PARTE 2 Inquietudes sobre la cadena de suministro A continuaci�n .pdf

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La cadena de suministro de juegos de cocina tiene varios puntos de posible pérdida o defecto: A) El 0,4% de los materiales entregados a los proveedores son inaceptables. B) El 0,7% de los juegos producidos son defectuosos. C) El 1,1% de los artículos se pierden o dañan durante el transporte. D) El 1,2% de los artículos en las tiendas minoristas son robados o dañados y no están disponibles para la venta.

Educación

PARTE 2: Inquietudes sobre la cadena de suministro
A continuacin se muestra una descripcin general de cmo se mueven los materiales a travs de la
cadena de suministro. Para cada conjunto de partes en la lista, usted
tambin vea una tasa de prdida o defecto asociada con esa parte de la cadena de suministro.
A. Proveedores: el 0,4% de todos los materiales entregados son inaceptables para su uso
B. Fabricacin: el 0,7% de todos los juegos de cocina producidos son defectuosos y, por lo tanto,
no se envan
C. Distribucin: el 1,1 % de todos los artculos enviados se pierden, se los roban o se daan durante
el transporte
D. Tienda minorista: el 1,2 % de todos los artculos aceptados por la tienda minorista son
robados o
daados en la tienda y, por lo tanto, no estn disponibles para la venta.
5.
(2 PUNTOS)
Usando el clculo de daos y defectos discutidos en la leccin, calcule el nmero
de conjuntos estandarizados que se deben planificar para tener 7.500 conjuntos disponibles para
el cliente cada uno
mes.
6.
(2 PUNTOS)
Segn nuestras estimaciones, cuntos juegos de cocina adicionales se necesitarn
comprar/producir?
para dar cuenta de los daos, robos, defectos... en el transcurso de un AO?
7.
(2 PUNTOS)
Los juegos de cocina se venden a $275.00 por juego. Cuestan alrededor de $ 200 para producir,
entregar y vender,
aunque. Aproximadamente, cunto perder (coste) la empresa este ao segn las estimaciones y su
calculos?

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page 12 B. Conflicting or missing audit evidence, such as: (1) Missing, unavailable or altered documents. (2) Unexplained items on reconciliations. (3) Inconsistent, vague or implausible responses to inquiries. (4) Unusual discrepancies between records and confirmation replies. (5) Missing inventory or physical assets. (6) Unavailable or missing electronic evidence, inconsistent retention policies. C. Problematic or unusual relationships between auditor and management, such as: (1) Denial of access to records, facilities, employees, customers, vendors others. (2) Undue time pressures. (3) Management complaints or intimidation. (4) Unusual delays in providing information. (5) Tips or complaints about alleged fraud..

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page 10 (4) In-house legal counsel. E. Be aware in evaluating management's responses to inquiries that it is often in the best position to perpetrate fraud. 13. Considering the results of analytical procedures performed in planning the audit: A. When unexpected results occur, consider the risk of material misstatement due to fraud. B. Perform analytical procedures on revenue during the planning of the audit to identify unusual or unexpected relationships. C. Because analytical procedures performed during planning often use data aggregated at a high level, results obtained often only provide a broad initial indication about whether a material misstatement exists. 14. An auditor should consider fraud risk factors, which are events or conditions that indicate incentives/pressures to perpetrate fraud, opportunities to carry out fraud, or attitude/rationalization to justify a fraudulent action: A. The auditor should use professional judgment in determining whether a risk factor is present and in identifying and assessing the risk of material misstatement due to fraud. B. While fraud risk factors do not necessarily indicate the existence of fraud, they often are present when fraud exists. 15. Other information that should be considered includes the discussion among audit team members, reviews of interim financial statements, and the consideration of identified inherent risks. IDENTIFYING RISKS THAT MAY RESULT IN A MATERIAL MISSTATEMENT DUE TO FRAUD 16. It is helpful when identifying risks of fraud to consider the three conditions ordinarily present when a material misstatement due to fraud ordinarily occursincentives/pressures, opportunities, and attitude/rationalization. Fraud experts often refer to these three conditions as the fraud triangle. 17. The auditor should evaluate whether identified risks of material misstatement due to fraud can be related to specific accounts, assertions, or whether they relate more pervasively to the financial statements as a whole. 18. The identification of a risk of material misstatement due to fraud includes consideration of the type of risk (fraudulent financial reporting or misappropriation of assets), the significance of the risk, the likelihood of the risk, and the pervasiveness of the risk. 19. A presumption of improper revenue recognition is a fraud risk. 20. The auditor should always address the risk of management override of controls. Fraud (previously referred to as irregularities)-Intentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures in financial statements. Audits are concerned with misstatements arising from two distinct types of acts: Fraudulent Financial Reporting - Intentional misstatements in financial statements to deceive financial statement users. Misappropriation of assets (also referred to as "defalcations")-Theft of company's assets the effect of which has not been appropriately reflected in the financial statements. PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM BACKGROUND INFORMATION (AU 230) 4. In ev.

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p14-15 34. The risk of fraud may be so high as to cause the auditor to consider withdrawing from engagement; factors affecting decision: A Implications about integrity of management. B. Diligence and cooperation of management or the board of directors. COMMUNICATING ABOUT FRAUD TO MANAGEMENT, THE AUDIT COMMITTEE AND OTHERS 35. Whenever there is evidence that fraud may exist, the matter should be brought to an appropriate level of management, even if the matter might be considered inconsequential: A. All fraud involving senior management, and any fraud (by anyone) that causes a material misstatement should be reported directly to the audit committee. B. The auditor should reach an understanding with the audit committee regarding communications about misappropriations perpetrated by lower-level employees. 36. If risks have internal control implications the auditor should determine whether they represent reportable conditions and need to be communicated to the audit committee. 37. The auditor may choose to communicate other risks of fraud. 38. Disclosure of fraud beyond senior management and its audit committee is not ordinarily a part of the auditor's responsibility, unless: A. Required by specific legal and regulatory requirements. NOTE: These requirements include reports in connection with the termination of the engagement, such as when the entity reports an auditor change on Form 8K and the fraud or related risk factors constitute a reportable event or is the source of a disagreement, as these terms are defined in Item 304 of Regulation S - K. These reguirements also include reports that may be required, under certain circumstances, pursuant to Section 10A(b)1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 relating to an illegal act that has a material effect on the financial statements. B. To a successor auditor. C. In response to a subpoena. D. To a funding agency or other specified agency in accordance with requirements of audits of entities that receive governmental financial assistance. DOCUMENTING THE AUDITOR'S CONSIDERATION OF FRAUD 39. The documentation should include: A. Details of the discussion among audit team of risk of material misstatement due to fraud, including how and when discussion occurred, participants, and subject matter. 14 B. Procedures performed to obtain information to identify and assess risks of material misstatement due to fraud. C. Specific risks of material misstatement due to fraud that were identified and auditor's response to those risks. D. If auditor did not identified improper revenue recognition as a risk of material misstatement due to fraud, the reasons for that conclusion. E. Results of procedures performed to further address risk of management override of controls. F. Other conditions and analytical relationships or other responses required and any further responses the auditor concluded were appropriate to address such risks or conditions. G. Nature of communications about fraud made to management, the aud.

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p13 29. The auditor should evaluate whether analytical procedures performed as substantive tests or in the overall review stage indicate a previously unrecognized risk of material misstatement due to fraud: A. If not already performed, the auditor should perform analytical procedures on revenue at the overall review stage of the audit; unusual relationships include: (1) Large amounts of income recorded in the last week or two of the year. (2) Income inconsistent with trends in cash flows from operations. Other examples of unusual or unexpected analytical relationships and possible causes 30. The auditor should evaluate risks of material misstatement due to fraud at or near completion of fieldwork. 31. When misstatements are identified, the auditor should consider whether such misstatements may indicate fraud. 32. When misstatements are or may be the result of fraud, but the effects are not material to the financial statements, the auditor should evaluate the implications. Examples of immaterial frauds include: A. A misappropriation of cash from a small petty cash fund normally would have little significance. B. A misappropriation involving management may be indicative of a more pervasive problem and may require the auditor to consider the impact on the nature, timing, and extent of tests of balances or transactions, and the assessment of the effectiveness of controls. 33. If the auditor believes the misstatements may be the result of fraud and has determined it could be material to the financial statements, but has been unable to evaluate whether the effect is material, the auditor should: A. Attempt to obtain audit evidence to determine whether fraud has occurred and its effect. Fraud (previously referred to as irregularities) -Intentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures in financial statements. Audits are concerned with misstatements arising from two distinct types of acts: Fraudulent Financial Reporting - Intentional misstatements in financial statements to deceive financial statement users. Misappropriation of assets (also referred to as "defalcations")-Theft of company's assets the effect of which has not been appropriately reflected in the financial statements. PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM BACKGROUND INFORMATION (AU 230) 4. In every audit, the exercise of professional skepticism is paramount. In many audit failures involving fraud, inadequate professional skepticism is frequently cited as a significant reason why the material misstatement was not detected by the auditor. 5. The third general standard of the generally accepted auditing standards is: Due professional care is to be exercised in the planning and performance of the audit and the preparation of the report. 6. In discussing due professional care, the standards state that: A. Due professional care requires the auditor to exercise professional skepticism. Professional skepticism is an attitude that includes a questioning mind and a critical assessment of audit ev.

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