1. SPORT NUTRITIONS
GET TO A HEALTHIER PLACE
PRESENTATION BY: G.R.A.C GAMLATH
SABARAGAMUWA UNIVERSITY OF SRI LANKAN
Undergraduate 2013/2014
2. DEFINITION OF
Nutritional status is the current body status, of a
person or a population group, related their state of
nourishment (the consumption and utilization of nutrition.)
The nutritional status is determined by a complex interaction
between internal/constitutional factors and external
environmental factors.
internal constitutional factors like; age, sex, nutrition,
behavior, physical activity and diseases.
External environment factors like; food safety, cultural,
social and economic circumstances.
3. An ideal nutrition status occurs when
the supply of nutrition conforms to the
nutritional requirements or needs.
Nutritional intake requirements
4. PURPOSE OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT
Identify individuals or population group at risk
of becoming malnourished.
Identify individuals or population group who
are malnourished.
To develop health care programs that meet
the community needs which are defined by
the assessment.
To measure the effectiveness of the
nutritional programs & interventions once
initiated.
5. METHODS OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT
Nutrition is assessed by one methods direct
and indirect.
The direct methods del with the individual
and measure adjective ;while indirect
methods use community indices that reflect
the community nutritional status /needs.
6. DIRECT METHODS OF NUTRITIONAL
ASSESSMENT
These are summarized as ABCD
Anthropometric methods.
Clinical methods.
Dietery evaluation methods.
Biochemical, laboratory methods.
7. INDIRECT METHODS OF NUTRITIONAL
ASSESSMENT.
Ecological variables including agricultural crops
production.
Economic factors e.g household income, per
capita income, population density, food
availability and prices.
Vita health statistics: morbidity, mortality and
other health indicators e.g infant and under fives
mortality, utilization of maternal and child health
care services, fertility indices and sanitary
conditions.
8. DIRECT METHODS OF NUTRITIONAL
ASSESSMENT.
Anthropometric methods.
Anthropometric is the measurement of body
height, weight & proportions. It is an assential
component of clinical examination of infants,
children & pregnant women.
These measurement are compared to the
reference data (standards) of the same age
and sex group, in order to evaluate the
nutritional status.
9.
10. Diets are rates in quality according to the
balance of nutrition they provide, and not
solely on the type of food eaten or the
amount of caloric intake.
11. People can have an optimal nutritional
status or they can be under / over / and
or malnourished.
12. Although they indicate the nutritional
status in general, still they are not used to
identify specific nutritional deficiencies.
They are used to evaluate both under &
over nutrition.
The measured values reflect the current
nutritional status & don’t differentiate
between acute & chronic changes.
14. MEASUREMENTS FOR ADULTS.
Height measurement
-the subject stands erect & bare footed
on a stadiometer with a movable head
piece.
-the head piece is leveled with skull
vault & the height is recorded to the
nearest 0.5cm
15. Weight measurement.
Use a regularly calibrated electronic
or balanced-beam scale. Spring
scales are less reliable. Weigh in light
clothes, no shoes. Read to the
nearest 100gm (0.1kg)
16. NUTRITIONAL INDICES IN ADULTS.
The international standard for assessing
body size in adults is the body mass index
(BMI)
BMI is computed using the following formula.
BMI=weight(kg)/height(m)
Evidence shows that high BMI (obesity level)
is associated with type 2 diabetes & high risk
of cardiovascular morbidity & mortality.
17. WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
Waist circumference is measured at the
level of the umbilicus to the nearest 0.5
cm
The subject stands erect with relaxed
abdominal muscles, arms at the side,
and feet together.
The measurement should be taken at
the end of a normal expiration.
18. HIP CIRCUMFERENCE.
Is measured at the point of greatest
circumference around hip & buttocks to the
nearest 0.5cm.
The subject should be standing.
Both measurement (waist and hip ) should be
taken with a flexible, non stretchable tape in
close contact with the skin, but without indenting
the soft tossue.
19. INTERPRETATION OF WAIST/ HIP RATIO (WHR)
High risk WHR=>0.80 for females & >
0.95 for males.
i.e waist measurement>80% of hip
measurement for women and >95% for
men indicates central (upper body)
obesity and is considered high risk for
diabetes & CVS disorders.
A WHR below these cut-off levels is
considered low risk.
20. BODY MASS INDEX FOR CHILDREN AND TEENS
The criteria used to interpret the meaning of
the BMI number for children and teens are
different from those used for adults. For
children and teens, BMI age- and sex- specific
percentiles are used for two reasons.
The amount of body fat changes with age.
The amount of body fat differs between girls
and boys.
21. BODY MASS INDEX FOR CHILDREN AND TEENS.
BMI for age percentile
Less than 5th percentile Underweight
5th percentile to less than the 85th
percentile
Healthy weight
85th percentile to less than the 95ht
percentile or greater
Risk of overweight
95th percentile or greater overweight
22. Advantage of anthropometry
Objective with high specificity & sensitivity.
Measures many variables of nutritional
significance (HT,WT,MAC,HC, skin fold
thickness, waist & hip ratio & BMI).
Readings are numerical & gradable on
standard growth charts.
Reading are reproducible.
Non-expensive & need minimal training.
Limitations of
anthropometry
Inter-observers errors in
measurement
Limited nutrition diagnosis
standards ,i.e local versus
international standards.
Arbitrary statistical cut-off
levels for what considered as
abnormal values.
23. CLINICAL ASSESSMENT.
It is an essential feature of all nutritional
surveys. It is the simplest & most practical
method of ascertaining the nutritional status
of a group of individuals.
It utilizes a number of physical signs,
(specific & non specific ) that are known to
be associated with malnutrition and
deficiency of vitamins & micronutrition.
24. Good nutritional history should be
obtained.
General clinical examination, with
special attention to organs like hair,
angles of the mouth, gums, nails, skin,
eyes, tongue, muscles, bones & thyroid
gland.
Detection of relevant signs helps in
establishing the nutrition diagnosis.
