1. CHAPTER 6.1

2. COMPUTER SOFTWARE
• Software a.k.a program consists of a series of
related instructions, organized for a common
purpose, that tells the computer what task to
perform and how to perform them.
System Application Computer
software software software

3. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
• System software consists of the programs that
control or maintain the operations of the
computer and its devices
Operating Utility
systems Programs

4. OPERATING SYSTEM
• OS is a set of programs containing instructions
that works together to coordinate all the
activities among computer hardware
resources.
• Sometimes called platform.
• Cross-platform program: can runs the same
on multiple OS.

5. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

6. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Starting
and Shutting Down a Computer
• The process of starting or restarting a
computer is called booting
Cold boot Warm boot
• Turning on • Using the
a computer operating
that has system to
been restart a
powered off computer
completely

7. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Starting
and Shutting Down a Computer
A boot drive is the drive from
which your computer starts
• You can boot from a boot disk
• A recovery disk contains a few system files
that will start the computer

8. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Starting
and Shutting Down a Computer
• An operating system includes various shut
down options
Sleep mode saves any open
Hibernate saves any open
documents and programs to
documents and programs to
RAM, turns off all
a hard disk before
unneeded functions, and
removing power from the
then places the computer in
computer
a low-power state

9. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:
Providing User Interface
• A user interface
controls how you
enter data and
instructions and
how information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface
(GUI), you interact
with menus and
visual images

10. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
• With a command-line interface, a user uses
the keyboard to enter data and instructions

11. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:
Managing Programs
• How an operating system handles programs
directly affects your productivity
Single user: One user
multiuser: Enables two Single tasking and Foreground and
or more users to runs multitasking background
programs
simulataneously
Preemptive multitasking:
OS interrupts a prog that
is executing and passes Multiprocessing
control to another prog
waiting to be executed.

12. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

13. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:
Managing Memory
• Memory management optimizes the use of
RAM
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage
medium functioning as additional RAM

14. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:
Coordinating Tasks
• The operating system determines the order in
which tasks are processed

15. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

16. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:
Configuring Devices
• Operating systems typically provide a means
to establish Internet connections

17. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:
Monitoring Performance
• A performance monitor is a program that
assesses and reports information about
various computer resources and devices

18. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Providing
File Management and other Utilities
• Operating systems often provide users with
the capability of:
Searching for Viewing Securing a
Managing files
files images computer
Uninstalling Cleaning up Defragmenting Diagnosing
programs disks disks problems
Backing up Setting up
files and disks screen savers

19. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:
Controlling a Network
• Some operating • A network
systems are designed administrator uses
to work with a server
on a network the server operating
system to:
• A server operating
system organizes and – Add and remove
coordinates how users, computers, an
multiple users access d other devices
and share resources on – Install software and
a network administer network
security

20. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:
Administering Security
• Each user has a user
account
– A user name, or user
ID, identifies a
specific user
– A password is a
private combination
of characters
associated with the
user name

21. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

22. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Stand
Alone
• A stand-alone operating system is a complete
operating system that works on a desktop
computer, notebook computer, or mobile
computing device
Windows
Mac OS X
7
UNIX Linux

23. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Stand
Alone
• The Macintosh operating system has set the
standard for operating system ease of use
• Latest version is Mac OS X

24. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Stand
Alone
UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s
Linux is an open-
source, popular, multitasking
UNIX-type operating system

25. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Server
Windows
UNIX
Server 2008
Linux Solaris

26. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Server
• Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows
Server 2003
– Part of the Windows Server 2008 family
– Multiple editions
• Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization
technology
– Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling
computing resources

27. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS:
Embedded
• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM
chip on a mobile device or consumer electronic
device
Windows Windows
Palm OS iPhone OS
Embedded CE Mobile
Google Embedded
Blackberry Symbian OS
Android Linux

28. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS:
Embedded

29. UTILITY PROGRAM
• A utility program is a type of system software
that allows a user to perform maintenance-
type tasks

30. UTILITY PROGRAM
• A file manager is a utility
that performs functions
related to file
management
– Displaying a list of files
– Organizing files in folders
– Copying, renaming, deleti
ng, moving, and sorting
files and folders
– Creating shortcuts

31. UTILITY PROGRAM
• An image viewer
allows users to
display, copy, and print
the contents of a
graphics file
• An uninstaller removes
a program, as well as
any associated entries
in the system files

32. UTILITY PROGRAM
• A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and
unused space on a computer’s hard disk so
that the operating system accesses data more
quickly and programs run faster
– Defragmenting

33. UTILITY PROGRAM
• A backup utility allows
users to copy files to
another storage
medium
• A restore utility
reverses the process
and returns backed up
files to their original
form

34. UTILITY PROGRAM
• A screen saver causes a • A personal firewall
display device’s screen detects and protects
to show a moving a personal computer
image or blank screen from unauthorized
if no activity occurs for intrusions
a specified time

35. UTILITY PROGRAM
A• virus describes acauses a display device’s screen
A screen saver potentially damaging computer
to show a that affects a computer screen if no
program moving image or blank negatively
activity occurs for a specified time
A worm copies A Trojan horse An antivirus
itself hides within or program
repeatedly in looks like a protects a
memory or legitimate computer
over a network program against viruses

36. UTILITY PROGRAM

37. UTILITY PROGRAM
Spyware is a program placed on
Adware displays an online
a computer without the user’s
advertisement in a banner or
knowledge that secretly collects
pop-up window
information about the user
• A spyware remover detects • An adware remover is a
and deletes spyware and program that detects and
other similar programs deletes adware

38. UTILITY PROGRAM
• A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)
– Compressing files frees up room on the storage media
– Two types of compression
• Lossy
• Lossless
• Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files
– Can be uncompressed

39. UTILITY PROGRAM
• A media player allows you to view images and
animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on
your computer

40. UTILITY PROGRAM
• Disc burning software
writes
text, graphics, audio, and
video files on a recordable
or rewritable optical disc

41. UTILITY PROGRAM
• A personal computer
maintenance utility
identifies and fixes
operating system
problems, detects and
repairs disk problems, and
includes the capability of
improving a computer’s
performance