polypropylene fiber

1. Presented By:
Anjali
Anupam Singh
Heenu Chaudhary
Lalit
Harsh Lodhi

2. INTRODUCTION
• Concrete is world’s most widely used construction material. Due to its low
tensile strength and a low tensile strain limit it results in the development of
microcracks in it. So in order reduce this effects polypropylene fibers can be
used.
•Excessively wide cracks can also result in leakage in structures such as dams,
tanks, and pools. In many of the cases this cracking is so significant that it may
lead to failure of the structure. The deterioration of such structures is of great
concern since the repairing and rehabilitation of these structures are time
consuming and costly.
•By adding polypropylene fibers into the concrete, the plastic shrinkage cracks
of concrete at the early age reduced and it can also reduce the surface
bleeding and settlement of aggregate of fresh concrete, which can prevent the
formation of settling cracks.

3. • In this study various mixtures of polypropylene fiber of volume fractions of
0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 was used for concrete mixes. Each series consists
of cubes as per IS standard. A series of tests were carried out to find out the
compressive strength at the age of 28 days. At the age of 28 days each
mixture were tested and analysed in order to find out the best efficient mixture
in favouring of strength characteristics of concrete mix.
•Polypropylene fibers are cheap and abundantly available.
•Due to its low density (0.9 gm/cc), high crystalline, high stiffness and excellent
chemical/bacterial resistance, is tactic PP is widely used in many industrial
applications such as nonwovens, industrial ropes, packaging materials,
furnishing products, etc.

4. NECESSITY
•Weight
•Plastic Shrinkage
Cracks
•Cost
•Permeability
•Absorption of water,
chemicals & dusting
•Corrosion
INCREASES
DECREASES
•Durability
•Anti-breaking capacity
•Abrasion Resistance
•Fire Resistance
•Strength

5. OBJECTIVESOF PROJECT
To compute the effect on compressive strength of M30 mix
concrete due to Polypropylene fibre.
To carry out experimental investigations for comparative
study with varying Polypropylene fibre and water-cement
ratio.

6. LITERATURE REVIEW
Author’s Name Research Paper Experimental Work
T.Aly, J.G. Sanjayan, F.
Collins
Effect of Polypropylene Fibers
on Shrinkage and cracking of
concretes
focused on the plastic shrinkage
cracking performance of concrete
incorporating PP fibers that are
subjected to restrained conditions.
Rana A. Mtasher, Dr.
Abdulnasser M. Abbas,
Najaat H. Ne’ma
Strength Prediction of
Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced
Concrete
investigates on the study of effects of
polypropylene fiber on the
compressive and flexural strength of
normal weight concrete.
J.A. Larbi and R.B.
Polder
Effects of Polypropylene fibers
in concrete: Microstructure after
fire testing and chloride
migration
revealed that the amount of explosive
spalling and the extent of cracking
can considerably be reduced by use
of suitable amount of polypropylene
fibers.

7. Alan Richardson and
Urmil V. Dave
The Effect of Polypropylene
fibers within concrete with
regard to Fire Performance in
Structures
examined the effect of various
polypropylene fibers addition to
concrete with regard to explosive
spalling when subject to high
temperatures similar to those
experienced in building or tunnel fires.
K. Murahari and Rama
Mohan Rao
Effects of Polypropylene fibers
on the strength properties of fly
ash based concrete
deals with the strength properties of
concrete containing polypropylene
fiber and class C fly ash. It was found
that the compressive, flexural and
split tensile strength increases
gradually by the addition of
polypropylene fibers.

8. METHODOLOGY
Preparation of Mix
Mixing of Materials
Addition of Water
Casting of Samples
Curing of Specimens

9. MATERIALSREQUIRED
CEMENT
COARSE
AGGREGATES
FINE
AGGREGATES
POLYPROPYLENE
FIBER
WATER
POLYPROPYLENE
FIBER CONCRETE

10. CEMENT
•The cement used was Ordinary Portland Cement of 53 Grade.
•The cement has a specific gravity of 3.15.
•The physical properties are confirming to IS: 12269-1987 is given in Table 1.
Table 1: Physical Requirements for OPC, 53 grades
Sl No. Characteristics Requirements
1. Fineness, m²/kg, Min 225
370 for 53-S grade
2. Setting Time:
a) Initial, min, Min 30
60 for 53-S grade
b) Final, min , Min 600
3. Compressive Strength, MPa
a) 72 ± 1h, Min 27
b) 168 ± 2h, Min 37
37.5 for 53-S grade
c) 672 ± 4h, Min 53

11. COARSE AGGREGATES
•Coarse aggregates used in this study are the crushed aggregates. The commercial
stones are quarried, crushed and graded. These are mainly the crushed angular granite
metal stones.
•The sizes of 20mm and 10mm are used.
•The specific gravity and water absorption is given in table 2 conforming IS 2386 (part
iii)- 1963.
Table 2: Physical properties of Coarse Aggregates
Physical
Property
20mm 10mm
Specific Gravity 2.883 2.878
Water Absorption 0.97 0.83

12. FINE AGGREGATES
•Fine aggregate used in the study is river sand confirming to zone III (IS: 383 -1970).
•Specific gravity and water absorption value (IS: 2386 (Part-iii) 1963) of sand used was
2.605 and 1.23% of wt. respectively.
•Limits of grading zone III is given in Table 3.
Table 3: % passing for Fine Aggregates
IS Sieve Designation % passing for Grading
Zone III
10mm 100
4.75mm 90-100
2.36mm 85-100
1.18mm 75-100
600µ 60-79
300µ 12-40
150µ 0-10

13. POLYPROPYLENEFIBER
•The fibres used were fine polypropylene monofilaments .
•It is available in 3 different sizes i.e. 6mm, 12mm and 24 mm.
•In the present investigation 12mm fiber length is used . The physical properties are
given in Table 4.
Table 4: Physical Properties Of Polypropylene Fibers
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Size 12 mm
Melting point 170°C
Tensile Strength 390-590 MPa
Specific Gravity 0.91
Water Absorption 0

14. WATER
Potable water is used for mixing and curing from the water supply network system as it
was free from the suspended solids and organic material, which might have affected the
properties of the fresh and hardened concrete

15. MIX DESIGN
• The Concrete mix design has been carried out for various proportions as per IS 10262:
2009.
•The ratio of water added to the cement was w/c = 0.42.
• 711kg/m³• 160kg/m³
• 1283kg/m³• 380kg/m³
CEMENT
COARSE
AGGREGATES
FINE
AGGREGATES
WATER

16. Freshly prepared PP Fiber Concrete

17. MIX PROPORTION
The mix proportion was obtained for various percentages of polypropylene fiber i.e.,
0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, and 0.30% replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement. In the first
trial, water content was maintained constant. However in the second trial water /cement
ratio was maintained constant. The mix proportions for various batches for trial I & II
given in Table 5 & 6:
Table 5: Details of Mix Proportions- Trial I Table 6: Details of Mix Proportions-
Trial II
PP
Fibre
conten
t
(%)
Ceme
nt
(kg/m³)
Fine
Aggreg
ates
(kg/m³)
Coarse
Aggreg
ates
(kg/m³)
Water
(kg/m³)
0
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
PP
Fibre
content
(%)
Cemen
t
(kg/m³)
Fine
Aggreg
ates
(kg/m³)
Coarse
Aggreg
ates
(kg/m³)
Water
(kg/m³)
0
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30

18. TESTON SPECIMENS
1. COMPRESSION TEST
In this investigation we use cubical moulds of size 15 cm x 15cm x 15 cm.
Concrete is
poured in the
cast iron
moulds
Compacted
properly by
tamping rod of
standard size
or by vibration
Stored at
temperature
(15° -25°) &
relative
humidity of
90% is
maintained
Demoulded
after 24 hrs &
stored in water
for curing
After 7 & 28
days
specimens are
tested by CTM
Load at the failure
COMRESSIVE STRENGTH =
Area of Specimen
Load should be
applied gradually
at the rate of 140
kg/cm² per minute
till the specimens
fails

19. Compression Strength (MPa)
PP Fiber Content
(%)
7 Days 28 Days
0
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Compression Strength (MPa)
PP Fiber Content
(%)
7 Days 28 Days
0
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Table 7: Compressive Strength for Trail I
Table 8: Compressive Strength for Trail II
Compression Testing
Machine

20. 2. CONCRETE SLUMP TEST
This test is performed to check the consistency of freshly made concrete. The slump test
is done to make sure a concrete mix is workable.
The slump cone is a metal
mould in the shape of the
frustum of cone which is
open at both ends with a
base diameter of 203 mm (8
inches), a top diameter of
101 mm (4 inches), and a
height of 305mm (12
inches).
Fill the cone in
3 layers. Each
layer is tamped
25 times by rod
Remove
excess
concrete from
top of the cone
Immediately lift
cone vertically
with slow and
even motion
Invert the
withdrawn
cone & place
next to
slumped
concrete
Measure the
amt. of slump
from bottom to
top of slumped
cone
Rod dimension:
610 mm long bullet
nosed metal rod of
16 mm in diameter

21. PP Fiber Content
(%)
Slump values
(mm)
Slump Type
0
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Types of Concrete Slump
Table 9: Slump Tests Values

22. 3. UNIT WEIGHT OF CUBES
Tests to study the variation of unit weight of the cube were conducted. The table10
shows the details about the unit weight of the cube with the increase in the percentage
of the polypropylene fibre content in concrete.
PP Fiber Content
(%)
Wt of the
Cube(kg)
Unit Wt of The
Cube (kg/m3)
0
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Table10: Unit Weight of Cubes

23. 4. POROSITY TEST
Water absorption test or the porosity test was carried out the percentage water
absorption was measured. The table11 shows the details about the water absorption test
carried out.
PP Fiber
Content (%)
Avg. Dry wt
(g)
Avg. wet wt
(g)
Water
Absorbed (g)
Percentage
Water
Absorption
%
0
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Table 11: Water Absorption by Cubes

24. •Pavements and guard rails of highways and expressways
•Airport runway and parking apron
•Sprayed concrete at the wall surface and top of tunnel and mine revetment
•Major structure of bridge and deck
•Composite floor in building constructions
•Waterproof layer, floor, inner & outer wall of industrial and civil constructions
APPLICATIONS

25. REFERENCES
•IS 516: 1959 Method of test for strength of concrete
• IS 2386 (Part VIII): 1963Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete.
• IS 383:1970, Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for
concrete
• IS 10262:2009 Concrete Mix Proportioning- Guidelines.
• Aly T, Sanjayan J G and Collins F (2008),“Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on Shrinkage
and Cracking of Concretes”, RILEM, Materials and Structures, Vol. 41, pp. 1741-1753,
DOI 10.1617/s11527-008-9361-2.
• Rana A. Mtasher, Dr. Abdulnasser M. Abbas, Najaat H. Ne’ma (2011) “Strength
Prediction of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, Eng. & Tech. Journal, Vol. 29,
No. 2, pp 305-311, 2011.
• J.A. Larbi and R.B. Polder “Effects of Polypropylene fibers in concrete: Microstructure
after fire testing and chloride migration”, HERON Vol. 52, No. 4, pp 289-305, 2007.
• Google search for images.

26. THANK YOU