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Key words related to monarchy in the Modern Age
- 1. Which words can be related to “monarchy” in the Modern Age? • Authoritarian • Democratic Powerful • Strong More taxes • Weak Strong armies • Controlled by nobles Feudal armies • Nobles under control Inquisition • Bureaucracy Nobility rebellions • Weak bourgeoisie Rising bourgeoisie
- 2. ¿Con qué palabras podemos vincular la monarquía? • Autoritaria Tolerante • Democrática Poderosa • Fuerte Más impuestos • Débil Ejércitos reales • Controlada por nobles Ejércitos nobles • Nobles sometidos Inquisición • Burocracia Rebeliones nobles • Levantamientos campesinos
- 3. • ¿Qué significa la palabra “estado nacional”? • Does everyone speak the same language?
- 4. • ¿Qué significa la palabra “estado nacional”? • ¿Hablamos una misma lengua? • ¿Compartimos un espacio común? • ¿Hay un control del territorio por fuerzas del orden?
- 5. Time arrow 1504-1516 Fernando El católico regency 1516-1519 Cardinal Cisneros Regency 1519-1556 Carlos I de España AUSTRIAS MAYORES 1556-1598 Felipe II AUSTRIAS MENORES 1598-1621 Felipe III 1621-1665 Felipe IV 1665-1700 Carlos II Renaissance Counter-Reformation Barroque Humanisme “Siglo de Oro” 16th century 17th century Rise and political hegemony bankruptcy Decadence and fall Rocroi Pavía Lepanto 1640 Sucession war
- 6. XVI XVII Política Hegemonía Expansión en Europa. Creación del imperio americano. Crisis. Derrota Caída de la influencia española frente a Francia. Economía y sociedad Expansión comercial Aumento demográfico Crisis al final de siglo Inflación. Crisis demográfica social. Bancarrotas. Cultura Renacimiento Humanismo Contrarreforma Barroco
- 7. 16th century: Carlos V Felipe II
- 8. The domains of Charles I Of Spain and V of Germany Isabel La Católica Fernando El católico Felipe el hermoso Felipe el hermoso 1521: emperor of Germany 1519: King of Spain
- 11. The main conflicts • Comuneros and Germanías (civil war) • France (defeated at Pavía, 1525) • Turkish Empire and pirates from North Africa • The protestants in Germany (Mühlberg, 1547) • The creation of the American Empire (Cortés and Pizarro) • The cost of the war: Bankruptcy.
- 13. Civil War: comunidades and Germanías At the Beginning Of Charles I Reign, there was Internal opposition. Charles was seen as A foreigner without Any interest in Spain, But as a source to Collect taxes for their Campaign. Execution of Padilla And Maldonado
- 14. The civil war: Villalar The comuneros Were defeated At Villalar in 1521 Castilla y Leon still Celebrates this Date: April 23th Villalar, Valladolid, 2013
- 15. Question: You are Francois I. How do you feel about your position in relation with Spanish territories? Time: 1´
- 16. The great enemy Charles I Of Spain Francis I Of France
- 18. Pavía y “los tercios”” En 1525 ocurrió una gran batalla en la que el mismísimo rey de Francia fue tomado prisionero. Ese fue el comienzo de la superioridad castellana en Europa frente al enemigo francés.
- 20. BARBARROJA BARBARROJA LA AMENAZA BERBERISCA Y TURCA
- 21. The war against the Muslims Spain run a War against The Muslims As a continuation Of Reconquest. The Muslim pirates in North Africa still attacked the Spanish coast and Charles I prepared Military campaigns In Tunez and Argel War at Tunez, 1535
- 22. The war against the Muslims War at Tunez, 1535
- 23. Question: name of the capital where Muslims were defeated (30´´)
- 25. The war against the Protestants Charles I was a fervient Catholic, so when Luther started his Reform, He met the monk in Spira and Worms, forbidding him to break with the Church.
- 26. Mühlberg Finally there was a war, And the Protestants Were defeated at Mülhberg (1547). However, the problem Went on and part Of Germany became Protestant.
- 30. V.-The conquest and colonisation of America Méjico: Name of the Empire Indian ruler/Spanish conqueror Perú: Name of the Empire Indian ruler/Spanish conqueror Time: 1´
- 31. The conquest and colonisation of America Méjico: Aztecan Empire Moctezuma/Cortés Perú: Incan Empire Atahualpa /Pizarro
- 32. The American conquest The Conquest of America Had a turning Point in 1521 with The fall of The Aztecan empire, by The troops Of Hernan Cortés
- 33. What did the Castilian people want to find in America? Why did Castilian people migrate to America?
- 34. Why was the American conquest so easy for the Spanish troops? (3 at least)
- 35. 1.- The Spanish technological hegemony (gunpowder, horses, armours). 2.- The ambition of the conquerors. 3.- Internal problems of the Indians (civil wars) and even tragic epidemics (brought by Europeans). 4.- The religious interest. Why was the American conquest so easy for the Spanish troops?
- 36. The American Empire in 1550 PIZARRO CORTÉS
- 37. The consequences in Extremadura Pizarro’s Palace In Trujillo, XVIth century
- 39. The end: retirement at Yuste.
- 41. Society and culture Charles I • Economical expansion Wool trade and America Strong cultural impact Flandes Italy Humanism Renaissance
- 43. Why are there so many tapestries in the walls of the palaces? Conquista de Túnez Carlos I
- 44. Madrid, capital under Felipe II
- 45. Does this picture tell you anything about Felipe II?
- 46. Felipe II, a much more Spanish ruler • He was born in Valladolid. • His native language was Castilian. • He didn´t become Holy Roman Empire. • He made Madrid his capital and built El Escorial as a royal residence.
- 47. Felipe II, a much more Spanish ruler • He was born in Valladolid. • His native language was Castilian. • He didn´t become Holy Roman Empire. • He made Madrid his capital and built El Escorial as a royal residence.
- 48. Policies in Spain • Defence of Catholicism (group 1) • The revolt of the moriscos (group 2) • Unrest in Aragón (group 3)
- 49. Policies in Spain Objective: defence of Catholicism Inquisition isolation Purity of blood Revolt of the moriscos Alpujarras 1568
- 50. Policies in Spain Objective: more authoritarian monarchy Less rights in other kingdoms Unrest in Aragón Antonio Pérez
- 53. Policies in Europe Objectives: a) defence of Catholicism b) stronger power in Europe France San Quintín Turkish Empire Lepanto The Netherlands Independence England Invincible Armada Portugal Alcántara
- 56. Lepanto (1571)
- 57. Lepanto (1571)
- 58. 1580-1640 Felipe was Isabel de Portugal´s son
- 60. «Batalla sr. don Antonio, nombrado rey de Portugal y el Duque de Alba
- 61. The Felipe II world empire
- 63. The Netherlands Independence • Causes Opposition to high taxes Calvinism The Northern provinces: independence The Southern (Belgium and Luxembourg ) under Spanish rule Consequences
- 64. Independence of Netherlands (1579) Belgium and Luxembourg under Spain.
- 65. Flandes: the begining of the Dutch independence war (1570-1648)
- 66. Spanish influence in Holland and the world: Saint Niklas (santa Claus) The influence in Popular legends reachs the Christmas holidays. San Nicolás (the First Santa klaus) was a Spanish Bishop coming from The south with toys And presents for the children. It’s on December 5th.
- 67. And bad legends…
- 69. The American Empire in 1550 PIZARRO CORTÉS
- 70. • The American conquest was over. • Explotation. • Consequences: a) Affluence of silver: inflation b) Relation America-Spain c) The trade America-Spain
- 71. Casa de Contratación de Indias (Sevilla)
- 77. Government in America • Viceroys • Governors • Councils: Alcaldes mayores, Corregidores. • Audiencias
- 78. Two important Istitutions • Casa de Contratación • Consejo de Indias.
- 79. Society
- 82. The 17th century in Spain: Economical crisis: Bad crops + Conscription + diseases + emigration + taxes = Fall of population. Fall of trade Decadence of Castille
- 83. What is the causal order for this sequence? • Enfermedades / Emigración / menos producción agrícola / malas cosechas / caída del comercio /leva para guerras / Caída de la población / impuestos
- 84. • Fall of population: Why? 4 reasons • Fall of the trade activity. Why? Wars: are they positive for the trade? Inflation? Competition of cheaper products? • Social biases: Which one? • The political context
- 87. The society One obsession Purity of blood
- 88. The society • The nobility: and church: attractive for the poorest work titles Purity of blood
- 89. The society • The bourgeoisie: wiped out titles crisis
- 90. The society • Peasants and pueblo llano: worst conditions Taxes Villages depopulated Beggars thieves
- 92. The “Austrias Menores” Felipe III Felipe IV Carlos II The Austrias Menores Were weaker than Charles I and Felipe II They neglected their Duties as rulers and Were easily manipulated By their ministers.
- 93. Los validos de España The “validos” Were Prime ministers Representing The interests of the crown. However, they Used to be Corrupted and Concerned only To their own Interests.
- 97. The 17th century: the politics
- 98. Felipe III • Valido: Duque de Lerma • Bankruptcy • Expulsión de los moriscos (1609) • Peaceful period with Holland and France.
- 99. Felipe III - Internal policy: - Expulsion of the Moriscos (1609) with awful consequences for the economy and agriculture (silk). - Corrupted “Validos” (Lerma) -External policies: Truces (treguas) with Holland. Peace during most of the years.
- 100. Felipe IV • Valido: Conde Duque de Olivares. • Spanish defeat in Europe: The 30 years war Rocroi Peace of Westfalia. • 1640 Uprising
- 101. Felipe IV -Internal policy. Increasing authoritarism “Unión de armas”: all the kingdoms Should join Castilla in the European War, with more taxes and forced conscription. -Rebellion of 1640: After the first defeats in the European War, Naples, Catalonia and Portugal Started a rebellion against the Monarchy Portugal won the independence from Castilla after a few years.
- 102. The 30 year war. In the beginning It was a religion war Catholics against Protestants. After 1640, the war Was not only for Religious reasons: It was a war for the Hegemony of Europe France against Spain.
- 103. Victory in Breda (1620) The first stages of war Were won by the Austrias.
- 104. To the defeat of Rocroi (1643) After the entering of France in the war, the Spanish Armies suffered several defeats That end in the Peace of Westfalia.
- 105. The end: Peace of Pirineos (1659) Spain lost the war. Felipe IV Louis XIV
- 107. 1640 uprisings. Unión de Armas: Castilla Was exhausted and Demand more taxes and Men to the other kingdoms.
- 108. Uprisings in 1640 «Revuelta de los Segadores» in Cataluña Against taxes and conscription
- 109. For the parties searching the independence of Cataluña, this is the first moment of an uprising against Spain.
- 110. Carlos II
- 111. After Charles II’s death, leaving no sons, there is War between Austria and France to decide who will Be the next king of Spain, the Habsburgs or the Borbons.
- 112. The Peace of Utretch (1713)