device is shaped
like a ring.
 Smart Shirt:
This technology has been
used to integrate sensors for
monitoring the vital signs like
temperature, heart rate and
respiration rate.
[Google image]
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7.  It is a pulse oximetry, i.e.
it monitors the oxygen saturation.
 It is based on the concept of
photoconductor.
Principles :-
 Blood pressure pulse causes vessel wall displacement.
 Detection pulsatile blood volume changes by photoelectric method
by photo resistor
 Connected as a part of voltage divider circuit and produces a
voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the finger.
Fig-ring sensor wore on a
finger.
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8.  Components:
• LED’s and Photodiodes
• Optical sensor unit
• PIC microcontroller
• RF transmitter
• Tiny cell battery
• Use of double ring structure.
• First stage amplifier
• Signal Conditioner
• Sample and hold circuit
 Waveforms sampled at 100 Hz transmitted to a PDA or a cellular phone carried
by the patient.
 Less distance between LED & PD.
Fig-Components of ring sensor[1]
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9. [2]
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10.  In order to detect blood volume changes due to heart
contraction and expansion by photoelectric method,
normally photo resistors are used.
 Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the
artery and the resistance of photo resistor is determined
by the amount of light reaching it.
 Oxygenated blood absorb more light than deoxygenated
blood
 A noise cancellation filter is used to cancel the noise due
to motion of the finger.
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11.  Wireless supervision of people during hazardous operations.
 In an overcrowded emergency department.
 Chronic surveillance of abnormal heart failure.
 In cardio-vascular disease for monitoring the hyper tension.
Advantages
 Continuous monitoring.
 Easy to use.
 Reducing hospitalization
fee
Disadvantages
 Initial cost is high.
 Limited number of
physiological parameters can be
monitored.
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12.  Also known as GTWM i.e.
Georgia Tech Wearable
Motherboard.
 This GTWM (smart shirt) provides
an extremely versatile framework for
the incorporation of sensing,
monitoring and information
processing devices.
 It uses optical fibers to detect bullet
wounds and special sensors and
interconnects to monitor the body
vital signs during combat conditions.
 It is used to integrate sensors for
monitoring the vital signs like
temperature, heart rate and
respiration rate. Fig- Architechture of Smart Shirt[2]
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13.  A combat soldier sensor to his body, pulls the smart shirt on, and attaches the
sensors to the smart shirt.
 A “signal” is sent from one end of the plastic optical fiber to a receiver at the
other end. The emitter and the receiver are connected to a Personal Status
Monitor (psm) worn at the hip level by the soldier.
 If the light from the emitter does not reach the receiver inside the PSM, it
signifies that the smart shirt has been penetrated (i.e.; the soldier has been
shot).
 The signal bounces back to the PSM forum the point of penetration, helping
the medical personnel pinpoint the exact location the solider wounds.
 Information on the soldiers wound and the condition is immediately
transmitted electronically from the PSM to a medical unit.
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14. Fig- Working of Smart Shirt[2]
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15.  Combat casualty care.
 Medical monitoring.
 Sports/ Performance monitoring.
 Space experiments.
 Mission critical/ hazardous application.
 Fire- fighting.
 Wearable mobile information infrastructure.
Advantages
 Continuous monitoring.
 Right Treatment at the right time
 Easy to wear and takeoff.
Disadvantages
 Initial cost is high
 Battery life is less
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16.  Smart shirt technology opens up existing opportunities to
develop adaptive & responsive systems that can think &
act based on the user conditions stimuli & environment.
 Certain individuals are susceptible to anaphylaxis reaction
an allergic reaction) when stung by a bee or spider and need
a shot of adrenaline immediately to prevent further fatalities.
by applying advancements in MEMS(Micro-Electrochemical
systems) technology we can achieve that.
 The Smarts shirt’s delta acquisition capabilities can be used to
detect the condition when an individual is lapsing into a diabetic
shock and this integrated feedback mechanism can provide the
appropriate response to prevent a fatality.
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17.  It is anticipated that the smart shirt will bring
personalized & affordable healthcare monitoring
to the population at large.
 Limitations: Sensitivity And battery life .
 Advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at
partial to dramatically alter its landscape of healthcare
delivery and at practice of medicine as we know them
today. It is leading to the realization of “Affordable
Healthcare, Any place, Anytime, Anyone”.
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18. [1] H .Harry Asada, “Mobile monitoring with wearable sensors” ,
IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine, vol 22, pp-
28-39 May/ June 2003.
[2] Park and Jayaraman , ”Enhancing the quality of life through
wearable technology”, IEEE engineering in medicine and biology
magazine, vol 22, pp- 41-48 May/ June 2003.
[3] Handbook of biomedical instrumentation , Khandpur ,pp-
138,233,238
[4] R . Neuman , ” Biomedical sensors”, handbook of biomedical
instrumentation,pp-725-755
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