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Grammar
Book #2
Augusto Melnick
Table of Contents
1. Preterito
2. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns
3. Ordinals
4. Preposiciones
5. Future
6. Imperfect
7. Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns
8. Reflexives
Preterito
-ar
-é
-aste
-ó
-amos
aron
-er/-ir
-í
-iste
-ió
-imos
-ieron
Regulars:
Snakey: “-yo” “-yeron” instead of “-io” “-ieron”
-car, -gar, -zar
-que, -gue, -ce in yo form
Spock: ir y ser, dar, ver, hacer
Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns
Adjectives Pronouns Neuters (Pronouns)
This/TheseThat/ThoseThat/Those
(overthere)
Este Esta
EstosEstas
EseEsa
EsosEsas
AquelAquella
AquellosAquellas
ÉsteÉsta
ÉstosÉstas
ÉseÉsa
ÉsosÉsas
AquélAquélla
AquéllosAquéllas
Esto
Eso
Aquello
Ordinals
1. Primero(a)- drops the “o” if in front of singular masculine noun
2. Segundo(a)
3. Tercero(a)- drops the “o” if in front of singular masculine noun
4. Cuarto(a)
5. Quinto(a)
6. Sexto(a)
7. Séptimo(a)
8. Octavo(a)
9. Noveno(a)
10. Décimo(a)
 Último (last)
Preposiciones
Izquierda (left) Derecha (right)
Delante (in front) Detrás (behind)
Cerca (near) Lejos (far)
Afuera (inside) Adentro (outside)
Debajo (beneath) Encima (above)
Entre (between) Al lado (beside)
Futuro
Infinitive
Irregulares:
Decir: dir-
Hacer: har-
Poner: pondr-
Salir: saldr-
Tener: tendr-
Valer: vendr-
Poder: podr-
Querer: querr-
Saber: sabr-
Imperfecto
 Deals with something in the past, not a specific time
or times
 Irregulars:
-ar
-aba -ábamos
-abas -abais
-aba-aban
-er/-ir
-ía -íamos
-ías -íais
-ía -ían
ser:
era éramos
eras erais
era eran
ir:
ibaibamos
ibasibais
ibaiban
ver:
veiaveiamos
veiasveiais
veiaveian
Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns
Mio(s) Mia(s)
Tuyo(s) Tuya(s)
Suyo(s) Suya(s)
Nuestro(s) Nuestra(s)
Suyo(s) Suya(s)
Adj: Placed after the noun
Pronoun:
1. (article) + (noun) + de + (pronoun)
2. ser + (pronoun)
Reflexivos
Yo- me (verb)
Tú- te (verb)
El/Ella/Ud.- se (verb)
Nosotros(as)- nos (verb)
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.- se (verb)
It- lo o la (verb)
Them- los o las(verb)
DOPs&IOPs
 Direct object pronouns answer who or what.
 Indirect object pronouns answer to or for whom.
Me Nos
Te Os
Lo/La Los/Las
Me Nos
Te Os
Le Les
Present/Past Progressive
 Conjugated form of estar + “-ing”
 -ar> -ando
 -er/-ir> -iendo
 If 3 vowels in a row, -yendo.
 Ex: hablar. Yoestoy/estabahablando.
 Ex: comer. Yoestoy/estabacomiendo.
 Ex: leer. Yoestoy/estabaleyendo.
Double Object Pronouns
 Indirect object pronouns precede the direct object
pronouns when they are together in a sentence.
 Ex: Me losmandaronporcorreo.

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Grammar book #2

  • 2. Table of Contents 1. Preterito 2. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns 3. Ordinals 4. Preposiciones 5. Future 6. Imperfect 7. Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns 8. Reflexives
  • 3. Preterito -ar -é -aste -ó -amos aron -er/-ir -í -iste -ió -imos -ieron Regulars: Snakey: “-yo” “-yeron” instead of “-io” “-ieron” -car, -gar, -zar -que, -gue, -ce in yo form Spock: ir y ser, dar, ver, hacer
  • 4. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns Neuters (Pronouns) This/TheseThat/ThoseThat/Those (overthere) Este Esta EstosEstas EseEsa EsosEsas AquelAquella AquellosAquellas ÉsteÉsta ÉstosÉstas ÉseÉsa ÉsosÉsas AquélAquélla AquéllosAquéllas Esto Eso Aquello
  • 5. Ordinals 1. Primero(a)- drops the “o” if in front of singular masculine noun 2. Segundo(a) 3. Tercero(a)- drops the “o” if in front of singular masculine noun 4. Cuarto(a) 5. Quinto(a) 6. Sexto(a) 7. Séptimo(a) 8. Octavo(a) 9. Noveno(a) 10. Décimo(a)  Último (last)
  • 6. Preposiciones Izquierda (left) Derecha (right) Delante (in front) Detrás (behind) Cerca (near) Lejos (far) Afuera (inside) Adentro (outside) Debajo (beneath) Encima (above) Entre (between) Al lado (beside)
  • 7. Futuro Infinitive Irregulares: Decir: dir- Hacer: har- Poner: pondr- Salir: saldr- Tener: tendr- Valer: vendr- Poder: podr- Querer: querr- Saber: sabr-
  • 8. Imperfecto  Deals with something in the past, not a specific time or times  Irregulars: -ar -aba -ábamos -abas -abais -aba-aban -er/-ir -ía -íamos -ías -íais -ía -ían ser: era éramos eras erais era eran ir: ibaibamos ibasibais ibaiban ver: veiaveiamos veiasveiais veiaveian
  • 9. Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns Mio(s) Mia(s) Tuyo(s) Tuya(s) Suyo(s) Suya(s) Nuestro(s) Nuestra(s) Suyo(s) Suya(s) Adj: Placed after the noun Pronoun: 1. (article) + (noun) + de + (pronoun) 2. ser + (pronoun)
  • 10. Reflexivos Yo- me (verb) Tú- te (verb) El/Ella/Ud.- se (verb) Nosotros(as)- nos (verb) Ellos/Ellas/Uds.- se (verb) It- lo o la (verb) Them- los o las(verb)
  • 11. DOPs&IOPs  Direct object pronouns answer who or what.  Indirect object pronouns answer to or for whom. Me Nos Te Os Lo/La Los/Las Me Nos Te Os Le Les
  • 12. Present/Past Progressive  Conjugated form of estar + “-ing”  -ar> -ando  -er/-ir> -iendo  If 3 vowels in a row, -yendo.  Ex: hablar. Yoestoy/estabahablando.  Ex: comer. Yoestoy/estabacomiendo.  Ex: leer. Yoestoy/estabaleyendo.
  • 13. Double Object Pronouns  Indirect object pronouns precede the direct object pronouns when they are together in a sentence.  Ex: Me losmandaronporcorreo.